-Where did it come from-
Han Yu's Teacher Theory in Tang Dynasty
-Excerpts from the original text-
Saint impermanence teacher. Confucius studied under Tan Zi, Changhong, Shi Xiang and Lao Dan. Scorpions' disciples are not as clever as Confucius. Confucius said: If there are three people, there must be a teacher. So disciples don't have to be inferior to teachers, and teachers don't have to be superior to disciples. They have a good understanding of Taoism and specialize in their skills. That's all.
-Vernacular translation-
A saint has no fixed teacher. Confucius studied under Zanzi, Changhong, Shi Xiang and Lao Dan. These people are not as talented as Confucius. Confucius said, "When several people walk together, one of them can be my teacher." Therefore, students are not necessarily inferior to teachers, and teachers are not necessarily more talented than students. They have heard about it early and heard about it late, and their knowledge and skills have their own specialties. That's all.
-Related instructions-
Immortal teacher: saints have no fixed teacher. Often, fixed.
Tan (Tan) Zi: the monarch of Tan State (now Tancheng County, Shandong Province) in the Spring and Autumn Period. It is said that Confucius once asked him for an official position.
Chang Hong: A doctor in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. It is said that Confucius once asked him questions about ancient music.
Shi Xiang: During the Spring and Autumn Period, the official name of Lu was Xiang. According to legend, Confucius once learned piano from him.
Lao Dan (dān): Laozi, surnamed Li Minger, was a Chu native, thinker and founder of Taoism in the Spring and Autumn Period. According to legend, Confucius once studied the Rites of Zhou from him. Wok is Lao Zi's word.
ACTS: This kind.
In a threesome, there must be a teacher: several people who walk together must have a teacher. "The Analects of Confucius" said: "Confucius said,' If you have a threesome, you must have a teacher. Choose the good to follow and change the bad. " "
No need: not necessarily.
There are specialties in the industry: each has its own specialized research business. Attack, learn and research.
-Creative background-
Shi Shuo was written by Zhen Yuan when he was a doctor in imperial academy No.4 School in 17-18 years (80 1- 802). After I took office in imperial academy, I found that the imperial examination hall was dark, the government was corrupt, and the bureaucracy was full of drawbacks. At that time, the upper class looked down on teachers. The scholar-bureaucrat class has a concept of being unwilling to seek a teacher and "ashamed to be a teacher". The author wrote this article by answering Li Pan's question to clarify people's vague understanding of "seeking a teacher" and "being a teacher".
-Appreciation of Shi Shuo-
Shi Shuo is a famous work by Han Yu. According to Fang Chengxuan's Chronology of Mr. Changli's Poems, this article was written in the 18th year of Zhenyuan in Tang Dezong (802). This year, Han Yu was 35 years old and was appointed as a doctor of imperial academy No.4 University. He is a scholar with a very low status, but he has gained fame in the literary world, and the "ancient prose movement" he advocated has also been launched. This is him. This article is written against the bad atmosphere of "being ashamed to learn from teachers" under the influence of family concept. The concept of family origin originated from the nine-product system in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. Since Cao Pi, the Emperor of Wei Wen, implemented the nine-grade system, a gate valve system represented by the gentry has been formed, emphasizing the distinction between family status and strictness. The children of gentry can be prominent officials. They don't need to study and look down on their teachers. They respect "family law" and despise teachers. By the Tang Dynasty, the Zheng Zhi system of Jiupin had been abolished, and the level of official rank was used as the standard to distinguish family status. This also has a great influence on the choice of teachers. At that time, there was a general psychology of learning from teachers, that is, "being humble is shame, and being in a high position is close to flattery." Han Yu opposed this erroneous idea and put forward that Tao is a teacher and fast, which is of progressive significance. Liu Zongyuan, a contemporary of Han Yu, said in Answering Wei Zhongli's Book of Teacher's Way: "In this world, I don't know the teacher's way, but I think I'm crazy. Han Yu, alone, regardless of customs, laughed and abused. When he was called, he learned that he had written Teacher's Notes. The more I became a teacher because of resistance, the more famous I became. I lived in Chang 'an, couldn't cook well, slapped the east, and so on. "It can be seen from this that the writing background of Shi Shuo and the fighting spirit of the author.
For the shame of learning from teachers, the article uses three comparisons in succession. First, comparing ancient and modern times, it is clear that shame on teachers is contrary to the way of saints, and the consequence can only be more ignorance. Second, the same person realized the necessity of choosing teachers and teaching children, but did not realize the necessity of learning from teachers. By comparing these two completely contradictory practices, we can attack the shield with the spear of the child and reveal that those people are really confused and unreasonable. Thirdly, the comparison between witch doctors, musicians, skilled workers and the families of literati further reveals the wrong psychology of literati, and points out the contrast between their status and intelligence, which is even more sobering.
-About the author-
Han Yu (65438+768-February 25th, 824) was born in Heyang, Henan Province (now mengzhou city, Henan Province). He claimed to be "the ancestral home of Changli County" and was called "Han Changli" and "Mr. Changli". Minister of the Middle Tang Dynasty, writer, thinker and politician, son of Han Lang, Minister of the Middle Qing Dynasty. In the 12th year of Yuanhe (8 17), he served as the prime minister of Pei Du, Sima in March, to fight against the "Huaixi Rebellion". Speak out to welcome the Buddha's bones and be demoted to Chaozhou secretariat. Official ups and downs, tired of the official department assistant minister, known as the "Korean official department." In the fourth year of Changqing (824), Han Yu died of illness at the age of 57, and was posthumously awarded as the history of the Ministry of Rites. Posthumous title is called Wen, so he is called Han Wengong. In the first year of Yuanfeng (1078), Bo in Changli County was posthumously sealed to worship the Confucius Temple. As an advocate of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty, Han Yu ranked first among the "Eight Masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties" and was known as "a great writer" and "a hundred schools of literature". He and Liu Zongyuan are also called "Liu Han", and Liu Zongyuan, Ouyang Xiu and Su Shi are also called "four great writers through the ages". Advocating writing theories such as "the unity of literature and Taoism", "moderation in words", "no words in words" and "following words" is of guiding significance to future generations. He is the author of The Collection of Han Changli.