Chao Lake

1. Lake name

Chao Lake is located in the central part of Anhui Province. It is 54.5 kilometers long from east to west and 21 kilometers wide from north to south. It has a water area of ??about 750 square kilometers. One of the five largest freshwater lakes in my country, it is surrounded by Hefei City, Chaohu City and Lujiang County along its coast.

Chaohu is the largest lake in Anhui, with an area of ??more than 700 square kilometers and a water area of ??9,130 ??square kilometers, including 7,735 square kilometers in hilly areas (accounting for 84.7%) and 612 square kilometers in polder areas ( accounting for 6.7%), and the lake area is 783 square kilometers (accounting for 8.6%).

The main rivers entering the lake are: Nanfei River, Shanpai River, Fengle River, Hangbu River, Baishi Tianhe, Zhaohe, Zhegao River, etc.

These rivers all originate from hilly areas, generally have large water collection areas, short river courses, steep slopes, and fast confluence. After passing through the lakeside polder area, Entering Chaohu Lake, after regulating and storing the lake, it exits the Chaohu Lake Gate, passes through the Yuxi River, and flows into the Yangtze River under the Yuxi Gate.

If the water level of the Yangtze River is too high during the flood season and the Yuxi River is supported by backflow, the Yuxi Gate and Chaohu Gate will be closed to prevent the river from backflow.

The water coming from the rivers around Chaohu Lake depends on Chaohu Lake for storage, and the flood control pressure is very high. In order to alleviate the flood control problems of Chaohu Lake and Yuxi River, the construction of Niutun River flood diversion channel began in the winter of 1986, with a flood diversion volume of 460 ~615 cubic meters per second, and the water level at the mouth of the river is 0.4~0.5 meters lower than the water level at the mouth of Yuxi River. The project has been basically completed.

Thousands of miles across the Yangtze River and Huaihe River, Chaohu Lake is the most beautiful.

The beauty of Chaohu lies not only in its vastness, but also in its rich products, profound cultural heritage and scenic spots spread across both sides of the strait.

There is a wonderful long couplet in the Laoshan Temple in the lake. The first couplet reads: "A hundred and eight miles away, the shapes are extremely varied. I want to cover up the beautiful spring scenery. When the smoke disappears and the rain falls, there are holes in the ceiling above the sparse lattice. In the distance, The second line is: "Thousands of layers of waves are surging. If you don't see the quiet autumn scenery, the wind blows calmly, and you lean against the mountain in the long night, the ice wheel dances all over the floating gold." It highly summarizes Chaohu Lake. The magnificent landscape of the famous lake through the ages.

When you leave the urban area of ??Chaohu, you look up and you will see in front of you the Chaohu Lake that "swallowed Wu and Chu thousands of sails and moved the stars for five nights".

Board the yacht from the branch of the lake and sail westward quickly.

I saw the vast Chaohu Lake, with water and sky connected as far as the eye can see.

There were fishing sails on the lake and fishermen singing. In less than an hour, the Zhong Temple, "the most scenic spot in the lake and sky", was vaguely visible.

The middle temple stands on the red sand rock of Fenghuang Terrace, facing water on three sides.

The temple was built in the second year of Chiwu in the Eastern Wu Dynasty.

After that, it was repeatedly destroyed by war and repaired several times.

It leans against the morning glow, faces the old lady, looks at Chaobo in the east, and Shuxiu in the west. The existing palaces and pavilions were built in the late Qing Dynasty, with more than 70 rooms in three rooms.

"Chaohu Chronicles" describes the Zhong Temple very delicately: "The red temple walls are steep and scattered, and the red traces on the phoenix platform reach directly into the lake, washed by the waves, motionless.

Lake Waves The water flows and sprays out, and the lake tide enters the cave, just like a bell ringing. "Visitors are there, looking up at the tower, with double eaves flying out, and the gray roof like a crown of red phoenixes. The setting sun shines in the west, shining brightly, giving people a sense of wonder. Feeling like flying in the sky.

In the temple, there are plaques on the beams, shrines in the halls, gods and ghosts on the walls, and heavenly soldiers in the corridors.

Tourists praise it as the "peng island on earth", "unique lake and sky", and "cloud-protected fairy altar".

The goddess enshrined in the temple is Bixia Yuanjun.

