How to learn science well

Success does not depend on genius, nor does success depend on hard work. Success depends on the correct method. Success is possible only if the method is correct. It is impossible for the classmates around us and even ourselves to study hard, but their grades never improve. If we continue to increase our study time in the hope that we can improve our test scores, it always backfires. Why? Because there is something wrong with your method.

Chinese learning

The "seven-step method" of Chinese learning may be inspiring to you. The seven steps in this "seven-step method" are:

1. Read: Reading the text is the first step in review. Through reading, grasp the main idea of ??the full text and understand the author's emotions, article features and other knowledge points. Different types of texts require different reading methods: teaching-reading texts require intensive reading, all knowledge points such as characters, words, sentences, articles, etc. must be mastered in an all-round way, and exciting passages can be recited; self-reading texts require extensive reading, and some require skipping. Read ten lines at a time in order to improve your reading speed. Reading speed has also been one of the items tested in the college entrance examination in recent years.

2. Underline: While reading the text, use different symbols to outline the key sentences, central sentences, famous sentences and even new words in the text, which can not only deepen the impression, but also facilitate review and consolidation. It's clear at a glance. When you encounter a standard sentence, you may want to divide the sentence components. Complex sentences also need to indicate their relationships. Typical paragraphs should be divided into levels and summarized. When you encounter problems, you should also mark them so that you can ask teachers and classmates for help later.

3. Check: What to check? Check the reference book. Dictionaries, thesauruses, reference materials, as long as they are useful, they should be used as reference books as much as possible. Finding the answers yourself is a process of exploring learning methods and learning rules, and it is also a process of improving the ability to use reference books. For sentences that seem familiar, you might as well look up the texts you have learned in the past, connect the old and new knowledge, and "review the past and learn the new." The answers found are analyzed and distinguished, and the understanding ability can be improved.

4. Ask: "When three people are walking together, who must be my teacher?" There will inevitably be difficulties during the review process. You must study independently. If you really can't solve it, you must be good at asking teachers and classmates for advice. Sometimes you ask the teacher a question, and the teacher is likely to tell you more than one question and connect the relevant knowledge to help you understand it.

5. Write it down: As the saying goes, it is better to see it ten times than to go through it once. No matter when studying or taking exams, some students often write common words incorrectly. Why? It’s just a lack of training in writing. You may wish to write down new words, new words, and key sentences repeatedly on the basis of understanding and memorizing them. Another example is some essay questions, which often seem easy to write but difficult to write, so you have to start writing and don't be too ambitious but too weak.

6. Practice: test your mastery of knowledge by doing exercises. When doing questions, you must clarify the purpose and intention of the test questions, pay attention to summarizing, looking for patterns, drawing parallels, and enhancing your test-taking ability. When doing exercises, you should not only do them under the guidance of the teacher, but also do them consciously. We are opposed to the "question-sea tactic", but if you don't do a certain number of practice questions, you can't talk about quality. After practicing, you will know the deficiencies and provide timely feedback and corrections in order to firmly master the knowledge and skills learned.

7. Think about it: The review content can be consolidated through "thinking". It can be from point to surface, or from whole to part, or vertically or horizontally, to organically connect the knowledge points to form a knowledge system and imprint it in the mind. When you can't associate a certain knowledge point, you need to consolidate it in time through searching. The time and space you want to think about is limited. You can make full use of time and space no matter in class, after class, in school or outside school. When you are at the end of your rope, through association, you may be able to enter a situation where the flowers are bright and the flowers are dark.

Study of Mathematics

The examination of mathematics mainly focuses on basic knowledge, and the difficult questions are just a synthesis on the basis of simple questions. Therefore, the content in textbooks is very important. If you cannot master the knowledge in textbooks, you will not have the capital to draw parallels.

For the content in the textbook, it is best to preview it before class. Otherwise, if you fail to follow the teacher's steps on a knowledge point during class, you will not know why the following is happening, and such a vicious cycle will begin. Boredom math, interest is very important for learning.

You must do the targeted exercises after class carefully and not be lazy. You can also solve the class examples several times during the review after class. After all, during class, the teacher is doing the calculations and explanations of the questions, and the students are listening. It is a relatively mechanical and passive process of receiving knowledge. Maybe you think you understood it in class, but in fact your understanding of problem-solving methods has not reached a relatively deep level, and it is very easy to overlook some difficulties that must be encountered in the real problem-solving process. "A good brain is worse than a bad pen." For solutions to mathematical, physical and chemical problems, it is not enough to just rely on the general ideas in your mind. You must go through careful written calculations to discover the difficulties and master the resolution methods, and finally get the correct calculation results.

