High school classroom experience and summary of learning methods in various subjects

High school:

After students enter high school, their learning has reached a new level. New textbooks and new teaching requirements place difficulties in front of students. Some students did well in junior high school and had very good academic performance. However, after reaching high school, they found themselves very uncomfortable, unable to understand, unable to learn, and even failed in their grades and were given red flags. Why? It’s because I didn’t study according to the characteristics of high school study.

1. Characteristics of high school learning

1. Characteristics of high school textbooks

(1) The amount of knowledge increases in subject categories. High schools are similar to junior high schools, but high schools The amount of knowledge is greater than that of junior high school students. For example, there are about 60 knowledge points in physics and mechanics in junior middle school, while the number of mechanics knowledge points in high school has increased to 90.

(2) Theoretical enhancement This is the most important feature. Some junior high school textbooks only require a preliminary understanding and only conduct qualitative research, while high school requires in-depth understanding and quantitative research. The abstractness and generality of the textbooks are greatly enhanced. For example, junior high school algebra focuses on solving equations and operations, while high school algebra focuses on quite abstract sets and mappings from the beginning. Politics in junior high school is about content related to facts such as law, while high school requires the study of economics. Philosophical things such as Marx's theory are more abstract in comparison.

(3) Systematic enhancement: Due to the enhancement of theoretical nature, high school textbooks often use certain basic theories as the basis, and connect basic concepts, basic principles, and basic methods according to certain logic. constitute a complete knowledge system. The correlation of previous and later knowledge is one of its manifestations. In addition, the formation of knowledge structure is another manifestation, so the knowledge structure of high school textbooks has been significantly upgraded.

(4) Comprehensive enhancement: Knowledge between disciplines penetrates and feeds each other, making learning more difficult. For example, to analyze computational physics problems, you must have knowledge and skills such as mathematical functions and solving equations.

(5) Improvement of ability requirements: Reading ability, writing ability, computing ability, and experimental ability need to be further improved and cultivated.

2. Requirements for the intellectual development of high school students

Intelligence is generally considered to include observation, memory, thinking ability and imagination, which requires corresponding development of the intelligence of high school students.

(1) When observing things, we must be more purposeful, more comprehensive and profound, and be able to distinguish between primary and secondary, inevitable and accidental phenomena; not only static observation, but also There must also be dynamic observation; not only qualitative research, but also quantitative analysis.

(2) Memory is required to be based on logical memorization, and strive to grasp the internal connections of the teaching materials for memorization based on understanding.

(3) Use concepts, judgment, and reasoning to think logically. At the same time, we must think independently and research problems.

(4) Imagination must be greatly developed. To concretize and visualize abstract problems, such as learning from plane geometry to high school solid geometry, you need to develop spatial imagination.

2. High school learning methods

Einstein has a successful formula: A=X+Y+Z. A stands for success, X stands for hard work, Y stands for the right way, and Z stands for less nonsense. This formula identifies three elements for career success. For academics, there are three elements to success: learning success = psychological quality ten learning methods ten intellectual qualities

1. Improve the psychological quality of learning

(1) Motivation for learning. Learning requires motivation. The drive to learn due to the student's personal needs is important. Some people have a strong thirst for knowledge and a strong interest in learning. This is exactly the case, such as further education, employment, interests, hobbies, honors, status, curiosity, career, future, etc. We must work hard to strengthen our motivation for learning, such as establishing lofty ideals; participating in various competitions, challenging the strong, and stimulating the desire to learn; being encouraged by seeing our learning results, thereby enhancing our self-confidence, enduring setbacks, and having the courage to be unwilling to fail and humiliate. Spirit.

(2) Interest in learning.

Strong interest in learning is closely related to efficiency and can stimulate interest in learning from curiosity and thirst for knowledge. Such as physical experiments, chemical changes, etc., which can easily arouse people's curiosity and seeking knowledge; cultivate interest in various subjects. It is often after studying hard that you discover the secrets and uses of knowledge and improve your academic performance, so you must get into the "sea of ??books"; apply knowledge to practice, stimulate interest, and use the knowledge you have learned to analyze and solve problems. , that sense of success can easily stimulate interest in learning.

