Han Yu was lonely at the age of three and was raised by his brother and sister-in-law. In his early years, he was displaced and had a hard life. He had the ambition to study the world. Although he is lonely and poor, he studies hard. At the age of 20, I went to Chang 'an to take the Jinshi exam, but I failed the third exam. At the age of 25 ~ 35, he was a scholar first, and all three attempts to understand Hongci failed. He went to Jin Dong in Bianzhou and Zhang Jianfeng in Xuzhou as shogunate generals. Later, he returned to Beijing as a doctor from four universities. 36 ~ 49 years old, as a supervisor of the empire, please reduce taxes and demote Yangshan order because of drought and famine. Xian zong returned to the north as a doctor of the country, tired of being an official for the right illegitimate son of the prince, but failed. 50 ~ 57 years old, first recruited Wu Yuanji from Pei Du, and then transferred to assistant minister of punishments. Because of remonstrance, the Buddha's bones greeted, and Chaozhou's secretariat fell. Move to Yuanzhou. Soon after, he returned to North Korea, and successively served as a wine festival, assistant minister of the Ministry of War, assistant minister of the Ministry of Official Affairs, and Beijing. More successful politically. Poetry strives to be novel, bold and imposing.
Literary achievements
Han Yu was an essayist and poet in the Tang Dynasty, and Liu Zongyuan was an advocate of the ancient prose movement. In order to rectify the old order and revitalize Taoism, he advocated learning ancient prose and writing ancient prose to publicize the ancient road. His requirements for the creation of ancient Chinese prose are: "to be benevolent, to enter and leave", "to speak in sequence" (Nanyang Fan Shaoshu's epitaph), "to speak in deed" (to answer Li Yixin) and "to learn its meaning without learning its words" (to answer Liu Xin). Due to his loyalty to ancient Chinese prose, his works are quite fruitful, such as Yuan Yi, Xue Jie, Preface to Li Yuan Pangu, Preface to Meng Dongye, Miscellaneous Notes, Sacrifice to Twelve Lang, Postscript to Zhang Zhongcheng's Biography, etc. In poetry, he highly praised Chen Ziang, Li Bai and Du Fu, and was one of the representatives of Han Meng's poetry school. His poems, whether reflecting current events or describing the political frustration and personal experiences of middle and lower-class literati, are very distinctive, such as Bianzhou Rebellion, Zhang presented to the second official in Mid-Autumn Festival, The Story of the Stone, Moving Left to Languan to Show Grandnephew, Old Ambassadors of Twelve Houses Send Tongguan First, and Eighteen Members of Zhang Shui Department in Early Spring. Ancient poetry is often large-scale and magnificent. In order to correct the mediocrity and familiarity of Dali's poetry, he explored a new way of poetry development. But for example, Luhun Mountain Fire, Nanshan Mountain, Shigu Song, Eclipse and so on. Deliberately collecting dangerous monsters is too scattered and argumentative, which is detrimental to poetry. For details about his life, see the book of the new Tang dynasty (volume 176).
In the theory of literary creation, he believes that Tao (that is, benevolence and righteousness) is the purpose and content, and literature is the means and form, emphasizing that literature carries Tao, literature and Taoism are integrated, and Tao is the main one. He advocated the study of ancient Chinese prose in the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties and obtained the works of Zhuang Zhou, Qu Yuan, Sima Qian, Sima Xiangru and Yang Xiong. It advocates that the past should not be forgotten, and that the future should be a teacher, innovating on the basis of inheritance, and that "words must come out" and "words must be done". Pay attention to the writer's moral cultivation, and put forward the theory of nourishing qi, "If qi is strong, short words and high voices are appropriate" (answer to Li Yishu). Put forward the argument that "injustice makes noise". It is believed that the author's injustice to reality is the reason for deepening his works. In the style of his works, he emphasizes "strangeness" and takes strangeness as good.
