This set of real questions comes from the collection and arrangement of enthusiastic candidates on the internet, and is only for learning and communication.
Matters needing attention
1. This paper consists of two parts: given information and answer requirements. The examination time is 180 minutes, in which the reference time for reading the given information is 50 minutes and the reference time for answering questions is 130 minutes.
2, all answer in modern Chinese, did not answer as required, do not score.
Please answer on the answer sheet. Do not fold the answer sheet!
Known data
1. Maker refers to people who use open source hardware and the Internet to turn ideas into practical products. They moved their manufacturing to their desktops, such as electronic clothing, health bracelets, smart watches, conductive ink, food cookers and so on. All products that users can imagine are likely to be realized in the hands of makers. Maker turns ideas into product prototypes, that is, from 0 to 1, in this software and hardware open laboratory (Maker Space) with the functions of processing workshop and studio.
For many people in China, "maker" is still a relatively unfamiliar concept, but maker is quietly affecting the traditional manufacturing industry with its strong vitality and strong development momentum. On the basis of product design and prototype creativity, many maker spaces extend the functions of product incubation and enterprise incubation. Here, they can not only realize the range from 1 to 1 to 100, that is, from creativity to product prototype to small batch products, but also provide entrepreneurial venues, management training, investment and financing, channel sales and other services for makers. Driven by the user experience and the Internet, Maker products have become our personalized customized products; There are also a small number of maker products that have been recognized by the public demand through market tests and become mass goods for industrial production. No matter which form it is, it has completed the transformation from creativity to entrepreneurship, and this transformation is the essence of the prosperity and development of maker culture.
The scientific and technological innovation movement has developed rapidly in China. The strong domestic manufacturing ecosystem, abundant human resources, abundant capital and artistic accumulation are fertile soil for makers to take root and grow, and its potential is an important opportunity for future industrial system and economic development. Shenzhen is the most complete city in China's maker industry chain, and is known as maker paradise. Maker can find complete electronic components, various processing plants and technical engineers here, and quickly complete the whole process from creativity to product prototype to small batch production; Compared with Shenzhen's pragmatic and efficient, Shanghai's makers appear calm, return to the essence, and have an innovative atmosphere caused by foreign interests; Beijing Chuangke has more cross-border collaborative innovation and entrepreneurial spirit, because Beijing is a city with top technical talents, literary talents and capital institutions.
The maker group has no professional scope and identity restrictions. Anyone who is creative and keen to turn ideas into reality can become a maker. In the maker space, there are neither high-precision large-scale instruments and equipment, nor countless invention patents and achievements. In the maker space, there are some makers who love to create. They take interest as the guide, creativity as the starting point, experience as the driving force, and explore and release the great innovation contained in the public through self-satisfied entrepreneurial methods.
The traditional manufacturing industry aims to meet the basic needs of the public and mass-produce profitable popular products. However, with the homogeneous development and fierce competition of mass products, mass demand will gradually decompose into personalized demand, which is an inevitable trend brought by economic development to consumers' choice of products. Maker is produced under the guidance of this trend, leading the manufacturing industry to develop from centralized and large-scale to individual and decentralized, producing and manufacturing niche goods according to individual needs, and bringing opportunities to individual manufacturing industry.
20 13, 1 1, an article entitled "Made in China" published by a British economist, made China "maker" the focus. This paper points out that the strength of China Maker should not be underestimated, and its potential advantage lies in that they are closely related to the so-called cottage manufacturing system. The reason why an enterprise is a cottage is because it has no design and creativity, and it is manufactured by imitating other people's products, and Maker is the source and carrier of design and creativity. In the Internet age, open source software and open source hardware provide rare equal opportunities for China enterprises to innovate. If the design and creativity of Maker can be grafted to low-end imitation enterprises, the huge creativity and manufacturing demand of Maker can complement the advantages of complete supply chain resources and manufacturing capabilities of Shanzhai enterprises. Perhaps generate can generate amazing energy, which is not necessarily the way out for the transformation of shanzhai enterprises.
2013165438+14 October, Tsinghua University launched the maker resident program, which plans to hire well-known makers at home and abroad to enter the school maker space every year, encourage students to actively participate in innovation practice, and promote interdisciplinary technical and creative exchanges. In addition, many universities and even some middle schools and vocational colleges are actively promoting maker education. The unique and dynamic educational maker space invigorates the scientific and technological resources of colleges and universities, strengthens the linkage between teaching and practice, education and industry, and cultivates first-class talents with innovative and entrepreneurial spirit. Millions of college students who graduate from China every year are candidates for the Maker Movement, and they can turn their creativity and accumulated research results into Maker projects. Realizing employment through self-employment. After these maker projects are transformed into startups, they will attract more social talents at different levels to join them. McKinsey's recent research report pointed out that due to the rapid development of robot technology and network technology, the number of employees in large-scale manufacturing enterprises has been decreasing in the past 65,438+00 years, because the close dependence of large-scale manufacturing on automated production systems has gradually replaced manual participation, while individual manufacturing industries led by the maker movement have customized products according to the individual needs of users. Technology, engineering, art and other industries have a huge demand for manual labor, which will inevitably create a large number of new jobs.
