It criticized the Westernization Movement of the Qing government. The "paper tiger" alludes to the Beiyang Navy. Because of the Qing government's lack of attention, the Beiyang Navy suffered a disastrous defeat in the Sino-Japanese War of 1884-1894, which exposed the corruption and incompetence of the Qing government. It also reflects Li Hongzhang's disappointment and dissatisfaction with the Qing government's Westernization Movement. Therefore, it mainly criticized the Westernization Movement of the Qing government.