Kunming, the capital of Yunnan Province, has a history of more than 2,4 years. It is the center of politics, economy, culture, science and technology and transportation in Yunnan Province, and is also a famous historical and cultural city and an excellent tourist city in China.
Kunming is located in the central part of Yunnan province, with a total area of 21,6 square kilometers, and governs Panlong, Wuhua, Guandu, Xishan, Dongchuan and Anning, as well as Chenggong, Jinning, Fumin, Yiliang, Gaoming, Shilin, Luquan and Xundian.
The terrain in Kunming is high in the north and low in the south, and the elevation of most areas is between 1,5 and 2,8 meters. The highest point of Jiaozi Mountain in Luquan County is 4247 meters above sea level, and the lowest point of Xiaojiang River in Dongchuan District flows into the Jinsha River at an altitude of only 695 meters, and the city center is 1891 meters above sea level. The urban area is located in the north of Dianchi Basin, surrounded by mountains on three sides, bordering Dianchi Lake in the southwest, with beautiful lakes and mountains, which is naturally interesting and has a good spatial environment.
There are mountains and lakes in Kunming. There are two main mountain ranges. The two mountain ranges are mainly north-south, and the remaining veins enter the urban area, becoming Jinma Mountain, Biji Mountain and Snake Mountain. Lakes include Dianchi Lake and Yangzonghai Lake, and rivers include Panlong River, Mantichuan River and Pudu River. Dianchi Lake, located in the southwest of Kunming City, is the largest plateau lake in Yunnan Province and the sixth largest freshwater lake in China. Dianchi Lake has beautiful scenery and many places of interest along the lake, and is known as the "Pearl of the Plateau".
Kunming belongs to the monsoon climate of low latitude plateau mountains. Because it is located in the west of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, with low latitude and high altitude, there are mountains such as Wumeng Mountain in the north as natural barriers to block the cold air from the south. The whole region is mostly affected by the warm and humid air flow from the southwest of the Indian Ocean, and the plateau lakes Dianchi Lake and Yangzonghai adjust the temperature and humidity, forming a pleasant climate like spring in four seasons. The annual average temperature is 14.5℃, the hottest month average temperature is 19.7℃, the Leng Yue average temperature is 7.5℃, and the annual average sunshine hours are more than 2,4 hours. The average annual precipitation is about l35. Due to the suitable temperature and humidity, long sunshine, short frost period, good visibility, perennial flowers and evergreen vegetation, it is known as the "Spring City" in the world.
Kunming is rich in natural resources. Mineral resources mainly include phosphorus, salt, iron, titanium, coal, quartz sand, bauxite and silica, among which phosphorus, salt and iron ore are the most abundant. The reserves of phosphate rock rank first among the seven largest phosphate rocks in China, with a total reserve of 4.6 billion tons and high grade, most of which can be mined in open pit. Salt mine reserves rank second in inland salt mines in China, with a total reserve of about 13.8 billion tons. Bauxite, quartz sand and titanium ore are rich in reserves, which are the minerals with great development potential in Kunming. There are more than 5 exposed hot springs in the city, including 3 hot springs with a temperature above 6 degrees.
Kunming enjoys superior natural conditions for planting flowers, and there are many kinds of flowers, which do not fade in all seasons. It enjoys the reputation of "flowers bloom all the year round" and is a famous "flower flower" in China. There are more than 4 kinds of flowers, and more than 18 kinds are common. Camellia, Rhododendron, Magnolia, Orchid, Primula and Lily are known as the six famous flowers in Kunming. Camellia, in particular, is well-known. Since ancient times, it has been known as "Yunnan Nanshan Tea is the best in the world". Camellia is designated as the city flower of Kunming.
Kunming traffic
Yunnan is mountainous, and traffic has always been a difficulty for Kunming. But with the development and progress of the city, traffic is no longer an insurmountable peak.
external traffic
air
Kunming Wujiaba Airport is located in the south of Kunming city, only 5 kilometers away from the city center. It is the nearest airport to the urban area among large and medium-sized cities in China so far. At present, the airport has opened 48 routes, including many domestic and international routes to Hong Kong and Macao, especially to big cities like Shanghai and Beijing, and there are also several direct flights to Dali, Lijiang, Zhongdian, Xishuangbanna, Zhaotong, mangshi, Simao and Baoshan in the province. If you don't want to delay a lot of time on the way, flying is a good choice.