According to ancient records, “In its heyday, when the spring was sunny and the fireworks looked across each other, to the south of the river and to the north of the river, men and women, old and young, each held incense and recited the Buddha’s name and prayed to the temple, with their shoulders and heels on their backs. Toe joints." Nowadays, when people visit the Zhongmiao, they no longer go to pray for the ethereal God's blessings, but to appreciate the magnificent scenery of the hundreds of miles of Chaohu Lake after work.

Facing the middle temple in the distance is an island on the vast lake: from a distance, it looks like a huge turtle floating on the white-capped lake; from a close look, it looks like an old woman holding her chin and looking at the child. , this is the mythical Laoshan Island.

Legend has it that a long time ago, Chaohu Lake was a basin, and there was a city in the basin called Chaozhou.

One day, a fisherman caught a huge fish and transported it to the city to sell it at a low price.

The whole city rushed to buy fish meat, but an old woman, Grandma Jiao, and her daughter Yu Gu refused to eat.

An old man passed by and said to Grandma Jiao: "This fish belongs to my son. If you, mother and daughter, don't eat it, you will be richly rewarded.

I saw a stone fish with red eyes in the east of the city. It's about to fall." Sure enough, one day soon, Grandma Jiao saw the red eyes of the stone fish at the east gate. She was so worried that she ran through the streets and alleys calling out, asking the people in the city to avoid the disaster, and then she took her daughter with her.

Suddenly there was a loud noise on a sunny day, heavy rain fell, floods flowed across the river, and Chaozhou collapsed.

Grandma Jiao and her daughter were washed away by the turbid waves and drowned.

At the critical moment, Xiao Bailong cast a spell and three mountains grew up from the lake, lifting his mother, daughter and Grandma Jiao's lost shoes out of the water.

In order to praise Grandma Jiao's virtues, later generations named Chaohu Lake Jiaohu Lake, and named the mountains in the lake Laoshan Mountain, Gushan Mountain and Shoeshan Mountain.

When Luo Yin, a writer of the Tang Dynasty, visited Chaohu Lake, he once wrote a poem: "I would like to ask the people about the sinking of the city, which has been thousands of years in the Qin and Han Dynasties."

As the boat approached Laoshan, we saw the lake surrounded by pavilions and floating green islands, like "a green snail on a white silver plate."

Laoshan is the largest and most beautiful island in the center of Chaohu Lake.

It is 1,200 meters long from east to west and 700 meters wide from north to south. The island has one tower, three pavilions, six mountains and nine peaks. It is peaceful and quiet, and the scenery is pleasant all year round.

In the spring of March, the mountains are green, the lakes are melting, the willows are blowing in the spring breeze, and the orioles are flying around, making the mountains and fields interesting.

In the spring of 1964, Guo Moruo visited Chaohu Lake in person and left a calligraphy note: "Looking at the golden waves of Chaohu Lake from a distance, I love my aunt's hair like oil." In the hot summer, Laoshan Mountain is red and green, and the flowers are fragrant. Cool and pleasant.

During the Mid-Autumn Festival, the sky is high and the air is crisp, the lake is turquoise, there are willows, green cattails, and abundant fruits, creating a beautiful scenery.

Sima Guang, the Prime Minister of the Northern Song Dynasty and the compiler of "Zi Zhi Tong Jian", ascended Laoshan and wrote a poem: The lake and island reflect the slight cold, and the lotus leaves connect the water and the sky.

In winter, the mountains are dancing with silver snakes, wrapped in red. There are several feet of ice under the rocks, and the trees are covered with silver flowers, just like a world of glass.

Laoshan Mountain is not only beautiful, but also has many historical sites. When visitors walk on the rugged mountain road, if they step a little heavier, they can hear the echo under their feet. This is the unique "empty valley echo" of Laoshan Mountain.

If you follow the sound, you can find more than 20 caves of different sizes.

The large one can accommodate a hundred people, and the small one can hide more than ten people. The cave is full of rugged rocks and is very dangerous.

After climbing another level, you can admire the Wenfeng Pagoda, an ancient pagoda from the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Wenfeng Pagoda was built on the initiative of Yan Ru, the prefect of Luzhou, in the fourth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty (1631 AD). It had just four floors, but work was stopped due to war.