Some people sigh: Maker, how many brains, how many cliches, how many surprises, how many are worth looking forward to? Love is really hard, and it is even harder not to love!
2. With the intensive introduction of anti-corruption bans, it has gradually become the new normal of China officialdom to think twice about "clearing the field" on holidays. Moreover, many grassroots employees and white-collar workers in institutions have lost their previous holiday benefits. Not only the Mid-Autumn Festival, but also the Chinese New Year is "welfare zero". People firmly support the central government in fighting corruption and promoting honesty, but some executives take away the benefits due to employees in the name of fighting corruption, which has also caused controversy. Take the Mid-Autumn Festival as an example. Under the background of "Anti-corruption Order for Festivals", mooncakes have even become a sensitive word. Ronaldinho, an employee of a certain unit, said that in previous years, the Mid-Autumn Festival unit would give moon cakes to employees, and it has not been there since last year. "No, no, I don't think it matters." This year, he plans to order several boxes of moon cakes online. Xiao Yao, a white-collar worker who works in a branch of a state-owned enterprise, said that during the Mid-Autumn Festival, everyone happily went to get a box of moon cakes. Last year, they felt very clear. "How much is one thing. Even if it's just a moon cake, I feel that the company is considerate of us and feels like a big family. But now there is nothing, and I am really disappointed. A box of moon cakes is worthless. Without it, there is no human touch. "
"Who dares to send it? What if you hit a gun? " The middle-level leader of a public institution said in an interview with reporters, "In fact, I don't think it is a big problem to send a few boxes of moon cakes. However, the investigation from the central government to the local government is so strict that it may be no problem to send it, and it will definitely be no problem if it is not sent. Therefore, it is better to do more than one thing! "
The leader of another state-owned enterprise unit said that anti-* * and welfare are completely different things. You can't cut off the dirty water and dump the child, but you still have to send it. The reporter asked him, if some leaders take the opportunity to give themselves more benefits? The leader was silent for a while and said that it is still necessary to grasp.
For many years, many people have been used to gathering in scenic places, which is warm in the south in winter and cool in the north in summer. People vividly call it the "Migratory Birds Conference". As early as 1980, the Central Committee issued the Notice on Prohibiting Party and Government Organs from Holding Meetings in Scenic Spots, and in 20 14, it issued regulations explicitly prohibiting meetings in 2 1 scenic spots, and strengthened supervision, which significantly improved the unhealthy trend. However, there are still a few places that have not adapted to this change for the time being, and are still used to the old practice of "scratching the ball". For example, deliberately choose a place near the scenic spot to facilitate the organization of so-called cultural inspection activities after the meeting. For example, in order to hold a meeting in a scenic spot, deliberately arrange the meeting place where you need to change trains or transfer in the scenic spot halfway. The name of the meeting can also be changed to hide people's eyes and ears, and some even deliberately set up sub-venues. I went to so much trouble just to take advantage of the meeting to get some benefits. The leader of a certain unit plans to hold an annual meeting of the industry in a tourist city, and he has been puzzled recently. If we can really make unremitting efforts to make the clean and honest wind form a new normal, of course, it is very good. However, Rome wasn't built in a day. Long-term inertia is like a car driving at 120 km/h on the expressway. Can it stop at once?
4. Since the implementation of the Party's mass line education practice, the "eight regulations" of the central government have been put in place, and the "four winds" has braked suddenly, which has effectively curbed the phenomenon of public money consumption in various places, so that the business of some hotels and karaoke bars is not as good as before, or even deserted, which makes operators feel very entangled.