(3) Emotion, will and attitude of learning. Linking positive emotions to learning and preventing the growth of negative emotions can promote learning. Being good at controlling yourself is the key to learning to cultivate willpower. It is particularly important to control and restrain your actions, control unnecessary thoughts and emotions, and focus your thoughts on learning.

2. Master scientific learning methods.

(1) Preview: After reviewing the overall content of the textbook, read it carefully, give full play to your self-study ability, and sort out which content you already understand and which content you have questions or do not understand (i.e., look for the key points) , difficulty) mark and write them down respectively. This not only improves self-study ability, but also "paves" the way for listening to lectures, forming a psychological set of expecting the teacher to analyze; this demand psychological set will definitely mobilize our enthusiasm for learning and high concentration of attention.

(2) Listening to lectures Listening to teachers is the best shortcut to acquire knowledge. What teachers teach is truth that has been verified by history; it is the essence of teachers’ long-term learning and teaching practice. Because improving classroom efficiency is particularly important, how can classroom efficiency be improved? a. Be prepared before class. Mental preparation is very important. Maintaining high energy and a clear mind in class is a prerequisite for learning knowledge well.

b. Concentrate. If your mind wanders or you are distracted, you must rely on your reason to force yourself to listen attentively, and your will to eliminate distractions. c. Observe carefully and think positively. Don't be a passive recipient of information. You must fully mobilize your enthusiasm, follow the teacher's teaching ideas, and think actively about the teacher's explanation. The conclusion is drawn from students' own observation, analysis and reasoning, which will have a better learning effect than listening to ready-made conclusions first.

d. Fully understand and master the methods.

e. Grasp the key points of the teacher’s lecture. Some students often ignore the beginning and end of the teacher's lecture when listening to the lecture. This is wrong. The beginning is often just a few words. But it is the outline of the whole class lecture. As long as you grasp this outline and listen to the lecture, the following content will be clear. Although there are not many words at the end, it is a summary and review reminder of the essence of a lesson. At the same time, pay attention to the parts that the teacher repeatedly emphasizes.

f. Take class notes. The note-taking method is one of the best ways to strengthen memory. Notes, a timeless record, overcome the memory limitations of the brain. As the saying goes, a good memory is worse than a bad pen, so in order to fully understand and digest, you must take notes. Taking notes at the same time fully mobilizes the ears, eyes, hands, heart and other organs to work together to help learning.

g. Pay attention to communication with the teacher, eye contact, and questioning communication, which can promote learning.

(3) Homework methods Homework is a way to improve thinking ability, review and master knowledge, and improve problem-solving speed. By reviewing questions, analyzing problems, and solving problems, you can achieve the purpose of consolidating and testing yourself. Of course, when analyzing a problem, there are several ways of thinking, such as forward reasoning, reverse reasoning, two-way method, auxiliary method, elimination method, etc. In addition, homework must not be copied, as it is meaningless. If you don’t understand, you should figure it out in time.

(4) Review method German educationist Di Stowei said: "You must always return to what you have learned and review it... Firmly remembering what you have learned is better than being greedy. It's much better to learn new things and forget them quickly. "So cramming before the exam often doesn't work. Review lies in daily life, how to review?

a. Recall after class, that is, recall what you have learned based on listening to the class.

b. Read the textbook intensively. The more thoroughly you understand the teaching materials and the firmer your grasp, the more efficiency will naturally increase.

c. Organize notes.

d. Read reference books. This is a great way to supplement extracurricular knowledge.

e. Fill in the gaps and systematically master the knowledge structure.

f. Cycle review. After reviewing A, review B, and after reviewing B, review A again, and then move forward... This kind of cyclic review is good for memory.

In general, the scientific learning method can be summarized by the following song: Preview before class, listening to the class will change your brain. Only by reviewing the old can one learn the new, and ambiguities can be understood. When learning new content by yourself, you should focus on the key points. List the questions and have goals in listening to the class. Pay attention to the lectures and try to eliminate distractions. Take notes briefly and use your brain to think more. You must review after class and recall the first point. You should think deeply when reading and digest carefully. Pay attention to homework and do not copy it. Weave a knowledge network, concisely and clearly.