During the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty (1878 AD), Li Hongzhang advocated donations and commissioned Jiangsu Buyudao and Wu Yufen, a native of Luzhou, to build a third floor and complete it.

When the work was completed, Li Hongzhang inscribed the four characters "Wenguang Shedou" and wrote "Laoshan Pagoda Stele Record" and engraved it on the stone.

The tower is seven stories high, 51 meters high, and has 133 levels. It has a stone-green brick structure with strips and cornices. The octagons face all directions and there are copper bells at the corners. It has a majestic appearance and exquisite structure.

The tower body consists of three parts: the outer wall, the cloister, and the tower core.

When people enter the tower, the doors and stairs are staggered, turning left and right, which is endless fun.

There are inscriptions, poems, or brick Buddha statues around the walls of each floor.

Inside the pagoda are 25 plaques and 802 brick Buddha statues, including "Raise your head to the present day" inscribed by Li Hanzhang, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, and "One pillar of the center" inscribed by Liu Mingchuan, the first governor of Taiwan.

When people stand on the pagoda, they can feel the roar of the wind and the jingling of copper bells, as if they were standing on the clouds.

Leaning against the window and looking into the distance, one can see the vast mist and dotted fishing sails; looking closely at the feet, the two reefs of Gu and Shoe seem to be in the mist.

The full image of Li Hongzhang is inlaid on the pagoda.

Before Li Hongzhang became famous, he benefited from the guidance of his mentor Zeng Guofan. He assembled the Huai army to practice on the lake, and left a majestic seven-character quatrain: "Chao Lake is like waves in an inkstone, holding the hand The solitary mountain serves as an ink mill.

The Laoshan Pagoda is like a pen with a brush, enough to write the eight-line calligraphy of Qingtian. "Not far from the pagoda, there is a temple dedicated to Grandma Jiao in the Spring and Autumn Period.

Red jacarandas and green tiles are hidden among the green pines and cypresses.

Chaohu Lake is beautiful in the morning, the night view is even more beautiful, and Laoshan Mountain is even more charming on a moonlit night.

If it is the night of the third and fifth day of Qingqiu, a bright moon is reflected in the slightly rippled lake, like a jade bead set on the lake. The moonlight, lights, and lakelight complement each other, and the moon shadow, tower shadow, and cloud The shadows melted into one piece, and it was truly a beautiful night scene of "one color of lake light and vast expanse of autumn light".

During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, Zhu Xian, a scholar of Luzhou Prefecture, wrote in the article "Moonlight at Chaohu Lake": "When there is no breeze, the stream of light touches the sky, and the still shadows sink into the green, and people are treated like this god. "Open, the laborer is relieved by this, and it feels like he is in the vast world."

In May 2002, Chaohu Scenic Area in Anhui Province was approved by the State Council to be included in the fourth batch of national scenic spots. .

2. City name

(1) Regional overview

Chaohu City is located in the middle of Anhui Province, bordering the Yangtze River and surrounding Chaohu, one of the five largest freshwater lakes.

It currently governs Lujiang, Wuwei, Hexian, Hanshan counties and Juchao District.

The city has a total area of ??9,423 square kilometers and a total population of 4.5306 million at the end of 2005.

Chaohu has a superior location and convenient transportation.

It is adjacent to Nanjing, Hefei, Anqing, Wuhu, Ma'anshan, Tongling and other cities.

Huainan and Hejiu railways and Hening, Hurong and Hechaowu expressways pass through it.

The Yangtze River flows through Chaohu City for 182 kilometers. The Wuhu-Chaohu Road and Railway Bridge and the Tongling-Chaohu Highway Bridge span the natural chasm of the Yangtze River.

Relying on the Wuhu Zhujiaqiao Foreign Trade Terminal and the two airports of Nanjing and Hefei, you can borrow "ships" to go to sea.

Chaohu is rich in resources.

There are 34 types of mineral deposits that have been discovered, including huge reserves of magnetite, pyrite, alunite, limestone and gypsum ore.

Chaohu is a famous "Land of Fish and Rice", rich in rice, oilseeds, cotton, vegetables, poultry, and aquatic products. The "Three Treasures of Chaohu" (whitebait, white rice, shrimp, and crab) enjoy a high reputation.

