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About the author:

Rabindranath Tagore (186 1 year-194 1 year)

Indian poet, writer, social activist, philosopher and Indian nationalist. Representative works include Gitanjali, Birds, Sand in Eyes, Four People, Family and the World, Gardeners Collection, Crescent Moon Collection, The Last Poetry, Gola, Crisis of Civilization, etc.

186 1 On May 7th, 2008, Rabindranath Tagore was born into a wealthy aristocratic family in Kolkata, India. 13 years old, can write long poems and compose poems. 1878 went to study in Britain, 1880 returned to China, specializing in literary activities. 1884 to 19 1 1, secretary of the Vatican Institute, founded an international university in the 1920s. 19 13 years, together with gitanjali, he became the first Asian to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. 194 1 wrote his last words, Crisis of Civilization, accusing the British colonial rule, believing that the motherland would be liberated independently.

Tagore's poetic style has exerted a great influence on modern literature in China, inspiring a generation of literary giants such as Guo Moruo, Xu Zhimo and Xie Wanying, and many of his works have been translated into Chinese many times. Tagore's Birds influenced Bing Xin and made her write Stars in Spring Water.

Introduction to Birds;

This is a collection of poems created by Tagore, which was first published in 19 16. This collection of poems contains 325 untitled poems, and the basic themes are mostly common things, such as grass, fallen leaves, birds, stars, rivers and so on. Most of these poems are only one or two lines, either capturing a natural landscape or telling a story. Poetry collection has no obvious logical structure and clear center, but a fragment record of the poet's feelings, thoughts and feelings in daily life.

Because poets are faithful to their own thoughts, have keen insight into nature and society, and are good at expressing their hearts, these short poems, which seem to be few words, contain rich thoughts and profound philosophies, showing a fresh, lively, beautiful and meaningful style. Birds has been translated into many languages all over the world, which has promoted the emergence and development of "Poetry Movement" in China.

Creation background

Birds was created in 19 13, and the first edition was completed in 19 16. One part of Birds was translated by the poet from his own Bengali aphorism Collection of Broken Jade (1899), and the other part was an impromptu English poem written by the poet during his visit to Japan in 19 16. The poet stayed in Japan for more than three months, and the ladies kept asking him to write a fan or a commemorative book. The poet once praised the simplicity of Japanese flying sentences, and his "Birds" was obviously influenced by this poetic style.

Bird shows the deep spiritual pursuit-the ultimate principle or god of universal love and harmony, depicts the spiritual (god) connection and organic integration of all things in nature, shows the close interaction between man and nature, love and god, and praises the freedom, equality and fraternity of life-thus producing a rich and meaningful philosophy of life. Here, the boundaries between God, nature, man and love have been blurred. The poet pursues the unity of man and God, the relationship between love and God, and the unity between God and nature, and longs for a "completely unified image" with God, that is, to achieve the unity of limited life and infinite life, that is, to reach the highest ideal state of man. Therefore, the poem reveals that people must perfect their personality, get rid of hypocrisy in thought and drive away all ugliness in their hearts, and only by combining with God in "love" and "love service". The poet expressed his dedication to life and the pursuit of meaning in his poems, which made the poems full of vitality.

Because the poet's philosophy of life is not perfect, he seems powerless in the final unity of limited life and infinite life, so he has to rely on moral self-improvement and "universal love theory" to realize unity, life perfection and social ideal.

Artistic feature

Tagore paid great attention to the description of nature in Birds. A bird, a flower, a star and a drop of rain all have humanity and vitality. He loves the whole nature. He believes that there is an internal connection between human emotions and natural forces, or that nature is integrated into human emotions, or that human emotions are integrated into nature. Only by blending in with nature can we purify our life. Nature not only provides a suggestive image, but also actively helps us erase all traces of separation in human life; Lovers may be separated, and this separation will be submerged under the green grass and flowers laughing in the sun. After reading his works, people feel that the activities of the universe and the changes of life are meaningful and happy, giving people endless courage.

In the poem, he also gave "the meaning of morning". "The arrival of every morning is not an endless repetition of trivial matters, but an eternal surprise. Because light triumphs over darkness and freedom triumphs over bound life, this is an important episode in the play. For example, in "No.235", "Don't say' it's morning', but dissolve it in the name of yesterday and treat it as an unnamed newborn baby for the first time. Another example is the thirty-second song. God's own morning is new to him. "

Poets don't write about nature for its own sake. Nature and people live in harmony here. Describing the vast nature actually gives human nature great freedom. Birds flying freely in the sky symbolizes the great freedom that human beings want but can't reach. However, the wings of homing birds at dusk remind the poet of the irresistible power of human love. "The stars are also symbols of freedom; Love and happiness. They are like flowers in full bloom in heaven, as if silently reciting God's own wonderful music. "

The basic themes of birds are mostly extremely common plants, such as grass, fireflies, fallen leaves, birds, landscapes, rivers and so on. Reading these poems is like opening the bedroom window in the early summer morning after a rainstorm and seeing a cool and sunny morning. Usually, the weak flow is magnificent, speeding up the pace of progress and humming loud songs; Sunlight falls on the leaves with water droplets, which is particularly bright, setting off the leaves into transparent colors; The flat grass seems to have absorbed enough paint, so be careful whether the jumping squirrel will get this bright green paint; There are a few white clouds on the horizon, which seem to recall the carnival last night; Everything is so fresh and bright, but the charm is very strong and intriguing. In a relaxed sentence, he expressed a profound philosophy, which is why Birds is attractive.

The influence of the work

Tagore's Birds had a great influence on modern poetry in China. After the publication of Zheng Zhenduo's translation of Birds, prose poetry became very popular in the poetry world. Xie Bingxin, a poetess, said in the preface of her collection of poems Stars that her poems were influenced by Tagore.

Evaluation of works

Tagore's Birds. This book has been written for 92 years. Now, it still looks like a magnificent sunrise, and the philosophical thoughts in the book are like an awakening.

-Li Ao, historian, writer and political commentator.