3. Develop intelligence and improve abilities.

(1) Develop observation skills. Observation is an important part of mastering knowledge and doing a good job in learning, and it is also a necessary condition for success. Smart means having good ears and eyes, strong hearing ability, strong eyesight, which actually means strong observation ability. Mastering scientific observation methods requires a. clear purpose and careful planning, and flexible application of various observation methods, such as repeated observation, comparative observation, etc. Regular observation, observation combined with thinking, etc.

(2) Improve memory ability. The root of all wisdom lies in memory. The principle of memory changes with time, and things are forgotten very quickly within a few days after learning. But after a week, the rate of forgetting slowed down. Therefore, the key to memory is to consolidate review during the days when it is most likely to be forgotten. Choose the best time period to memorize. Since everyone's situation is different, it is impossible to make an absolute conclusion. But mastering the time arrangement is the eternal truth that improves memory ability. In order to fight against forgetting, the correct arrangement of review time is to choose the best study time period.

a. Review in time. Take the memorized materials and memorize them again to consolidate them. Its physiological basis is the continuous strengthening of temporary neural connections, further consolidating its traces. Since forgetting starts quickly and then slows down, review must be timely and must be carried out before forgetting begins on a large scale.

b. Arrange review reasonably in terms of time and amount. Experiments have shown that if you study the same content for a relatively concentrated period of time, your memory will be better. But it should also be appropriately dispersed, because too concentrated review time can easily cause interference; too much dispersed time can easily lead to forgetting.

c. Alternately allocating time to study can also improve memory. Scientific experiments have proven that when electrical pulses of equal frequency are used to stimulate brain nerve cells, the response is quick. However, once the stimulation is repeated for too long, the response of the nerve cells disappears. After a period of rest, the response is restored. The same is true for human memory. The French scientist Marie Curie once said: "I read several books at the same time, because studying one thing exclusively will tire my precious mind." Therefore, we must "allocate and alternate" memory.

d. In addition, using various memory methods is also effective. Such as characteristic memory; song memory; image memory; comparative memory; associative memory, etc.

(3) Develop thinking ability.

a. Learn basic knowledge and practice basic skills;

b. Improve language expression skills;

c. Master the basic methods of thinking;

d. Improve your thinking quality (continuous learning);

e. Develop good thinking habits.

(4) Develop imagination ability.

a. Learn rich knowledge and experience;

b. Learn poetry and painting;

c. Develop ideas and research hypotheses;

d. Learn how to stand and use your spatial imagination;

e. Participate in creative activities.

(5) Cultivate self-learning ability and use your own mind to gain knowledge personally.

At the same time, when cultivating learning methods, we must give full play to our creative talents. This is the requirement of the times and the future. Develop creative thinking, encourage diversity and individuality, and contribute to the innovation, technology and development of learning.

In short, optimizing psychological quality is the confidence and courage to overcome difficulties in high school study; mastering scientific learning methods is to develop correct strategic techniques; improving intellectual ability is to improve the weapons for tackling key problems. The three are inseparable. Or missing.

Junior high school:

When I was in junior high school, I not only worked hard to learn the cultural knowledge in class, but also carefully summarized some learning methods. Gradually, I formed a set of learning methods with my own characteristics, but if you truly understand the connotation and essence of my learning method, you will find that this method is not only used for me, but also applies to many similar people. classmates. Since I come into contact with more middle- and upper-class students, this method is more suitable for students who are good in studies but are not always top-notch.

In fact, there are various learning methods, and different people need to adopt different learning methods. I am writing this article just to tell you my method of formulating learning methods. This will truly benefit those who read this article. Don’t copy other people’s methods when learning them. You must have your own opinions and sum up a learning method that suits you through practice, so that you can gain something.