Chaohu Lake is a national-level scenic spot. There are more than 130 natural and cultural landscapes in the city. Rivers, lakes, mountains and springs coexist. It is famous for its water. The lake, hot springs and mountains are the "Three Wonders of Chaohu Scenery" .

After the reform and opening up, especially since the 1990s, Chaohu's economic and social development has continued to accelerate, and its comprehensive strength has been significantly enhanced.

The agricultural structure is constantly optimized.

The five counties (districts) are all listed as the major grain and cotton production counties in the country, and have successively entered the ranks of the top 100 grain and oil counties in the country.

"Two waters and one vegetable" (i.e. aquatic products, waterfowl, and vegetables) have developed rapidly, with the output of aquatic products ranking second in the province, and the output of special aquatic products ranking first in the province; poultry has formed more than 20 relatively Large-scale breeding community: with a vegetable area of ??1 million acres, it is an important vegetable production base in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

The industrial economic strength continues to increase.

Pillar industries such as building materials, machinery, textiles, medicine, and food have basically been formed, and there are a number of backbone enterprises with certain strength and scale that occupy a certain position in the same industry inside and outside the province.

Currently, there are 54 large and medium-sized enterprises in the city, including four listed companies: Wanwei High-tech, Chaodong Co., Ltd., Xinli Pharmaceutical and Huaxing Chemical.

The tourism industry is developing rapidly.

Five major caves including Baochan Mountain and Huayang Cave, four national forest parks including Taihu Mountain, and hot spring resorts such as Bantang, Tangchi and Xiangquan have been built.

The city's infrastructure has been significantly improved, and its comprehensive supporting functions have been significantly enhanced, winning the title of "National Hygiene Advanced City".

Since the establishment of a city, Chaohu has carried out activities to emancipate the mind and optimize the environment for six consecutive years, carried out the opening-up year activities for four consecutive years, actively implemented policies to encourage foreign investment, and established city, county (district) administrative The service center, a three-level administrative service network of cities, counties and townships, implements "one-stop" services and "one-stop" investment approval procedures.

Create a good government environment, entrepreneurial environment and living environment.

In order to achieve the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way, Chaohu City, with the theme of accelerating development, enriching the people and strengthening the city, based on its location, resources and other advantages, accelerated the construction of "four bases and one back garden", that is, building a coastal It is a base for undertaking gradient transfer of industries and capital spillover in developed areas, a base for supplying high-quality agricultural products, a base for exporting high-quality labor services, a base for transforming technological achievements of scientific research institutes in surrounding large and medium-sized cities, and a "back garden" for tourism in surrounding cities.

Chaohu is moving towards the goal of a modern lakeside city with economic prosperity, social civilization, beautiful environment, and coordinated urban and rural development.

(2) Administrative divisions

Chaohu City is located in the central part of Anhui Province. The city governs 4 counties, 1 district, 65 towns, 5 townships, and 6 street offices.

The city has a total area of ??9,423 square kilometers and a total population of 4.65 million.

Juchao District has an area of ??2,082 square kilometers, a population of 860,000, and a postal code of 238,000. The District People’s *** is located on Dongfeng Road, and has jurisdiction over 11 towns, 1 township, and 6 street offices.

11 towns: Huailin Town, Huanglu Town, Banlanji Town, Suwan Town, Xiage Town, Sanbing Town, Yinping Town, Zhegao Town, Bazhen Town, Xunyang Town, Zhongyang Town Longzhen.

1 township: Miaogang Township.

6 sub-district offices: Bantang Sub-district Office, Yafu Sub-district Office, Tianhe Sub-district Office, Fenghuangshan Sub-district Office, Woniushan Sub-district Office, Zhongmiao Sub-district Office.

Lujiang County has an area of ??2,352 square kilometers, a population of 1.3 million, and a postal code of 231500. The county people’s *** is located in Lucheng Town, and has jurisdiction over 17 towns.

17 towns: Lucheng Town, Yefushan Town, Tangchi Town, Nihe Town, Baishan Town, Shengqiao Town, Tongda Town, Jinniu Town, Shitou Town, Guohe Town, Wanshan Town , Luohe Town, Leqiao Town, Ketan Town, Baihu Town, Longqiao Town, Fanshan Town.

Wuwei County has an area of ??2,433 square kilometers, a population of 1.39 million, and a postal code of 238300. The county people’s *** is located in Wuwei Town, and has jurisdiction over 19 towns and 4 townships.

