because of his profound reflection on the spirit of China people, that is, the national soul
After nearly a century's questioning, Lu Xun's academic circles in China have a closer understanding of Lu Xun's ideological essence and value core.
in a word, Lu Xun's value in China-profound reflection on China people's spirit and tenacious resistance to darkness. In the historical period of China's transformation from feudal autocracy to modern civilization in the 2th century, we thoroughly and fundamentally reflect on the spirit of China people under the feudal imprisonment for thousands of years, and urge China people to break out of the ideological cage, achieve spiritual liberation, achieve spiritual independence and freedom of thought, so as to correctly understand themselves and the world, determine their proper position in the world and the correct strategy of standing on their own feet in the world, and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
people have three natures: servility, understanding and rationality.
The so-called servility is not a "slave in the body", but a "slave in the heart", mentally in a slave state, dependent on some external force or something invented by itself, enslaved by its spirit, lacking spiritual independence and freedom of thought, and belonging to blind instinct.
savvy means that you realize that you are a slave, and you begin to realize your servility, and strive for spiritual liberation and freedom of thought. However, you have not yet reached a rational level, and you still have no deep and systematic understanding of yourself and the outside world.
rationality is to reach this state, to have a rational understanding of the subjective world and the objective world and their relationship, and to become a conscious and rational person.
a person's spiritual development goes through three stages: servility, understanding and rationality, and a nation and the whole human race also go through these three stages. The spiritual consciousness of the nation and human beings requires the thinkers and writers of the nation and all mankind to conduct internal audit and reflection on the spirit of the nation and even the humanity of all mankind, and convey the crystallization of their reflection to the people through literature, so as to change the spirit of the nation and the humanity of mankind.
Lu Xun embarked on the literary road in order to change the spirit of China people. He is a great thinker, but he is not the same as Mao Zedong and Sun Yat-sen in the political field, but a great thinker who deeply explores the phenomenon of human spirit and deeply reflects on the spirit of China people. Lu Xun was a great revolutionist, but he was different from the revolutionist who devoted himself to political theory and practice, but devoted himself to changing the spirit of China people. Lu Xun is a great litterateur, but unlike Mao Dun and Shen Congwen, who focus on describing the social world and local customs, he is a litterateur who concentrates on outlining and refining the spiritual characteristics of China people and provides a "mirror" for China people to reflect on themselves.
The thought of "resisting being a slave" is the most important value that has continued to the present age.
Under the background of China's "saving the nation to survive" in the early 2th century, Lu Xun called out "the warrior in the spiritual world" and put forward the idea of "cultivating people". After he entered the May 4th literary world, he wrote immortal works such as The True Story of Ah Q, criticizing the imperfection of human nature from the opposite side, and later attacked the society and tradition in which feudal absolutism distorted human nature with essays as a weapon. All his life, he devoted himself to reflecting on the spirit of China people, enlightening China people to "realize that they are slaves", transforming their national character, and rising from servility to understanding. The purpose of this kind of reflection is for China people to "live a happy life and behave reasonably".
In order to realize this ideal, he sent young people to "a wide and bright place". Lu Xun "shouldered the burden of tradition and shouldered the dark gate." He struggled with the darkness, struggled for the light, looked down on the powerful, and did not compromise on "the coma and rape that hurt others in the world", and his bones were the hardest; Compassion for the people, crying out for the working people who are crushed at the bottom, has the best heart. Brave, tenacious and tragic resistance to despair, struggling all his life.
His profound thoughts and exquisite works make him of great value not only in China, but also in East Asia and even the whole world. Lu Xun's thought of "resisting being a slave" was clearly demonstrated by Lu Xun's scholars from Takeuchi to Ito Tiger Maruko and Maruyama Shing in Japan. This is Lu Xun's historical responsibility, and it is also his most important value that lasts forever to the present age.
Lu Xun's contemporary value and significance are by no means exclusive to a certain person or political group, but universal, which is needed by the spiritual and cultural development of China people and even all mankind. It is precisely because Lu Xun has such a value that he deeply reflects on the spirit of China people and even the humanity of the whole human race, so it will inevitably touch the nerve center of everyone who reads Lu Xun and involve all the core issues of cultural debates, because the roots of various cultural theories and war debates are, in the final analysis, how to understand human beings themselves and the outside world. So far, there are always people who scold him and attack him, and there are always people who admire him and commemorate him. Every cultural debate has to implicate Lu Xun.