I would also like to emphasize one point here: learning is not a chore. If you do everything well in learning, you will find that "learning is like a piece of steamed bun, and you can chew out its fragrance." (This sentence is quoted from "I Taught My Son to Learn Composition" by Xiao Fuxing and Xiao Tie, April 1996, first edition, page 211)

All of these are my personal thoughts and experiences. My thoughts may be unique. If it's reasonable, you can try it yourself. If it's extreme, just skip it and don't read it. I will elaborate on it from the following aspects.

1. Before learning, interest comes first

2. Studying and seeking the truth

3. Self-confidence is the first secret of success

4. Attitude determines everything

5. Don’t emphasize progress

6. Developing excellent skills is the fundamental purpose of learning

7. Being able to play and be able to Be lazy, and then you will learn

8. Take exams, analyze test results, make next plans, and adjust yourself

9. Learn from others

1. Learn not yet To move, interest comes first

Confucius said: "Those who know are not as good as those who are good at it, and those who are good at it are not as good as those who are happy." This sentence is very reasonable. It profoundly explains the role of interest in learning in learning. effect.

The reason why we put interest first is because interest is very important. Interest can allocate more energy of a person to a certain aspect. If you adjust your interest to studying, you will have a lot more energy than others and your chances of winning will be greater.

I often learn from someone who is very good at studying. Over the past three years, the biggest discovery I have made is that she is full of interest in every subject. This kind of interest makes it more curious than others. This thirst for knowledge made him not let go of every piece of knowledge that passed by her. This also gave her a passion for learning that was difficult for others to achieve, so she was able to solve many difficult problems that others could not do, and it also enabled her to develop her basic skills very strongly. This is enough to show the power of interest.

Cultivating interest is not difficult. Here I only introduce two methods.

You can make use of people's conditioned reflexes. If a person always reads and studies when he is tired, he will want to sleep as soon as he studies. If things go on like this, studying and sleeping have established conditioned reflexes, and he will always be listless when studying. This is why some people always like to sleep in class. You can do something that makes you happy physically and mentally before studying, and maintain this pleasant mood while studying. From now on, happiness and learning will form a conditioned reflex. When you learn, you will be happy, and when you are happy, you will learn. In this way, interest in learning is cultivated. But learning can also be done in other aspects.

Interests need praise and encouragement from others. When you need to focus on a certain area of ??interest, you first bite the bullet and do something you don't want to do, and use great enthusiasm to try to do it better. When you receive praise and encouragement from others, you will naturally be more willing to do it, which can also cultivate interest. In the second half of my third year of junior high school, there was a stage where I was very poor at politics and had no interest in it. But I think we must improve our political performance. So I wrote the most difficult political homework first when I went home every day, and often took the initiative to discuss issues with the politics teacher. With these two measures, my performance improved greatly within ten days.

It can be said that interest is the most active factor in learning, the dominant factor affecting academic performance, and determines all other aspects of learning. Interest must be taken seriously.

2. Studying and Pursuing the Tao

I still have to quote a passage from Confucius: "Learning without thinking is a waste; thinking without learning is peril." This sentence is not casual. Talking about it has profound connotations. It reveals the basic relationship between studying and pursuing Taoism.

Studying is to learn knowledge, learn skills, and master skills; while seeking Tao is to obtain universal truths about the general laws of things through learning and further thinking (here it can be considered as those theories with practical significance). Wuxue and Taoism can be understood as the relationship between theory and practice.

Wuxue and Taoism must develop in a coordinated manner to ensure that they are implemented and developed simultaneously.

There are many benefits to combining Wu Xue and Taoism. If you are interested, you can find Su Shi's "Riyu" and read it. It has been clearly described there.

Primary school:

One of the learning methods and study plan guidance for primary school students

In the entire primary school stage, several courses are offered every semester, every week , The content of daily study is different, and extracurricular exercises are arranged for each major subject. If there is no study plan, it will be chaotic and disorganized, which will affect the learning effect. Teachers should let primary school students understand the importance of making study plans, clarify the content of study plans, and master the methods of making study plans.

Learning plans include long-term plans and short-term plans. The long-term plan is suitable for one semester, and makes comprehensive arrangements for the study of each subject as a whole. The short-term plan should be one week, and make detailed and specific arrangements for the learning content, learning purposes, safeguards, and work and rest time for each day of the week.