Tielu
There are four railway stations in downtown Kunming: Kunming North Railway Station, Kunming Railway Station, Kunming East Railway Station and Kunming West Railway Station. Access to all parts of the country and across the border to Hanoi. The railways in the province have opened routes from Kunming to Shilin, Yuxi and Dali. Outside the province, there are Guiyang-Kunming, Chengdu-Kunming and Nanning-Kunming railways, as well as railways abroad.
However, the terrain in Yunnan is more complicated, and it will take a long time to take the train. If you want to enjoy the scenery along the way by train, it will also add some fun to the journey.
public roads
The road traffic in Kunming is very convenient. There are roads leading to the province, outside the province, Vietnam, Myanmar and other countries. There are also many bus stops in Kunming. There are 7 long-distance passenger stations in Kunming, namely Kunming Bus Station, East Station Passenger Center, Shuanglong Passenger Center, Panjiawan Passenger Center, Kunming Bus Suburb Passenger Center, North Station Passenger Center and Provincial Tourism Bus Company's Special Line Station.
Kunming Bus Terminal mainly sends inter-provincial buses to all parts of the province and Sichuan, Guizhou and Guangxi;
the east station passenger transport center mainly sends to the northeast of Yunnan;
The bus terminal of Kunming West Railway Station is mainly passenger cars heading for the west of Yunnan;
The Ssangyong Passenger Transport Center is dominated by long-distance buses to Qujing and Dongchuan.
Panjiawan Passenger Transport Center is mainly a long-distance bus bound for Xiongan and western Yunnan.
There are many buses to Dali every day in Kunming West Railway Station and South Railway Station Square.
internal transportation
buses
buses in Kunming can be said to extend in all directions, with 5 lines covering almost all parts of the city. The main streets, scenic spots and suburbs are accessible, and most of the cars are sold without tickets. The fare is 1 yuan, and the double-decker bus is also 1 yuan. Generally, the early bus is from 6: to 6: 3, and the last bus is from 22: to 22: 3.
Taxis
Taxis in Kunming start from 5 yuan in the urban area and start from 3 yuan in some suburban counties. Generally, Santana, Jetta, Hongqi, etc. are in the car model, and the starting price for 3 kilometers is 8 yuan, and the price for each kilometer is 1.2 yuan (the starting price after 1 pm is 9.6 yuan and 2.7 yuan/kilometer). Xiali bus, etc., within 3km of 7 yuan, then 1.6 yuan/km (starting price after 1pm is 9.6 yuan, 2.4 yuan/km).
car rental
if you want to visit around the city, you can choose to rent a car. Ordinary Xiali car 3 yuan/day, 18 yuan/half a day, deposit 1, yuan, no mileage limit; It takes 35 yuan/day to rent a Santana, and the mileage is limited within 2 kilometers. The vehicle insurance premium has been included in the rental fee, and the tolls and fuel costs are self-care. If the mileage is exceeded, 1 yuan will be added for each kilometer, and there are cheaper yueda Kia 2 yuan/day and Changhe 12 yuan/day.
In addition, if you rent a driver for 5 yuan/day (food and accommodation are not included), it is suggested that you rent it together with the driver, so that you can pay less deposit (5-1 yuan with the driver's deposit), and the driver can also serve as a tour guide, so as to avoid detours during the tour.
Bicycles
There are many places for renting bicycles in Kunming. General 2 yuan/hour, 1 yuan/day. Deposit old car 2 yuan, new car 4 yuan. Kunming city is not too big, and cycling around the city is economical, convenient and environmentally friendly.
