Gustav Franbert
French writer. 182 1 year 65438+February 2 1 was born in Rouen, 1880 died in Croix on May 8.
When he was young, he studied law in Paris and dropped out of school because of illness. After his father died, he and his widowed mother lived in Croix, a suburb of Rouen. He lived on a rich legacy and devoted himself to literary creation. He often travels around, consciously inspects the society and understands rural life. He lived in the period of the rise and development of French capitalism, but he had a clear understanding of the prosperity of capitalism.
From 65438 to 0852, Flaubert spent more than four years writing the novel Madame Bovary. The novel reproduces the life in other provinces of France in the middle of19th century with concise and delicate brushstrokes. Emma, the heroine, spent her youth in a monastery and was influenced by romanticism. As an adult, I married Bovary, a mediocre town doctor. Disappointed, he was confused by the dude Rudolph and became his mistress. But Rudolph just took part in the act, and soon got tired of her and left. Emma became Ryan's mistress again. In order to satisfy her selfish desires, Emma borrowed usury, which led to bankruptcy and finally committed suicide by taking poison. As soon as the novel came out, it caused a sensation in the literary world. Flaubert gained a high reputation, but he was accused by the authorities of slandering religion, which was indecent. This incident gave him great pressure, so his creation turned to ancient themes. Five years later, Flaubert published his second novel, Fort Salang, which described the mercenaries and the people's uprising in Carthage in BC. The author reproduces the broad scene of fierce social struggle at that time with realistic brushstrokes.
19 In the 1960s, social contradictions in France became more acute, and Flaubert paid attention to the realistic struggle. He deeply studied the political life at that time and devoted himself to writing Emotional Education. This work is set in Paris in the 1940s, and reflects the social reality at that time, especially before and after the 1848 revolution, through the declining life track of a young man with mediocre thoughts and weak personality. This is a highly politicized novel. Almost all the plots of the novel revolve around some major historical events, which constitutes the social background of the novel. The changes of characters' thoughts and personalities are also shown through these events. These works reflect a wide range of social life. It depicts various classes and types of figures, which is of great reference value for understanding the French history before 185 1. When the novel was published, it didn't attract much attention. After 10 years, the voice of praise sounded.
187 1 did not have a great influence on Flaubert's creation. He devoted himself to revising the old draft The Temptation of San Anton. The novel tells the story of a saint in medieval Egypt who overcame the temptation of the devil, and expresses the author's extreme aversion to social greed. From 1875 to 1876, there was a literary controversy between Flaubert and george sand. George Thornton accused him of being too objective and lacking in emotion, which prompted Flaubert to write three stories. All three stories have their own unique styles and themes. The Legend of Shengyu Company is adapted from religious legends. Herodias described the internal strife of Christianity in the Middle East. A Simple Heart is one of the most outstanding short stories. It describes the ordinary and touching life of a maid. Through the details of daily life, the author created a simple and moving image of a working woman, showing her beautiful and kind heart and brave and witty qualities. Gorky praised this short story as a "hidden magical power".
Flaubert's last novel Buffa and Bai Juyi is missing a chapter, which can be said to be the companion of emotional education. This paper mainly describes the repercussions of the 1848 revolution in other French provinces. Bufa and Bai Juxie are two scribes. After Bai Juyi got a huge inheritance, he settled in the countryside with his best friend Bufa. They study agriculture, chemistry, geology, history and literature, and then abandon them one by one. News of the revolution reached the countryside on February 1848. They turned to study philosophy, theology, pedagogy and law, but in the end they found nothing and returned to their old jobs.
Flaubert thinks that art should reflect real life and dare to expose ugly phenomena. He is an outstanding master of realism who accurately reproduces social reality. However, he advocated that literature should describe things strictly, meticulously and faithfully, and literature can describe ugly life phenomena truthfully, which opened the way for naturalism in the late19th century.
His artistic achievements are mainly manifested in modeling. He is good at creating a series of typical characters with outstanding personalities in short stories. Because of this, he pays great attention to observing things, collecting materials and paying attention to the truth of details. While portraying typical characters, he pays attention to the description of the environment. He often makes extensive investigations and field trips. In description, he usually uses line drawing to grasp the characteristics and set off the atmosphere with concise language. He particularly emphasized the important role of language. In order to temper language and sentences, they are often scrutinized repeatedly. He believes that "there is no good idea without good form, and vice versa". Therefore, his words are concise, clear and accurate. He is a literary and spiritual mentor of Mo Bosang, and is also recognized as a master of language art by colleagues in many countries in the world.
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