The study plan must be specific, clear, and practical, while leaving sufficient room to ensure the flexibility and adaptability of the plan. In the implementation, we must not only be unswerving, but also make appropriate adjustments according to the actual situation. The purpose is to make the learning plan more realistic and improve the learning effect more effectively.

The second learning method for primary school students, guidance on preview methods

Preview is also called advance learning, which refers to the process of learning and understanding the content to be learned in advance before the teacher comes to class. Preview is not only an effective learning method, but also a good study habit. The method of previewing is to read carefully the content to be taught the next day, think carefully, connect the new knowledge with the knowledge learned in the past, and see what is understood and what is not understood, so as to clarify the key points of the lecture. , difficulties and doubts, overcome passivity and blindness in the classroom learning process, and improve initiative and consciousness to help improve learning results.

The third learning method for primary school students, guidance on listening methods

The classroom is the central link of school education and the main way for students to obtain scientific and cultural knowledge. If primary school students cannot listen to lectures, understand, and learn, it will increase the difficulty and pressure of reviewing after class, creating a negative cycle. At the same time, long-term accumulation may lead to a dislike of learning, which is not conducive to improving learning effects and is not conducive to mental health. To this end, primary school students should be guided to pay attention to the following points during classroom teaching.

(1) Listen carefully. Primary school students are required to listen attentively and fully understand the content of the teacher's lectures and the meaning of their expressions, such as the speed of the rhythm, the pitch of the voice, etc.

(2) Pay attention. Primary school students are required to pay full attention to the content written by the teacher on the blackboard. They should especially carefully observe, carefully understand and focus on the parts marked by the teacher with colored chalk and the parts highlighted with audio-visual teaching aids.

(3) Use your brain more. We should guide primary school students to think actively, listen, watch and think, keep in sync with the teacher's teaching process, ask more whys, connect new and old knowledge to think, integrate and draw inferences from one instance to other cases.

(4) Take the initiative to practice. In the classroom, primary school students should be encouraged to speak boldly and practice frequently, so as to deepen their understanding and improve the effectiveness of listening to lectures.

(5) Take notes. The key points and difficulties in the teacher's lectures should be written down concisely in notes for review after class.

(6) Good at induction.

For the content taught by teachers in class, we must grasp the outline, summarize the key points, and strive to understand it in class.

The fourth learning method for primary school students, guidance on review methods

Review refers to the process of re-learning the knowledge that has been learned. Review includes after-class review and systematic review. The main purpose of review after class is to understand and consolidate the knowledge learned that day. The main purpose of systematic review is to conduct a comprehensive and in-depth review of the knowledge learned during the week, month, semester or academic year. The purpose is to integrate, understand and master the system of subject knowledge. Systematic review is essentially a process of relatively intensive reprocessing of the knowledge learned in the previous stage.

After-class review of primary school students’ learning methods:

(1) Review the content and process of the teacher’s classroom lectures, the purpose is to find out what is fully understood and what is not understood, so as to make further progress The review has clear pertinence and purpose;

(2) Review the textbook for the purpose of deepening;

(3) Organize notes to remember incomplete or inaccurate information in class Supplement and revise it wherever necessary to make it more systematic, complete and easy to review;

(4) For difficult issues that you do not understand or do not know in the textbook, consult reference books or reference books and strive to understand them , if you really don’t understand something, ask the teacher or discuss it with your classmates.

There are also various methods of systematic review. For example, the cyclic review method means that after studying one unit, you review it in time, and then study the next unit. After studying the second unit, you combine the two units and review them systematically, and so on until the end. The distributed review method means that after reviewing the learned content in time, go back and review again at certain intervals in time, but the time interval is gradually lengthened. For example, review the content taught in the previous unit in time, review it again a week later, go back and review it briefly after two weeks, and review it again after a month or a quarter. Facts have shown that assigned review is more effective than focused review. Of course, centralized review also has its advantages. For example, during the final review, it is also very important to focus on the key and difficult issues in the learning content for a period of time, and to conduct systematic review of key breakthroughs.