19 towns: Wucheng Town, Tanggou Town, Dougou Town, Baimao Town, Shijian Town, Shushan Town, Niubu Town, Kaicheng Town, Yanqiao Town, Erba Town, Xiang'an Town, Gaogou Town, Yaogou Town, Hongmiao Town, Hedian Town, Quantang Town, Fudu Town, Liudu Town and Nicha Town.

4 townships: Kunshan Township, Hongxiang Township, Shilitun Township, and Hemao Township.

Hanshan County has an area of ??1,047 square kilometers, a population of 450,000, and a postal code of 238100. The county people’s *** is located in Huanfeng Town and has jurisdiction over 8 towns.

8 towns: Xianzhong Town, Lintou Town, Yuncao Town, Tongzha Town, Taochang Town, Huanfeng Town, Qingxi Town, and Zhaoguan Town.

He County has an area of ??1,412 square kilometers, a population of 650,000, and a postal code of 238200. The county people’s *** is located in Liyang Town and has jurisdiction over 10 towns.

10 towns: Liyang Town, Shenxiang Town, Baiqiao Town, Xiangquan Town, Xibu Town, Shiyang Town, Laoqiao Town, Gongqiao Town, Wujiang Town, and Shanhou Town.

(3) Historical evolution

In June of the 38th year of the Republic of China, the Wanbei Administrative Office established the Chaohu Commissioner's Office, located in Chao County, with jurisdiction over Chao County, Wuwei County, Lujiang County, Feidong County, Feixi County, Hanshan County, He County, Sanhe City, Chaohu Water Public Security Bureau.

In March 1950, Sanhe City was merged into Feixi County.

In January 1952, the two Commissioner's Offices of Chaohu and Xuancheng merged to form the Wuhu Commissioner's Office. Chao County, Wuwei County, Lujiang County, He County, and Hanshan County were placed under the Wuhu Commissioner's Office.

In July 1958, Lujiang County was placed under the Liu'an Commissioner's Office; in August, Chao County was placed under Hefei City.

In November, He County and Hanshan County were placed under Ma'anshan City; in December, He County and Hanshan County were merged into Hehan County.

In April of the following year, Hehan County was again placed under the Wuhu Special Administration.

In May, Hehan County was divided into Hexian County and Hanshan County.

In April 1961, Chao County was separated from Hefei City and remained under the Wuhu Administration.

In May 1965, with the approval of the State Council, the Chaohu Commissioner's Office was resumed on July 25 of the same year. It administered Chao County Chengguan and administered Chao County, Wuwei County, Lujiang County, Feidong County, and Hezhou County. County, Hanshan County and 6 counties.

In March 1971, the Chaohu Commissioner's Office was renamed the Chaohu District Administrative Office.

In July 1983, Feidong County was placed under the jurisdiction of Hefei City.

On January 4, 1984, with the approval of the State Council, Chao County was removed from the county and renamed Chaohu City (county level). It is still under the jurisdiction of the Chaohu District Administrative Office.

On July 9, 1999, with the approval of the State Council, on August 5, the provincial government approved the abolition of the Chaohu region and county-level Chaohu City, and established the prefecture-level Chaohu City. The people's government of prefecture-level Chaohu City Located in Qingnian Road, Juchao District, newly established.

The original county-level Chaohu City was changed to Juchao District, and the administrative area of ??the original county-level Chaohu City was the administrative area of ??Juchao District. The district people's office was located on Dongfeng Road.

Chaohu City governs Wuwei County, Lujiang County, Hanshan County, He County and the newly established Juchao District in the original Chaohu area, and implements the city-led county and district system.

On December 29, 1999, the First Congress of Chaohu City of China concluded, and the Chaohu City Committee of *** was elected.

On January 19, 2000, the First People's Congress of Chaohu City concluded, and the first municipal-level state power organization was established.

On January 20, 2000, the prefecture-level Chaohu City held an unveiling ceremony on Qingnian Road, Juchao District. ***Chaohu Municipal Party Committee, Chaohu Municipal People’s Congress Standing Committee, Chaohu Municipal People’s ***, Chaohu Municipal Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference Committee, ***Chaohu City Discipline Inspection Committee was unveiled.