Lu Xun left us incomparably perfect literary texts such as Weeds and Wandering, and also handed down unique academic classics such as A Brief History of Chinese Novels and An Outline of the History of Chinese Literature. But the most important thing is his thoughts and spirit, which is his reflection on the spirit of China people and even the humanity of the whole human race and his resistance to darkness. His incomparably exquisite works are the crystallization of this reflection and resistance.
In fact, this kind of reflection is not only crucial for a nation, but also the most important and fundamental for a person and even the whole mankind. Japan and South Korea also accepted Lu Xun from this point of reflection. The late Japanese Lu Xun scholar Mr. Ito Humaru put forward the idea of "individual", arguing that only through "returning to the heart", "introspection" and "seeing oneself" can people "become themselves" and achieve "individual consciousness".
There is a sentence engraved on the ancient Greek temple, reminding future generations: "Know yourself!
why is Lu Xun's reflection on China people's spirit so important? This requires a philosophical understanding of the significance of reflection.
Mr. Feng Youlan's seven-volume New Edition of China's Philosophy History, which was condensed by his painstaking efforts in the last decade of his life from 85 to 95, is undoubtedly the highest achievement in the study of China's philosophy history so far, and it is a collection of his lifelong thoughts. In the fourth section of the introduction of the first volume of the book, "What is philosophy? The philosopher wrote such a thought-provoking epigram:
Philosophy is the reflection of human spirit. The so-called reflection is that the human spirit in turn thinks about itself as an object.
In fact, in the final analysis, human beings have started this kind of questioning and reflection since they were born, that is, when they had the spirit. The ancestors once engraved a sentence on the ancient Greek temple, reminding future generations: "Know yourself! Montaigne, a great French thinker, also said that the most important thing in the world is to know yourself.
Lu Xun wrote The True Story of Ah Q in No.11 Hospital of Badaowan, Beijing.
A nation needs to know itself step by step and realize its self-consciousness. The main mission of a nation's thinkers is to urge the nation to know itself correctly.
since the late Qing dynasty, for China, "know yourself! It is not only the highest goal of philosophical inquiry, but also a big problem related to the survival of the nation. Because for thousands of years, China people really don't know themselves.
Marx pointed out in the article "China Revolution and European Revolution": "The prestige of the Qing Dynasty ... wiped out the ground, and the immortal superstition of the Chinese empire was dealt a fatal blow." However, in the face of a fatal blow, the feudal ruling class in China refused to face up to the reality and admit defeat, so as to sum up lessons and revive the national ethos. Instead, it glossed over what was wrong, "created a wonderful escape by deception and deception" and drugged itself and the people's souls by false spiritual victory. Therefore, the method of spiritual victory became a common spiritual phenomenon in modern China.
There is also a poem about forest damage published in Volume 4, No.4 of New Youth. The first two lines are: "I am only happy with them, but I am bitter with them! They are beautiful, but they are uglier than them! "It can be seen that at that time, China was trapped in the osawa of" hiding and cheating "with his eyes closed, and his spirit was getting worse! Therefore, for China people in this period, it is very important to shout loudly to wake them up and realize their spiritual consciousness.
and the historical role played by Lu Xun is to undertake such an important task.
Calling for the arrival of the "warrior of the spiritual world" loudly, hoping for the spiritual consciousness of China people
In his early paper "On the strength of Moro Poetry" written in his youth, he called for the arrival of the "warrior of the spiritual world" loudly, hoping for the spiritual consciousness of China people, and put forward such a wise saying:
If you judge yourself first, you will know others; Compared with Zhou, he is conscious.
It means: first of all, we must look at ourselves, and we must also understand others, and be more comprehensive and appropriate to each other, so as to produce consciousness. In Lao Tzu's words, it is: "People who know others are wise, those who know themselves are clear, those who win others are powerful, and those who win themselves are strong." In the preface to Scream, Lu Xun recalled that after he failed to run the magazine "New Life" in his youth, he fell into a great loneliness like "being in an endless wasteland". It was at this time that he "saw himself" and realized that he was "by no means a hero who gathered with a vibrating arm."
"seeing oneself" is the beginning of knowing oneself, which opens up the correct starting point of his spiritual journey. At the beginning of the 2th century, faced with the defeat of the Opium War, there was a debate in China's ideological circle on how to save China. Some people "argued militarily", while others "resumed the theory that manufacturers evaluated the constitutional parliament".
