Hope: Although we often mention the word hope in our daily life, in the research of positive psychologists, "hope" refers to spiritual motivation and the ability to find ways to achieve goals. The first key point is the goal, which is the foundation of hope and provides the direction and end point of thinking about hope. The second point is the way, that is, the way we come up with to achieve our goals. The third point is agency, which refers to the spiritual motivation we need on the road to achieving our goals. Psychologist Synder believes that if a person can combine goals, methods and motives and have confidence in his ability, then he is full of hope.
2. Self-efficacy: refers to "people's confidence in their ability to complete a task", that is, if we are confident in their ability to complete a task, then we can say that we have a high sense of self-efficacy in this matter.
3. psychological resilience: refers to the ability to maintain and restore oneself when encountering problems and difficulties. You can compare a spring, even if it is squeezed by an external force, it can return to its original state when the external force is removed. Therefore, psychological resilience is a state of reaction to changes in the external environment. There is room for expansion in this state, and everyone's expansion space is different. Resilience is one of the key factors to resist pressure.
4. Optimism: Optimism here does not mean blindly believing that the future will be better, but refers to the positive attribution of possible success now or in the future. In other words, if we do something well, optimists may attribute the reason to internal and stable factors, such as "the success of this thing is due to my excellent ability". It is found that this positive attribution will make individuals feel proud and have a positive impact on the completion of the next task.
Therefore, we can say that a person with good psychological capital and positive psychological development state is characterized by: (1) being able to persist in moving towards the goal and achieving it in different ways; (2) Have confidence in yourself; (3) It can recover well when encountering adversity; (4) Be optimistic about the present and the future.