Xiang Yu’s Theory of the Advantages and Disadvantages of Napoleon——Zhou Enlai

The situation will not change for a hundred years; a hero will not be born for a hundred years. There are heroes of times; there are heroes of times. When the rooster crows and dances, when it hits the stream, it waits for the right moment and takes advantage of the opportunity to rise. It is a hero created by the current situation. Climbing high and shouting, raising arms to advocate, doing what the predecessors have not done, and doing what the predecessors have not done, they are heroes who create the situation of the times. There are heroes and then there are times; there are times and then there are heroes. The two go hand in hand to evolve the evolution of the world and material civilization. This is a hero, and the current situation cannot be divorced for a moment, two become one, and one becomes two. However, in ancient and modern times, at home and abroad, there are thousands of people who have been illuminated by history and admired by the people. They are not among the first-class heroes created by the times. I have never seen that many people. Alas! Are heroes not enough to make a difference? To suppress the changes of the times, there is no need for heroes to take charge of the government? I think about it ignorantly, knowing that the times have changed over the centuries, it is irrational and refreshing; cause and effect follow each other, and there is no legacy of a hero. Therefore, Yao and Shun bowed to each other, and Xia Yu finally passed on his son; Jie and Zhou were tyrannical, and Shang and Zhou moved to Zuo. There is the grand deed of Cheng Tang, and there is the arrogance and lewdness of Cheng Youli; there is the separatist rule of the heroes, and the chaos of the Qin Emperor is played out. The scholars are harassing, and the ancestral dragon is wantonly harassing Confucians; the five wild beasts are fighting, and the Central Plains is full of fishy smell. From the time of the Wen Dynasty to the Six Dynasties, the beauty was extremely excessive, which caused the rise and fall of Changli for eight generations. Taoism reached Song and Ming dynasties, judging words and deeds, and Yang Ming used his knowledge to unify. Those who sow misfortunes and sow blessings do not have superhuman strength or unparalleled wisdom, but they are also prompted by the current situation. If so, the heroes created by the times are born, and the unknown heroes are also born with it. Its success is fortunate, and its failure is also appropriate. Even if the Si people do not come out, there will be people who will replace them. It does not mean that Qin has no one.

