For example, a multinational company invented a new technology, and then the technology was copied or learned by competitive enterprises, which shows that competitive enterprises combined their own research and development into research results similar to those of multinational companies. After a period of time, all products and services in the relevant market will embody this technology, so the interests of users of these products or services will be external, because the enterprises that realize or produce benefits compete with the enterprises that produce technology, that is, technology has a spillover effect.

The expenditure of developing countries on high-tech research and development is much smaller in both relative and absolute figures. Therefore, it is obvious that the technology spillover from developed countries to developing countries has a great influence on the development of developing countries, and this technology spillover is mainly realized through multinational companies.

The so-called technology spillover refers to the conscious or unconscious transfer or dissemination of advanced technology owners in trade or other economic activities, including international technology spillover, domestic technology spillover, inter-industry technology spillover and intra-industry technology spillover.