Han Yu's prose and poetry creation realized his own theory. His works in various genres, such as Fu, Poetry, Argumentation, Saying, Biography, Recording, Ode, Praise, Book, Preface, Mourning, Inscription, Form, Form and Writing, have all made outstanding achievements.
Essays occupy an important position in Han Wenzhong. The novellas that focus on respecting Confucianism and opposing Buddhism include The Original Road, The Buddha's Bone Table, The Original Nature, The Teacher's Commentary and so on. Most of them are well organized, well organized. Miscellaneous essays such as Miscellaneous Notes and Enlightenment satirize the current social situation, with clever metaphors and profound implications; Novels, such as "Sending Poor Articles" and "Learning Solutions", adopt the form of question and answer, with humorous strokes, strange ideas and sharp edges. Literary thoughts and writing experience are diverse in genre, changeable in writing style, fantastic in image and exquisite in theory. Narrative occupies a large proportion in Han Wenzhong. Scholars who study classics, such as Pinghuai Xibei, use the styles of Shangshu, Ya and Fu, which are large in length and heavy in sentences. Ji Hua directly tells many characters, and its writing style is beyond Shangshu Gu Ming and Zhou Li's Examination of Gong Ji Zi's Rule of Man. Inherit the tradition of historical prose in Historical Records, such as the famous Biography of Zhang Zhongcheng, which combines narration, discussion and lyric in one furnace. Draw lessons from Historical Records and Hanshu to portray vivid and strange characters without discussion, such as the epitaph of Wang Jun in Dali and the epitaph of Zhang Jun in Qinghe. Memorizing literary friends can highlight the characteristics of different writers, such as Epitaph of Liu Zihou, Epitaph of Nanyang Fan Shaoshu and Epitaph of Mr. Yao Zhen. But in a large number of tombstones and epitaphs, Han Yu also wrote some works that "despised the tomb", which was already ridiculed at that time.
Odes in lyric articles, such as Ode to Twelve Lang, are written in prose, which breaks through the routine of four rhymes. One kind writes about friendship between friends and hardships in life, with four rhymes, such as Henan Foreign Language and Liu Zihou. In addition, a wild letter with Meng Dongye and a preface to seeing Yang off are also masterpieces with certain appeal. Han Yu's other essays, such as Biography of Mao Ying and Preface to Ding Shilian's Poems, are completely fictional and close to legendary novels. Han Yu's prose is vigorous, ingenious, clever and metaphorical, or mysterious, or solemn, with diverse artistic characteristics; Sweep away the gentle and charming style of writing since the Six Dynasties.
He is good at sublating the language of his predecessors and refining the spoken language at that time, such as "flying as a dog" ("seeing poverty"), "doing different things together" and "taking everything" ("learning to understand"), which are widely used in Han Wenzhong. He advocated "preface", created a written prose language extracted from spoken language, and expanded the expressive function of classical Chinese. But he also has an embarrassing sentence. The self-assertion that "it is impossible to do things in good times and entertain yourself" ("Sending the Poor") has a certain influence on future generations. Han Yu is also a famous poet, whose artistic characteristics are mainly strangeness, heroism and strangeness. For example, Lu Hun's Rhyme of Mountain Fire and Huangfu, Poem of Eclipse, Yuchuan Self-made, etc. have strange and profound contents. Nanshan's poems, Yueyang Tower's four ambitions of fighting, Meng Dongye's lost son, etc. Very spectacular. However, while pursuing strangeness, Korean poetry tends to fill unfamiliar words and rhymes. Han Yu also has an unpretentious poem. Korean poetry is ancient and short, but there are also excellent quatrains. For example, in the Seven Laws, I moved to Languan to show my grandnephew, Answering Zhang's Eleven Palace Exercises, Titing Yiliang, Sending Zhang's Twelve Pavilions to Tongguan and Titing Chu Zhao Wang Dian, etc.