Lu Xun, on the other hand, pointed out that these people were just "people with little talent and wisdom" with "no fundamental plans", and in opposition to them, he put forward the ideal of "cultivating people" in his youth. In his early thesis "On Cultural Bias", he put forward that "the root lies in people" and that "the first thing is to establish people, and the first thing is to establish people and then do everything".
This means that if there are high-quality people, everything will be easy and the country will naturally prosper; If people's quality is not good, even with a strong army, rich materials, commerce and parliament, it is no use.
Therefore, he called for the arrival of "the warrior of the spiritual world" loudly in "On the Poetry of Moro", hoping for the spiritual consciousness of China people. During the May 4th Movement, he attacked China's old culture, aiming at finding "real people" so that people could "live happily and be reasonable". In Diary of a Madman, the first vernacular novel in China's new literature, Lu Xun put forward "Never been like this, right?" "Bold questioning, summed up the 4,-year history of China as" cannibalism ",and the most valuable thing is that he not only criticized others, but also reflected on himself as one of the cannibals. As Mr Ito Humaru, a Japanese Luxun scholar, said, in Diary of a Madman, Luxun criticized feudal thoughts and the darkness of feudal society from the inside through the self-criticism of China people's soul. If we say that any criticism can only become a real criticism through self-criticism, then, in this sense, Diary of a Madman has filled the literary revolution with substantive content for the first time. Lu Xun's work is "fanned out with the diary of a madman as the axis". He started from the standpoint of "real man" to seek a comprehensive awakening of the national soul and "tried to fully restore the national personality by completely denying the tradition".
He thinks, "China people have never won the value of' people', but they are slaves at most, and they still are. However, when they are inferior to slaves, they are not uncommon. Call on young people to defeat the "era when they want to be slaves but can't" and the "era when they have been slaves for a while", and create a "third age" without slaves and slave owners, which is unprecedented in the history of China. So, how can we become a "real person" who is not a slave? This requires someone's consciousness and understanding the value of people. To do this, we must first reflect on ourselves and know ourselves. Because only by knowing and respecting yourself correctly can we know and respect others, strictly abide by the "rules of the game" between ourselves and others-democracy and law, and realize people's consciousness.
Lu Xun's lifelong goal is to use literature as a weapon to enlighten China people who refuse to study themselves and learn to know themselves and the world.
In fact, Lu Xun's lifelong goal is to enlighten China people who refuse to study themselves and learn to know themselves and the world, and to transform them from instinctive people and ignorant people into conscious people in correct understanding. His most important book, The True Story of Ah Q, embodies this intention most intensively, fully and artistically.
Ah Q is an instinctive ignorant person. He can never correctly understand himself, the world and his position in the world. He is muddled, arrogant when he is proud, and bullies the weak. When you fail, you rely on the method of spiritual victory to turn failure into victory and seek perfection in "hiding and cheating." Cervantes, through the immortal image of Don Quixote, shows the universal weakness that human beings are easy to break away from the development and change of the objective material world and fall into the misunderstanding of subjectivism, while Lu Xun, through the vivid artistic image of Ah Q, shows a spiritual phenomenon of self-deception in China at that time, and also reflects the spiritual mechanism and universal weakness that human beings are easy to escape from reality, retreat into the heart and seek spiritual victory. Don Quixote didn't realize that he was just an ordinary man, not a knight, until he died. Ah Q didn't know how he died until he was taken to court. These two artistic images are wonderful "mirrors", which enlighten people to know themselves and realize their spiritual consciousness. Ah Q, on the other hand, is China-like, which has special enlightenment significance for China people. From the creation of Ah Q, a spiritual model, to the later writing of Ah Jin, an ignorant image of his mother and aunt, Lu Xun summed up the way of life of China people fundamentally, aiming at enlightening the Chinese nation he loved to wake up from the dream of spiritual illusion, making people wake up from the hazy and hazy drunkenness, get rid of the "osawa of deception and deception", dare to face up to life, face up to the material reality, and "face up to the bleak life and face up to the dripping wet." This is precisely the most fundamental spiritual enlightenment and philosophical enlightenment.
when I visited Canada in p>24, a friend asked me, you have studied Lu Xun all your life, can you say who Lu Xun is in a simple and popular way? I thought about it and said: Lu Xun is a great thinker who deeply reflected on the spirit of China people. He taught China people who "refuse to study themselves" to understand what they are, what the world around them is, what they should do in this world, and live more clearly. This will also enlighten people in other countries.