The heroes of the times are indeed among them, but they are not what I am talking about Xiang Yu and Napoleon. Mr. Fu Er is a weirdo in the world. He has the heart to annex the eight wastelands and has the aura of commanding the wind and clouds; he is brave and surpasses all men, and his wisdom is beyond ordinary people; he is invincible in battles and attacks all; the enemy countries are shocked when they hear about it, and women and children are trembling with fear when they think about it; for a hundred generations, they are still stunned. To be alive is not only to be heroic in one life! This is because his courage is shown outside. If it is related to the progress and retreat of the world and the rise and fall of mankind, it cannot be said in the same way by a momentary hero or a second or third scholar. Even with the dignity of the emperor, the power of religion, and the power of money, nothing can be changed. Therefore, the two clans are what I call the heroes who created the situation. Gai Xiang Yu was born when the Qin Dynasty was in chaos and the world was in a period of silence. The harsh government was cruel to the people, and they could not bear the disturbance. The Guoer Yuyang drum came, shaking the earth. With a raised arms and a call, a swarm of heroes rose up, and the Qin Dynasty was about to be destroyed. But Qin Gu destroyed the six kingdoms and conquered the four seas. After Xian established the six kingdoms, he took it as a call to action and resisted. Xiang Liang, Peigong, then Jingran followed him, and the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period resumed, and the foundation of the separatist rule among the heroes began. People have been depressed for decades. Once they are released, they will take risks and become warlike. In addition, the saints and sages have absolute integrity and do not practice benevolence and righteousness; the superiors cripple their hearts, and the inferiors imitate their actions; they are cruel and harsh, deceitful and deceitful; the folk customs are not ancient, and the folk customs are stolen day by day; if you follow this for a long time, you will be in danger! At this time, Xiang Yu, with his unworldly attitude and unconventional ambition, was excited and made an unprecedented move, knowing that the Central Plains could not be separated. He annexed the heroes to establish the foundation of unification, knowing that Emperor Yi was not enough to make a difference. Abandon Chu and Xiang to promote the success of the emperor's career. To save Zhao Weiyi is to kill the champion of Qingzi and replace him. It is unkind to cheat and kill, and he died at the banquet of Pei Gong at Hongmen. The cauldron sinks the boat, and a piece of wisdom is borrowed from the city. A torch of Afang is a brave way to eliminate the source of disaster. As for Wujiang's suicide, because all eight thousand of his descendants were killed by weapons and could not see their elders in Jiangdong, it would not make sense to die together with them. Concubine Yu's steed is happy and sad, and she is deeply in love. How can Pei Gong see the beauty in the palace and want to live there, and ignore his father's death? He arrogantly pays homage to Han Xin, sees Yingbu, cooks dogs and hides bows, and deceives each other with hypocrisy and deceit! Therefore, the success of Pei Gong was not due to Pei Gong's efforts, but Xiang Yu's ears. Shi Gong's outrageous words show that Xiang Yu is out of fashion. Suppose Yu is like Pei Gong pretending to take over his subordinates in order to show off his subordinates, so how can the people who follow the dragon not go to Yu and join Liu Zai? However, the fact that Yu is not like this also shows that he wants to turn back the declining trend and save the evil ears. The reason why Xiang Yu is Xiang Yu is also the reason why Han Gao became an emperor. As for Napoleon, he was born in a dark age in Europe, with tyrannical monarchy, obscure ideas, no academic description, and little development of craftsmanship. His stupidity was almost worse than that of Qin Dynasty. But if morality is not respected, etiquette and justice will be lost, and it will be overridden. Therefore, the religious experts were worried about this and wanted to revitalize the holy way and use religion to relieve the moral crisis. But people speak lightly, their habits remain the same, and they hold Bibles in their hands, but in the end it will not help the big things. The so-called person who talks about being a sage but acts like a thief is like this. And Nasi appeared on the lonely and unknown island of Corsica as a hero of a hundred generations and a brave man of ten thousand people. Looking into space, we know that force is not enough to change the secular world and enlighten civilization. So I devoted myself to youth, waiting to fly high. After Guo'er came out, Miner Louis was revolutionized before he could count, and he rose to the position of president. He failed to conquer the country externally, and subdued Li Yuan internally. He knew that autocracy could not survive for a long time. Rousseau's civil covenant can be carried forward. Seeing that other countries are indulged in tyranny, equality and freedom are deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. Once the people's thoughts changed, they all gravitated towards the way of patriotism and species preservation, and because there was no one to succeed him, he was supported by the people of the country, became a great treasure, and benefited the Europeans with his thoughts. For example, he loved freedom and equality more than the people at that time. The reason why he abandoned harmony and became autocracy was because of the current situation and he had no choice but to use it as an excuse for future generations. Therefore, the rise of Nazionale is not only dependent on France. The civilization of Europe in the eighteenth century, the expansion of civil rights, and the prosperity of the white race were all closely related to it. As long as there is no such thing as the French Revolution, it will never be delayed. And the empires in Europe will also rush to help the King of Dharma and restore the old business so that the beautiful harmony will not survive in Europe.

The 19th and 20th centuries were still as dark as before, so how could a new civilization flourish as it does today? The changes of the times are caused by the same cause and effect, and they are just gradual. If the overwhelming trend changes in an instant, it will not be like Xiang Yu and Napoleon who did not make contributions. The achievements of these heroes who created the times can only be seen. Not only that, things are not judged by success or failure. The words and deeds of sages and sages were passed down to later generations, but they were mostly invisible at that time. Huolin lamented the loss of the great road; he preached and was ostracized by pagans. Under the bodhi tree, Sakyamuni met. In the lonely mountains, Lao Dan hides himself. But Wujiang committed suicide, and the deserted island was desolate. He lamented his life experience and felt the same sadness. Those with great knowledge will be moved slowly and deeply; those with shallow virtue will only move for a moment. The heroes who created the times are truly beyond the reach of the heroes created by the times. This is why Xiang Yu and Napoleon are the weirdos in the world!

* This article is a composition (according to the manuscript). The editor reviewed and drafted it in 1916. Xiang Yu (232 BC - 202 BC), whose surname was Yu, was born in Xiaxiang (now southwest of Suqian, Jiangsu Province) and was the leader of the peasant uprising army in the late Qin Dynasty. He was a general of Chu. Yu was so brave that he defeated the Qin army and established himself as the overlord of Western Chu. Later, he was defeated and committed suicide in the Chu-Han War. Napoleon (1769-1821), French politician and military strategist. Served as commander-in-chief of the French army. In 1799, he launched a coup and appointed himself the first president of the ruling government. Proclaimed emperor in 1804. He implemented dictatorial rule internally and invaded and expanded externally, successively occupying many countries in Western and Central Europe. In 1812, the attack on Russia failed and its power declined. In 1815, he fought with the British and Prussian forces at Waterloo, was defeated, and was exiled to St. Helena Island in the Atlantic Ocean until he died of illness. A teacher commented at the end of the article: "I made the argument with my heart in mind, and it was very enjoyable. However, the focus of the question is on the two words "good" and "bad", which are not mentioned in the end, and it seems not very appropriate.

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