The second thing is to be good at summarizing and classifying, looking for the consistency and connections between different question types and different knowledge points, and systematizing the knowledge learned. To give a specific example: in the function part of higher algebra, we learned several different types of functions such as exponential functions, logarithmic functions, power functions, and trigonometric functions. But comparing and summarizing them, you will find that no matter what kind of function, what we need to master is its expression, image shape, parity, increase and decrease, and symmetry. Then you can make the above contents of these functions in a large table and compare them for understanding and memory. When solving problems, pay attention to the combination of functional expressions and graphics, and you will definitely get much better results.

The last thing is to strengthen after-class practice. In addition to homework, find a good reference book and try to do as many exercises as possible in the book (especially comprehensive questions and application questions). Practice makes perfect, so that you can consolidate the effects of classroom learning and make your problem-solving speed faster and faster.

Learning English

As a language, like Chinese, learning it requires a lot of reading, a lot of writing, a lot of listening and speaking training, and putting yourself in a In an English environment, improve your listening, speaking, writing and reading skills, and develop a good sense of language. Generally speaking, English learning can be divided into three major parts: pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar. They are interconnected and intertwined.

Pronunciation mainly keeps in mind some general rules by combining vocabulary. During daily practice, pay attention to write down those special irregular pronunciations at any time, and be able to correctly spell the International Phonetic Alphabet for basic vocabulary, especially some special vowels and consonant.

Vocabulary, the focus is on textbook vocabulary, and then expand on this basis. When memorizing a word, you can think of other forms of the word, or you can memorize a group of words with the same pronunciation rules or some connection in pronunciation. The mastery of words, especially verbs, should be memorized in phrases or sentences in sentences and texts.

Grammar should be combined with a lot of reading and exercises. In particular, you should be familiar with the texts and examples of various sentence patterns, and memorize as many texts and examples as possible, so that you can understand by analogy when taking the exam. Many familiar questions All can be easily solved. At the same time, extensive reading can expand vocabulary, train reading speed, and meet the needs of the college entrance examination.

Learning Physics

I once heard of the "Three Multiple Methods" of "more understanding, more practice, more summary" summarized by a Shanghai middle school student. I think this method can summarize the essentials of physics learning in high school.

To understand more means to closely grasp the preview, lectures and review, and to understand the knowledge learned from different levels and from multiple angles. Preview can be divided into rough reading and intensive reading. First, take a rough look at what you want to learn, and encircle the important parts in the form of subtitles. Then read the highlighted part carefully to gain in-depth understanding, that is, intensive reading. During class, you can purposefully listen to the teacher explain difficult points and answer questions. In this way, the knowledge will be understood more comprehensively and thoroughly. Review after class. In addition to understanding and memorizing formulas and theorems, you must also deeply understand the teacher's teaching ideas and understand the "central idea" of solving problems, that is, grasp the knowledge points of the example questions and prescribe the right medicine, and what theorem formulas should be applied to make it coherent. , programmed.

Practice more not only refers to practice to consolidate knowledge, but also refers to the "practice" of psychological quality. To consolidate the emphasis on practice not only means completing the in-class exercises carefully, but also completing a certain amount of extra-curricular exercises.

However, it is not advisable to simply "question a sea of ????tactics". You should selectively do some representative question types. Students with good foundation should also do some comprehensive questions and application questions. In addition, you should pay attention to adjusting your mentality on weekdays and cultivate a calm and confident psychological quality.

To summarize more, we must first classify and organize the classroom knowledge in detail, especially the theorem, and deeply understand its connotation, extension, derivation, application scope, etc., and summarize the connections between various knowledge points. , forming a knowledge network in the mind. Secondly, we need to analyze and summarize the solutions to various types of questions. There is another kind of summary that is also very important, which is to analyze your mistakes and weaknesses after daily exercises and exams so that you can overcome them in the future.

Chemistry learning

To learn chemistry, we must do three things, namely, grasp the basics, grasp the ideas, and grasp the rules. Paying attention to the learning of basic knowledge is the guarantee for improving abilities. Learn chemical terms such as element symbols, chemical formulas, chemical equations and other basic concepts as well as the properties of elements and compounds. When doing the questions, you should be good at summarizing the question types and problem-solving ideas. There are inherent laws among chemical knowledge. Once you master the laws, you can control and memorize knowledge. As a general rule of valence, metallic elements usually have a positive valence, non-metal elements usually have a negative valence, and the valence of elemental elements is zero. Many elements have variable valences, and the valence states are different under different conditions.