Later generations spoke highly of Han Yu and respected him as the first of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. Du Mu juxtaposes Korean with Du Shi, which is called "Du Han Shi Bi". Su Shi called him "the decline of eight generations of literature." The ancient prose movement advocated by Liu Han opened up the development path of ancient prose since the Tang Dynasty. Korean poetry strives for novelty, emphasizing momentum and originality. Taking prose as poetry, Han Yu introduced the new language, rules and techniques of ancient China into the poetry circle, which enhanced the expressive function of poetry, expanded the field of poetry, and corrected the mediocre poetic style since Dali (766 ~ 780). However, it also brings some bad habits, such as stressing talent and learning, being judgmental and pursuing adventure. In particular, the theory of taking discussion as poetry, even all discussion, and taking poetry as rhyme has had a bad influence on poetry after the Song Dynasty.
Among the ancient books of Han Dynasty, Wei Huaizhong's Collection of Works of Mr. Changli of the Five Hundred Music School in Southern Song Dynasty and Waiji are the best. The most popular editions are The Collection of Mr. Changli, The Collection Outside and Legacy (reprinted by Xu Shi Dong in Ming Dynasty). In Qing Dynasty, Gu and Fang Shiju each had a single note on a poem. Qian Zhonglian's Annotation of Han Changli's Poems in the Year is another year's collection of notes. In addition, Jing Yun,, Wang, Shen Qinhan, Fang Cheng, Modern Xu Zhen, etc. The Chronicle of Zi Han written by Hong Xingzu in Song Dynasty is the most detailed. The relevant parts of Zhao Yi's Poems of Oubei, Fang's Zhao Mei and Lin Shu's Korean Studies Law are representative works to comment on his poems.
Edit this article.
Han Yu's prose is rich in content, diverse in forms, clear and concise in language, novel and vivid, which sets a good example for the ancient prose movement. Korean style is unrestrained, full of twists and turns. His prose works can be roughly divided into the following categories:
(1) Essays can be divided into two categories: one is to promote orthodoxy and Confucianism, such as The Original Road, Primitive Nature and Primitive Man; The other kind also has a more or less Ming Dow tendency, but it focuses on reflecting reality and creating dissatisfaction. Moreover, many articles have a kind of anti-vulgar and anti-traditional power, and have a strong emotional tendency in writing, such as the most representative Shi Shuo and Ma Shuo.
2 Essays, compared with essays, essays are more free and casual, long or short, Zhuang or harmonic, and essays vary from thing to thing and have their own uses. For example, "Jin Xuejie" uses questions and answers for irony, and the full text uses rhetoric and prose for comparison and confrontation, so the writing is relaxed and lively. The most famous essays are those that mock reality and have sharp arguments, such as ZaShuo and Huo, which are lively and eclectic in form and have high literary value.
(3) Preface (that is, the gift preface) is concise and ingenious, showing all kinds of feelings about the real society, such as the postscript to Zhang Zhongcheng's Biography, the preface to seeing off Li Pangu and the preface to seeing off Meng Dongye. In addition, Han Yu also showed outstanding material narrative ability in biographies and epitaphs, such as Biography of Mao Ying and Epitaph of Liu Zihou.
④ Biography and lyric prose. Han Yu's biographical prose inherits the tradition of Historical Records, portraying characters in narrative, discussing and expressing emotion just right and skillfully. Zhang Zhongcheng's biography is a famous masterpiece. His lyric poem "Ode to Twelve Lang" is also a unique song in mourning poems, which has a strong lyrical color.
The ideological characteristics of editing this paragraph
Han Yu's thoughts originated from Confucianism, but there were also deviant words. He claimed to be a Confucian orthodoxy, opposed the purity and silence of Buddhism and the superstition of theocracy, but also believed in the fate of ghosts and gods. In the later period, he became very close to the monks and became fascinated. He praised Mencius for expelling Yang Zhu and Mohism, and thought that Yang and Mohism ignored the right path and advocated using Confucius and Mohism. He advocated that Confucius should be king and should be humble and overbearing. But also praised the achievements of Guan Zhong and Shang Yang. He criticized the reform of the two kings group, but he was no different from the two kings in opposing the separatist regime of the buffer region and the eunuch dictatorship. These complex and contradictory phenomena are all reflected in his works.