Qianmou opened a medium-sized seafood restaurant, and the business has been good before. What he relies on most is all kinds of class reunions, birthday banquets, wedding banquets, activities and celebrations. On weekends and holidays, although he is as busy as a bee, he enjoys the pages. In his words, this is the "economic pillar" of the hotel. However, the situation in these two years is a bit wrong, and this kind of business volume has dropped sharply. In the summer of 20 14, the results of college entrance examination were announced. Qianmou thought that wave after wave of "thank-teacher banquets" would appear as in previous years, and prepared menus of different grades from 1888 yuan to 5888 yuan for each table, ready to make a fortune. Strangely, no table was reserved. Upon inquiry, it was not the students and parents who refused the invitation, but the teachers who declined it. Money is a little puzzled: "This teacher's banquet is not public consumption. Students and parents pay out their own money to thank the teachers for their training. Is there something wrong with this human nature? "
Even customers who have nothing to do with public money consumption have greatly improved their out-of-pocket consumption compared with the past. Fewer people, more food, and less and less serious waste. The action of "packing" and "CD" after meals is becoming more and more common. "Well ... alas! How do I earn my money? " Qianmou shook his head and his mood was quite complicated.
Xiao Huang is an environmental protection volunteer in a southern city, and he feels that he lives in pain every day. He and other volunteers will come to the door every month to distribute garbage bags to the residents of the community and give on-site guidance. "When there is guidance, the classification effect is obvious, but often after a while, there will be more garbage."
The treatment of kitchen waste is a garbage problem with China characteristics. Huang Xiaoshan, an environmental volunteer, said that the kitchen waste of soup and water in Chinese food accounts for two-thirds of the total waste, and the organic matter in it will make it stink and pollute the recyclables in the waste.
In order to classify kitchen garbage, pilot cities encourage families to divide garbage into dry garbage and wet garbage. However, even if only wet garbage is separated, the accurate delivery rate is only about 30%. Xiao Huang read a briefing, which mentioned that the annual rainfall in Hohhot is 400 mm, but the annual evaporation can reach 2000 mm, and the wet garbage dries up without waiting for treatment. "Alas, it's a pity that we are not Hohhot!"
Xiao Huang's mother came from her hometown to stay temporarily, and there were waste paper boxes and waste oil bottles piled up in half the space on her balcony. "Some time ago, I saved a box of mineral water bottles to sell 1 yuan. It is not cost-effective to sell waste products now, and the price is low and it takes up space! "
It is estimated that at present, China recovers 65.438+600 million tons of renewable resources every year, of which about 80 million tons come from domestic garbage, while China produces 250 million tons of domestic garbage every year, and the recycling rate of domestic garbage reaches more than 30%. According to the person in charge, in fact, garbage collection, as an important part of garbage classification, has not been paid attention to.
Xiao Huang believes that it is a good living habit for residents to sell recyclable items at home. However, at present, the price of recyclable materials is low, which often cannot be disposed of immediately, and residents have nowhere to store them, which affects their enthusiasm. Because the dry and wet sorting is not done well, many available resources in the discarded garbage are polluted by wet garbage, and the cost of manual sorting is very high.
Aunt Zhang, a neighbor, just finished sorting out the garbage, when she saw the sanitation workers who collected the garbage mixed two boxes of "recyclable" and "non-recyclable" garbage in the transport vehicle, but different brands of garbage trucks contained the same garbage. "If you are mixed up, there will be no motivation in the future." She said.
At present, most local governments have little investment in garbage sorting, and even the relatively large investment in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Hangzhou is difficult to meet the demand. Take Guangzhou as an example. "If this continues for 3-4 years, only garbage bags will cost 654.38+04 billion yuan. If 200 people are equipped with 654.38+0 instructors, Guangzhou's 6.5438+0.8 million people will spend 4 billion every year. This kind of investment is unsustainable. " Xiao Huang sighed, "Hey, is there any way out for garbage sorting in China?"
6. Xiaoli, a college student, comes from rural areas in northern Jiangsu. When she came home last summer vacation, she found that her family, like other villagers, lit the straw in the field and quarreled with her parents.
Xiaoli: Burning straw wastes resources, pollutes the air and destroys the soil structure, which leads to the decline of farmland quality, don't you know?
Mother: Yes, the county and township publicize it every year, and the village broadcasts it every year. Why don't you know?
Xiaoli: Then why did you knowingly commit it?
Father: That's easy to say, you child. What if you don't burn it? Every year when I am busy with farming, I can't find time to lick so many straws.
Xiaoli: Didn't you say that enterprises should recycle straw?
Mother: That's what the radio said. So far, no one has come to recycle it. We don't retch methane or raise cattle here. What should we do with so much straw? Now that we have moved into the building, every household doesn't burn pots and stoves, and no one wants firewood.
Xiaoli: Isn't there a special subsidy from the government for straw processing?
Father: You have to crush it, buy a corrupting agent, ask someone for help, and only subsidize one acre of land 10 yuan. Is that enough?