the history of Kunming
the economic and social development in Kunming has a long history. It is closely related to the formation and evolution of Dianchi Lake. According to archaeology, at least 3, years ago, the ancient "Kunming people" thrived in Dianchi Lake area, where they lived a primitive life of eating and drinking blood and living in caves. 12, years ago, the residents around Dianchi Lake began to grow rice and entered the primitive agricultural period. About 4, to 7, years ago, there were settled agricultural nationalities in Dianchi Lake, engaged in "slash and burn" primitive agriculture and various business activities such as fishing, hunting, collecting and raising livestock and poultry, and were able to spin and weave. 28 years ago, the area around Dianchi Lake had entered the Bronze Age. In the pre-Qin period, all clans and tribes in Dianchi Lake area were dominated by the Yi nationality and belonged to the Bianqiang language family. Some of them crossed the Jinsha River from Vietnam (now the west of Sichuan) and entered the Dianchi Lake area in the south, where they merged with the local Dai and Dai clans such as Pu and Liao. The Shang dynasty followed the Xia system, and the Zhou dynasty combined its beams with harmony. During the Warring States Period, in the 3rd century BC (298-277 BC), Zhuang Huan, a general of the State of Chu, led his troops into Dianchi Lake, allied with the local tribes of the Hui nationality, and established a "Dian Kingdom" dominated by the Hui nationality, calling himself the "King of Dian".
in 221 years ago, China was unified by the Qin dynasty. At that time, the ethnic minorities in the southwest frontier were called "Southwest Yi". Qin established an autocratic centralized system, promoted the county system throughout the country, and began to develop the southwest region. Counties were set up in Yelang, Yunnan and Qiongdu, and officials were sent to govern. In 19 BC (the second year of Yuanfeng in the Western Han Dynasty), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty came to Yunnan with a large army, and successively conquered the tribes of Laoru and Mimo in the northeast of Dianchi Lake, and the king of Yunnan was forced to surrender. The Han Dynasty set up Yizhou County with Dianchi Lake as the center, and the county government and Dian Wang's resident were near Jincheng today. The Tang Dynasty was founded in 617 AD, and 92 states were established in Yunnan. Dianchi Lake area is the main part of 92 states. In 618 AD (the first year of Wude in Tang Gaozu), the Tang Dynasty appointed cuan clan's son, Xian Hongda, as the secretariat of Kunzhou, governing the county, and the governing office was still located in Yining City. In the middle of Tang Dynasty, the Montessori forces rose in Erhai area and established Nanzhao State. In 746-747 AD, the Montessori Piro Pavilion marched in peace and conquered cuan clan. The development of Tuodong City laid the foundation for the urban development of ancient Kunming. In 937 AD, kingdom of dali seized Nanzhao regime, established Dali State, unified Yunnan, and set up a government on the basis of expanding Dongcheng. The government follows Tuodong City. In 1253 (the third year of Yuan Xianzong), the Yuan army captured Yunnan. In 1276 (13th year from Yuan Shizu to Yuan Dynasty), after Saidian ruled Yunnan, it set Kunming County as the land of Zhongqing Road (the name of Kunming began here) and moved the administrative center from Dali to Kunming. After the Ming Dynasty marched into Yunnan in 1381 (the 14th year of Hongwu), it changed the administrative division of "Lu" level in Yuan Dynasty into a mansion, imitated the organizational system of the mainland, and set up the Yunnan Department of Undertaking and Propaganda and the Department of Commanding and Making. Yunnan provincial government, government government and Kunming county government are located in Kunming city. In the fifteenth year of Hongwu, the city of Kunming was built, which was made of bricks. It was about 9 miles around and nearly 3 feet high. There were six gates, a moat outside the city, and boats could sail on the river. In the Qing dynasty, the establishment followed the Ming system, and Kunming was still governed by Yunnan Province and Kunming County, and the scale of the city did not exceed the scope of the Ming Dynasty.
In the late Qing Dynasty, after the Duck-Piece War, especially after the Sino-French War in 1885 (the 11th year of Guangxu), imperialist forces such as France and Britain quickly invaded Yunnan. In 195 (the 3th year of Guangxu), the Qing Dynasty turned Kunming into a commercial port. Yunnan Machinery Bureau, founded in 1884 (the tenth year of Guangxu), became the beginning of modern industry in Kunming. In 1911, following the Wuchang Uprising, Kunming people held the Double Ninth Uprising, which overthrew the feudal rule of the Qing Dynasty. In 1915, the flag of protecting the country was raised for the first time, and the national defense army was formed to discuss Yuan. In 1926, the Yunnan Provincial Working Committee of China * * * production party, headed by the martyr Wang Desan, was established.
on December 9, 1949, Yunnan was peacefully liberated. In March 195, the People's Liberation Army of China entered Kunming and established the Martial Management Committee. The urban area is taken over according to the original organizational system of eight districts, and cities and districts are established.