Educational thought
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Han Yu was a famous writer, thinker and educator in Tang Dynasty.
Han Yu has been engaged in many activities all his life, and there are three main ones that should be mentioned:
The first is the anti-Buddha activity of "Dao Ji drowning in the world". This was the political requirement of consolidating centralization at that time. Han Yu lived in the middle Tang Dynasty after the "An Shi Rebellion" and experienced the reign of Dai, De, Shun, Xian and Five Emperors. The main social contradiction in this period is the contradiction between centralization and local forces in the buffer region. The ruling class realized that only by vigorously improving the political unification status of Confucianism can it form an ideology suitable for the requirements of the feudal ruling class and consolidate its ruling position. Han Yu studied the book of six classics and a hundred schools of thought since childhood, the old Tang book? The biography of Han Yu records: "The more self-righteous you are, the more you learn from Confucianism ..." Answer to Li Yishu says: "The founders dare not look at the harvest of the three generations of Han Dynasty, and the ambition of non-saints dare not exist." It shows that Han Yu's world outlook was formed under the influence of Confucianism since childhood and became a loyal believer of Confucius and Mencius. Ouyang Xiu said: "Han's writing style is respected by the world and spread by the world." Su Shi said: "The decline of the eight generations, the Tao and discipline drowned in the world", "noble and pure." (Chaozhou Hanwen Temple Monument) Han Yu believes that he has made contributions to "rejecting heresy and spurning the Buddha and the old" and reviving Confucianism.
Han Yu's political views are embodied in his original Tao, Primitive Man, Tan Xun, Zhou Confucius Temple Monument and other articles, expressing a set of new Confucian thoughts of loyalty to the monarch, incorruptibility, etiquette and law, and attaching importance to tradition. This is the political theoretical basis and concrete content of his educational thought. His critical spirit in the struggle against Buddhism had a positive impact on education at that time.
The second is the ancient prose movement of "the decline of eight generations". Han Yu advocated ancient Chinese prose with the aim of "writing to convey the Tao". The ancient prose movement advocated Confucianism ideologically. The movement of ancient Chinese prose is lined up in style, and the cliches of obscenity, emptiness and detachment that have prevailed since Wei and Jin Dynasties have established a good style of study for ancient education and teaching. The ancient prose movement is called retro, but it is actually innovation.
The third is educational and teaching activities that complement the above two activities. In the ancient prose movement, Han Yu dared to be a teacher, paying attention to the way of teaching, preaching and teaching to solve doubts. Cultivating the younger generation has also had a good influence on ancient education in China and played a positive role in the formation of fine educational traditions in ancient China.
In addition to teaching in person, Han Yu also criticized the imperial examination system and traditional education, and put forward some valuable views, pointing out that the disadvantages of the imperial examination system at that time were: "those who have points, like and hate from the heart." He realized that talents could not be selected by the imperial examination. At the same time, he also put forward a insightful theory of identifying and cultivating talents, such as in his book Miscellaneous Notes 4? The article "Ma Shuo" puts forward that "there is Bole in the world, and then there is a swift horse; There are always swift horses, but Bole is not always there. In other words, he believes that there are always talents, and the key lies in whether they can be recognized and supported. As long as you are good at identifying and training properly, a large number of talents will emerge.
Han Yu criticized the school education at that time. When I was a doctor in the fourth class, I requested to restore the apprenticeship system in imperial academy and use the school to train talents. When he was a Ph.D. student in Guo Zi, he wrote "Teacher's Theory" and "Understanding of Learning", which advocated respecting teachers and pointing out the road to success. During the national sacrifice, Jesuits were invited as scholars to rectify Chinese studies.