Xiaoli was silent, and she was very upset. It seems that blaming farmers alone cannot solve the problem, she wrote in her blog. Burning straw is a habit of farmers for many years, which saves trouble and effort and is difficult to get rid of for a while. With the upgrading of PM2.5 environmental monitoring, the negative impact of incineration on the air has become increasingly significant. Where is the way out for field straw?
7. The following is a partial recording of a senior advertiser's speech at a meeting:
Now is an era of big data, and we are forced to follow the data. When we move on, we should go back to the original point and review why you did it in the first place. This is something that is lacking all over the world, especially in China. Many domestic enterprises are playing the role of "I follow". Other industries have this thing, I will do it.
We are all looking for what we can do. In fact, we have overlooked a very important point. We need to know what you can't do and what you won't do. We often see many advertisements, spreading that you want to be yourself. This is nonsense. Who else can I be but myself? You can't be Jay Chou, Jay Chou did it for Jay Chou, and Andy Lau can't do it. You have to be yourself, but you have to do better than Jay Chou and Andy Lau.
In recent years, self-proclaimed laid-off migrant workers have been advertised. Instead, I saw a lot of things that I couldn't see in the advertising industry at that time. Because I am becoming more and more civilian and peasant, what I see is very small, but these things are likely to be very important and can change many things. There is also a lot to share behind Mr. Duan. Data guide us, but we will do a lot of things based on data, but don't turn data into basis. You should find something in the data that can be challenged, not become a talisman. That's what the data says, and so are we. Creative way of thinking may be more important than before.
Everything, from being a man and doing business to what you want to do and what you are looking for, should be considered. Are there any challenges? You can't do such a thing just because other companies have done it. You have to think about it. Does what you do challenge your business, your employees and, most importantly, yourself? Especially in today's society, human beings basically have no self-confidence. Because we don't have Tiger Claw, we don't even have tortoise shells, so we need packaging, a house, a car and a beauty salon. If we can't change our face, mobile phone beautification software comes into being. I really tried to shoot 45 degrees with my current mobile phone, and my face was really sharp. Today's mobile phones can also make you whiten and enlarge your eyes. Everyone may have seen the contrast between mobile phone beauty and real people, which scared you to death.
A foreign TV station interviewed many newly emerging small entrepreneurs, and you will find that they have one thing in common. They all find challenges in new attempts. Basically, what he did was not what he had done. So, I hope you can find challenges in your work ... Otherwise, if you just want to live better tomorrow, especially in Chinese mainland, it will be boring. I estimate that everyone here will have higher education and qualifications than me, but I am today because I have less school education, and I only have a secondary school education. Now, if you send me to the college entrance examination, I will still fail, but I have self-knowledge. I go to school less and know little. From the first day, I still have this habit, starting from scratch. Everyone here may think that this theory is often heard and may be the most difficult thing to do in any industry-starting from scratch, the habit of human nature will be that you are used to learning from your previous cases, especially successful cases, and you hope to do better. However, personally, there are many problems. Recently, I was invited back to Singapore, and now I am listed in the Singapore Archives, which is recorded as atypical, because it is impossible to have this day in my background, but because this "zero" has many meanings. Because I don't know anything, I can't do anything, and as a result, this has become my best industry.
So, if there is an opportunity, can you be like me? I force my customers to zero every day. After zero, most people think differently from where they are.
I often encourage students, and I will also encourage anyone not to be afraid of making mistakes. Mistakes are great motivation. When you are not afraid of mistakes, you dare to do almost anything. Where does my energy come from? I don't have enough education. I didn't even answer the advertisement. Don't be afraid of failure, we often say that failure is the mother of success. So we dare to make mistakes. We have many idiom stories to teach us to do this, but have we really learned anything from them?
Answer a request
Look at the underlined part of "given data 1" first, please point out the main reason why it is difficult for makers to love, but it is more difficult not to love. (15)
Requirements: combined with materials, comprehensive, profound and accurate, no more than 200 words.
Second, please point out that some units or individuals reflected in "given data 2-3" have different attitudes or performances to change some mistakes in their past work and life. (15)
Requirements: Stick to the materials, be comprehensive, accurate and organized, with no more than 200 words.
Thirdly, in the "given data 5-6", the "distress" of Huang Xiao and Xiao Li reflects a certain dilemma faced by grass-roots management. Please point out this "dilemma" and put forward some suggestions to change it. (25 points)
Requirements: Strong pertinence, reasonable and feasible suggestions. No more than 500 words.
Fourthly, the statement of "returning to zero" in "Given Data 7" is intriguing. Please follow your own experience. Choose your own angle, draw up your own title and write an article. (45 points)
Requirements: Combined with the given information, the viewpoint is correct, the content is substantial, the structure is complete, and the language is fluent. About 1000 words.