The fifth learning method for primary school students, guidance on homework writing methods

Writing homework is when students think independently, consciously and purposefully analyze and solve problems, and apply the knowledge they have learned. to the actual process of intellectual activity. By writing homework, you can check the results of students' learning, deepen their understanding and memory of knowledge, and give full play to students' wisdom and potential. It also helps to cultivate students' thinking ability and develop good learning attitudes and study habits. Therefore, teachers should guide Primary school students learn the correct way to write homework.

(1) Review first and then write homework, that is, complete homework on the basis of careful review and full understanding.

(2) Review the questions carefully, that is, understand the meaning of the questions, clarify the purpose and requirements of the exercises, clarify the known and unknown conditions and the key to solving the problems, and be aware of them.

(3) Express carefully, that is, have clear ideas, precise expressions, standardized writing, accurate answers, and neat answers.

(4) Check carefully, that is, check and verify word by word according to the purpose and requirements of the exercises, and correct errors in a timely manner; at the same time, think carefully about the teacher's corrections and comments, so as to constantly summarize experience and learn from Lessons learned and continuous improvement.

In addition, there is also tutoring on extracurricular reading methods and tutoring on learning methods in various subjects, which must be carefully studied and given specific guidance.

University:

Summary of university learning methods. University is a stage of freedom, a four-year period of self-improvement. University is a simple society that is most attractive to young people. In these four years, we have increased our knowledge, broadened our horizons, and made friends from all over the world. We cherish our short study life and our campus.

I am a boy who came from the countryside. It is not easy to become a college student. My parents worked hard and supported me from elementary school to college for the sake of my future. Don’t continue to live in ditches.

So when I entered university, I was destined to take a different path from most people. They might only work hard for themselves. I, not only for my own future, but also for my parents, The responsibility that falls on my shoulders is not light. I study hard for different goals and ideals.

Now that I am a junior in college, I am still one step away from joining the workforce. Most of the courses have been completed, and the things you should get in college, such as English proficiency certificates and computer proficiency certificates, are basically available. Now I am studying professional courses, and I am also studying a second degree in business (engineering management) in my spare time. One week The seven days were packed with schedules and I was very tired, but I felt very relaxed. If we talk about learning methods and experience, I think there are mainly several aspects:

First, the purpose of learning. No matter what stage or level you study at, it is very important that the purpose of learning is clear. The purpose of learning can be said to be the driving force for learning. You can imagine what would happen if the car did not have an engine. My purpose of learning is for myself and my family, and for a better life in the future! So no matter when, it will give me a reason to study.

Secondly, interest in learning. If the purpose of learning is the engine, then interest in learning can be regarded as the lubricant. It goes without saying, but it's also important. If you are interested in the courses on the schedule, I think you will study very hard. At least you will not have the rebellious mentality of being tired of learning from the bottom of your heart. Gradually you will enter the learning state. As your interest slowly develops, you will not be able to control yourself. study, so that you can take courses that interest you. I am like this when studying for a second degree. Unlike others, some people study to get a certificate. I am interested in this major, in order to broaden my knowledge and be better integrated with this major. I take the initiative to learn. Therefore, although it is very tiring, I am still willing to learn.

One more thing, using a good learning method that suits you can also achieve twice the result with half the effort. When a smart person learns, he will grasp the key points, study carefully, and think divergently. After class, you don’t have to spend too much time reviewing. People who are not smart should study, take notes carefully (smart people are not excluded), and review in time. As the saying goes, "diligence can make up for weakness!"

Furthermore, it is necessary to put some pressure on yourself at the appropriate time. Everyone's self-control is short-lived, which requires us not to relax ourselves and not indulge in games and love. Here, in college, we still have to focus on learning, and everything else is to assist learning.

The above aspects are some of my own personal experiences. Sometimes I don’t do very well. Learning methods vary from person to person.

I think the most important thing is not to let our four years of university study life be wasted. Maybe university study may be the end point of most of our studies, so in order to draw a successful conclusion, we also You should cherish your university study life. Time is not with me, time will never come again!