Han Yu wrote Ode to Rural Studies, criticizing the neglect of 9th grade at that time and praising Zheng Zichan for not destroying rural studies. He attached great importance to local education, and when he was a secretariat in Chaozhou, he took out his salary to set up state schools and develop local education.
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Han Yu's educational thought can be summarized as follows: educational teleology put forward to realize the "ancient road"; The theory about the role of education is related to his view of human nature; The "teacher theory" of respecting teachers and valuing morality; Understanding of Learning and its teaching ideas and theories summarized from long-term educational practice.
1, teleology of education
The purpose of education mainly refers to the training goal, that is, the specifications of talents. Educators' political opinions stipulate the standards and requirements for training talents, and political opinions are often his educational purpose.
Han Yu's political proposition is the Confucian way of benevolence and righteousness and the three cardinal guides and six disciplines. His requirements for talent specifications are: loyalty to the monarch, honesty and integrity, and combination of legal system and legal system. To this end, Han Yu expounded the viewpoint of "nourishing qi and calming down" in "University" and further standardized the training objectives. Daxue is one of The Book of Rites, and its status has been improved since Han Yu. In the original way, Han Yu quoted a program from the university: "Those who want virtue in ancient times should rule their country first; If you want to govern your country, you should first get your family together; If you want to reunite with your family, you should first repair your body; If you want to cultivate yourself, you should be upright first; If you want to be right, you must be sincere. " However, "in ancient times, people who are sincere will make a difference." This passage means to take the cultivation of mind as the basis of everything. The purpose of emphasizing "honesty" and "righteousness" is to rule the country and level the world. After the Song Dynasty, Daxue became an independent Confucian classic and was listed as one of the "Four Books".
Han Yu's "honest official" refers to keeping officials clean, keeping politics clear, eliminating all evils and suppressing violence, with the aim of consolidating the political power of feudal countries.
With regard to concurrent ceremony, the ceremony here refers to the feudal hierarchy. "Benevolence" and "courtesy" are two complementary and integrated aspects of Confucianism. Han Yu put ceremony, music, punishment and politics together as the way to govern the country. He is a scholar, a bureaucrat and also in charge of the military. Therefore, on the issue of governing the country, he advocated paying equal attention to Confucianism and law, and paying equal attention to punishment and education.
Rites and music refer to thought, culture and behavior, while criminal administration refers to politics and law, both of which are indispensable.
The "tradition" mentioned by Han Yu is the "Tao" of Confucianism, that is, the feudal hierarchy, ethics and behavior etiquette that embody the "three cardinal principles" and "six disciplines".
Among the above standards, loyalty to the monarch is the core content. Honesty, propriety and tradition are the inevitable requirements for cultivating and implementing loyal monarch. With these qualities, Confucian scholars can rule the country and level the world.
According to the requirements of educational purpose, the content of education is basically political, ideological and moral education, that is, moral education, including the whole set of Confucian theories of benevolence, righteousness and morality; Second, knowledge education, including books, changes, spring and autumn; Third, political education includes ceremony, music and punishment.
2. Theory about the role of education.
The educational function here refers to the role of education in exploring human nature. Educators and thinkers in ancient China all talked about human nature. As far as Confucianism is concerned, Han Yu had the theory of "good nature", "evil nature" and "three products of nature" before. The purpose of their talk about "human nature" is to show that the ruling class is predestined, born as a "ruler", and all beings who work hard are "stupid", "evil" and "rulers".