Festival Celebrations in Kunming
All ethnic minorities living in Kunming have their own festivals, and unique ethnic customs have formed another scenic spot in Kunming. Here are some famous national festivals:
> > Yi Torch Festival
Every year on June 24th of the lunar calendar, the Yi people will be held in Shilin County. In addition, although many Yi people in Wenshan live in different places, the annual Torch Festival with their own national characteristics will definitely be held.
According to the Yi solar calendar, June 24th is the most correct day of the sun's orbit. At noon, people can't see their own shadow when the sun shines on them, so this day is regarded as a festive day.
during the festival, villages and villages kill chickens and sheep to prepare delicacies. On this day, men, women and children put on costumes and gather at designated venues to hold bullfighting, wrestling and other activities during the day. At night, torches are lit. People gather in groups in the square and pile many torches into fire towers, sitting around the bonfire, singing and dancing, and it is full of joy.
> > Yi hunting festival
Every year from the first day to the third day of the second lunar month, Yi hunting festival is held in Jiuxiang area. During the festival, Yi people also hold various folk activities, such as dancing the big three-stringed instrument, dancing the yueqin, taking the whip as the overlord, singing love songs in pairs, bullfighting and other competitions.
There is also a folklore about the Jiuxiang Yi People's God Hunting Festival. It is said that in the distant flood years, Fuxi and Nu Wa were guided by the gods to avoid this disaster, married and lived by hunting. Their flesh and blood were meatballs and blood balls, so they cut the meatballs into 9 pieces to become 9 sons, and cut the blood balls into 1 pieces to become 1 daughters. Thus, human beings have survived to this day.
> > Jindian Temple Fair
The Jindian Temple Fair is held in Jindian Park on the ninth day of the first lunar month every year. At that time, there are all kinds of famous local products and flavor foods in the market, and the gardens are full of flowers, accompanied by large-scale mass cultural activities.
> > March 3rd
Every year, the third day of the third lunar month is a festival for Kunming people to have a spring outing, enjoy flowers and go for an outing. At that time, it will be especially lively in Xishan Scenic Area, Guanyin Mountain, Jindian and Zoo.
> > The Sani honey festival
is a festival to invite the honey gods in Shilin County and Maitreya County in February or October of the lunar calendar every year, which is called "honey festival". A group ritual activity reflects the legacy of matriarchal clan. It is considered as the only "Men's Day" in our country.
> > Songkran Festival
Generally, Songkran Festival is held in the middle of April in Gregorian calendar and June in Dai calendar. The first day of the Songkran Festival is called "wrist mulberry", which means New Year's Eve, and the last day is called "wrist paw horse", which means "the day when the king of days comes", which is New Year's Day. The middle days are called "wrist brain", which means "empty day" On the day of the festival, people pick fresh flowers and green leaves to worship in Buddhist temples, and conduct a series of Buddhist activities such as listening to Buddhist scriptures. After that, mass water splashing activities really began. Young men and women splash water on each other for fun, and they splash it on everyone.
> > Yuetiao
Yuetiao of Buyi nationality is actually a marriage custom of Buyi nationality. Every year from February 13th to 15th, Buyi people have a grand "shopping" activity. In the evening, the bustling crowd flocked to the venue. A venerable old man walked around the venue three times and stood a flower in the center of the venue. Then, three strong men rode along the trail of the old man, but the circle around the strong men was much larger than that of the old man. The circle drawn by the strong men is a "song and dance enclosure", where people can enter and have fun together, while the small circle centered on Citigroup of the old man is a place for men and women to talk about love, which belongs to the "no admittance for idle people" area, where unmarried men and women sing and dance, look at each other under the moon and carefully examine each other until they find their favorite object.
Shopping in Kunming Shopping Mall
Kunming has everything of a modern city. There are many commercial buildings, shopping centers, specialty stores and large supermarkets in the city.
shopping in Kunming is very convenient and relaxing. The distance between the shopping malls in the city is close, and the commercial areas are relatively concentrated. Qingnian Road, Dongfeng Road and Zhengyi Road are all good shopping areas. The Shangyi Street Flower Market in Kunming is very famous, and flowers can be sold by the catty. The flower and bird market in Jingxing Street not only sells flowers and birds, but also has a large number of ethnic handicrafts.
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