Han Yu is a theorist of "Three Sexes". He wrote the article "First Sex", expressing his basic views on human nature. He believes that human nature is innate and has moral qualities such as "benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith"; "Sex" is divided into three categories: upper, middle and lower. Top-class people are "good", middle-class people are "educated and up and down" and inferior people are "evil"; He believes that there are emotions besides sex, and emotions are "born of things", including "happiness, anger, sadness, fear, love, evil and desire". Emotions are also divided into three categories. He believes that people with morality can "control" the expression of seven emotions; People with China's personality require moderate emotions, but they often have "something to do" and "something to die", that is, too much and too little, which is inappropriate; People with low self-esteem "act by feeling" and have no control.
Han Yu believes that people with "three products" are fixed within the boundaries of natural "products" and are "immovable" and cannot be transformed into each other. In the interior of "goods", people can be changed through enlightenment and punishment. The function of education is to let sex move in the established character. According to Han Yu's theory of "three qualities of sex", the role of education is bound to be greatly limited if the upper and lower qualities do not move. However, his theory of "temperament" had an influence on Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties.
3. Discussion on teachers' problems
Han Yu's most outstanding contribution in the history of education is his exposition of "teacher". In the year of Zhenyuan 18 in Tang Dezong (AD 802), there was a serious social atmosphere of "being ashamed to follow the teacher". Moreover, this ethos has been circulating for hundreds of years since the Wei and Jin Dynasties, and "it has been unknown for a long time to learn from others". At that time, Han Yugang had just entered imperial academy and was a doctor in four subjects. In the face of this bad atmosphere, in order to save the teacher's way, he not only endured humiliation, but also made a "teacher talk." At that time, Liu Zongyuan commented: "In the absence of a teacher's way, only Han Yu ignored the secular world, laughed and scolded, accepted the move and learned, and wrote" Teacher's Theory ",and became a teacher because of his resistance." The basic spirit of Shi Shuo is consistent with the thought of "writing carries Tao" in the "Ancient Chinese prose movement". Shi Shuo is the first article in the history of education in China that comprehensively discusses the teaching of Tao in theory. Its ideological significance lies in inheriting and developing predecessors' view of teaching, which is original and the essence of Han Yu's educational thought, and provides new and more progressive insights for China's educational history. Although there are only 456 words in Shi Shuo, its subtle thoughts have always influenced educators in past dynasties, and it is a precious educational document in the history of ancient education in China. This is a valuable educational legacy.
The viewpoints discussed in Shi Shuo generally have the following aspects:
(1) Teacher and Tao are closely integrated and inseparable. "Where the Tao is, the teacher is there". This explains the teacher's standards. Consciousness means that a teacher cannot become a teacher without a certain "Tao". "Tao" is the foundation and premise of the existence of teachers, and teachers and Tao are inseparable. We understand "Tao" as a kind of doctrine, belief and ideal, then it is an educational thought that conforms to objective laws. Teachers' social responsibility is inseparable from political beliefs and ideals. Teachers who leave their political beliefs do not exist.
(2) The teacher's task is to preach, teach and dispel doubts. The first sentence in Shi Shuo is that "ancient scholars must have teachers, who preach and teach to solve doubts." In the history of education in China, the responsibility of teachers was discussed completely for the first time. Since Han Yu wrote On Teachers, this exposition has been inspiring teachers to faithfully perform their vocation. The vitality of this argument lies in that Han Yu, to a great extent, reveals the objective truth of teachers' responsibility. By "preaching", Han Yu certainly means spreading the Confucian way, spreading the Confucian way of self-cultivation, governing the country and leveling the world. Teaching refers to the education of Confucian classics and cultural knowledge, such as talking about ancient Chinese and six arts. Solving doubts means that teachers answer students' questions about "Tao" and "industry" in the teaching process. He believes that the above three tasks are closely related, but preaching is the primary task of teachers, preaching is the purpose and direction, and teaching is the process and means of preaching. Third, the orderly discussion of teachers' work has played a role in improving teachers' social status and creating a generation of teachers' style at that time.
(3) "saints are impermanent." Han Yu put forward the view that saints are impermanent teachers in Teacher's Theory, which is an exploration of the relationship between teachers and students. He believes that people, regardless of seniority and seniority, are qualified to be teachers as long as they have the ability to preach and teach. "Disciples don't have to be inferior to teachers, teachers don't have to be superior to disciples, and teaching and learning have priority", and "a threesome must have my teacher" is the ideological origin of Han Yu's "sage impermanence teacher". "I love my teacher, especially the truth" has become a fine tradition in the history of education in China. This incisive conclusion makes the world theory shine.
When expounding the problem of teachers, Han Yu realized the contradictory and unified relationship between "Tao and teacher", "Tao and career" and "teacher and student", which contained the elements of simple materialist dialectics. It is pointed out that teachers should not only be loyal to their ideals and spread the truth, but also learn to have expertise and teach seriously. It is pointed out that teachers should play a leading role, students should learn from competent people and teaching should learn from each other. These excellent opinions not only enrich the educational theory in ancient China, but also inspire us to correctly understand the responsibilities of teachers, politics and business, teaching and educating people, and the relationship between teachers and students today.
4. Teaching discussion.
Han Yu studied hard, served as a university professor several times, recruited many students, and became the mentor of a large number of young people at that time. Therefore, he has rich experience and unique insights in self-study and teaching.
In Teachers' Review, the discussion about teachers' responsibilities and the relationship between teachers and students is a valuable summary of the objective laws of teaching. On the question of how students "enter the school", the first famous saying put forward by Han Yu in "The Strategy of Entering the School" is: "Industry is good at diligence, but play is barren; Everything I have done is thought and destruction. " This is the crystallization of his valuable experience in academic research for many years, and it is also his summary of the academic research experience of his predecessors. Here he asks students to be "proficient" in business and "successful" in virtue, and the only way to achieve proficiency and success is "diligence" and "thinking"; On the other hand, if you loaf around all day and don't study hard, your studies will be wasted. If you don't think carefully casually, your virtue will be ruined. Although these are common truths, they are the rules of success or failure in learning. Han Yu fixed it with clear and vivid language, which had a very beneficial impact on people's learning and ideological cultivation and became people's motto. Since ancient times, people who have made academic achievements are inseparable from diligence and originality. Han Yu's profound attainments in literature depend on these two articles.
Han Yu pays attention to liveliness in teaching methods. He "comments hard, wears out his life, fears imperfections, laughs and sings, which makes people forget their righteousness." Teaching is an emotional art, and Han Yu's deep affection for education is the reason why his teaching is vivid and unconventional.
Han Yu is more insightful in writing teaching. From the point of view of "literature carries Tao", "Hong Wen should be taught by Tao". He believes that "Tao is full of vitality, qi is Wenchang, and the text is in harmony with Tao, and the text is Ming Dow, and the text carries Tao", which is the basic feature of writing. He also believes that writing articles should be singular, concise, vast and overwhelming. His articles are self-contained and form the so-called "Korean" school, which has far-reaching influence.
In a word, Han Yu is a scholar with great ambitions. Throughout his life, he has always taken the world as his responsibility and always pursued the principle of "haste makes waste". It seems that he has been unwilling to be "poor and immune". Therefore, although he suffered several major blows such as being demoted to Yang Shan and being criticized by the tide, he was not discouraged and decadent, and his ambition to serve the country remained undiminished, and he still paid attention to the sufferings of the people. He has a very great and extraordinary side. He has the courage to be the first in the world and dare to speak out. Such as remonstrating Buddha's bones and persuading Wang Ting to join in, are great achievements in history books. Han Yu has been struggling to realize his ideal all his life, and this spirit can be said to be a precious spiritual wealth left to future generations. Han Yu's political morality is the basic content of Confucian mentoring, which makes him a model for a generation. His achievements and talents in literature and philosophy made his educational thoughts shine brilliantly, which opened the precedent of Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties. His educational thought is still full of vitality, which is worth learning, discussing and learning from.