There is a saying about chemistry that chemistry is a liberal arts among sciences, because there are many things to memorize and memorize in chemistry, and chemistry is a highly experimental subject, so in the process of learning chemistry, it is necessary to Pay attention to the combination of reading and hands-on and writing. You have to do your own deductions, calculations, write structural formulas, chemical equations, or do experiments to verify, deepen your impression, and help your understanding. Sometimes you have to look up information to check and supplement certain materials. At the same time, in chemistry learning, it is a part of chemistry learning to raise the contradictions that exist within or between chemical things, that is, chemical problems, by oneself, to study and solve them by oneself, or to ask others to help solve them when one cannot solve them. This basic activity method is also a basic method to improve the effectiveness of chemistry learning.

Biology Learning

Basic Policy:

1. Biology correctly understands the body and learns the relationship between humans and the environment (plants, animals, nature) suject.

2. Don’t memorize blindly, connect it with your life experience to understand.

Application plan

1. Carefully understand the textbook content, understand and remember the basic concepts.

(1) According to the learning objectives of each unit, learn by connecting various concepts.

(2) Don’t just memorize the core matters, but conduct in-depth study step by step.

(3) Correctly understand the meanings of images, tables, and photos in textbooks.

2. Connect what you have learned with real life and understand it.

3. Compare daily terms and scientific terms with each other, make sure you understand them and then memorize them.

4. After expressing the content in pictures or tables, organize and understand it.

5. After the experiments are organized, they can be understood by linking them to concepts. (Grasp the purpose of the experiment, compare the results with your own ideas, find the gaps, and analyze the reasons for the gaps)

* Correctly understand the structure and use of the microscope, and directly observe and understand the characteristics of various organisms.

*Develop the habit of writing an experimental observation diary.

6. Focus on memorizing the explanation part of the study materials and the arrangement part of the exercise set.

7. Use different methods to memorize according to the content.

(1) Relate and memorize what you have learned.

*Write down the topics that come to mind first, regardless of the order.

*Write the central theme in the middle.

* Complete the map by connecting them with lines or diagrams according to the relationship between the knowledge.

(2) Use words that have special meaning or significance to you to memorize.

(3) Use your eyes, hands, mouth, and ears to memorize at the same time.

8. Questions you don’t understand must be solved. (Ask yourself questions first to determine which part you don’t understand before asking others for advice.)

9. Confirm what you have learned by solving problems.

(1) Sort out the questions you got wrong and focus on reviewing them before the next exam.

(2) Check the textbook and study materials for questions that are not clear to you.

(3) Solve the questions in the order of basic questions - medium difficulty questions - difficult questions to understand the content.

Others

1. When time is relatively free, such as holidays, you can start focusing on the parts that interest you. (The related parts can also cultivate interest)

2. Use encyclopedias to find things you don’t understand.

When your academic performance cannot improve, there must be something wrong with the method. We need to spend time reviewing our own learning methods, improving our learning methods, and correcting problems in our own learning methods. A breakthrough leap in performance is just around the corner.

How to learn physics well

Physics is a difficult subject in comprehensive science. The score rate in the past three years has only been around 0.5. Therefore, how to improve physics scores has become a major problem faced by candidates, so how to learn physics well has become very important. Below, we will explore how to learn physics well from several aspects.

1. Physics learning methods

1. Several methods of observation

① Sequential observation method: Observe in a certain order.

②Characteristic observation method: Observe based on the characteristics of the phenomenon.

③ Comparative observation method: Compare the observations of several experimental phenomena or experimental data before and after.

④ Comprehensive observation method: Make a comprehensive observation of the phenomenon and understand the whole picture of the observation object.

2. Process analysis method

① Simplify the process level;

② Straighten out the restriction relationship;

③ Distinguish the change conditions .

3. Cause-and-effect analysis method

① Distinguish the status of cause and effect;

② Pay attention to the correspondence between cause and effect;

③ Follow the cause to lead to the effect. Fruit Soyin.

4. Cause heuristic: Pay attention to observing various phenomena in life, and strive to use the knowledge you have learned to make complex problems simple and difficult problems easy.

Among the various high school science subjects, physics is a relatively difficult subject to learn. Most students who have studied high school physics, especially students with poor grades in physics, always have such questions: "You can understand and hear clearly in class, but you can't do it when doing questions after class." This is a common problem that deserves careful study by physics teachers and students. Let me briefly talk about some of my own opinions on the learning methods of high school physics in order to help students in their studies. First, let’s analyze the common question raised by the students above, that is, why can I understand it in class but can’t do it after class? As a science student, I have this personal feeling: For example, when I read a certain literary work, the description of the natural scenery and the description of the characters' inner activities are all amazing, and I know it is so, but If you let yourself pick up the pen and write, you may not or cannot write at the level of others. There is absolutely no problem in listening to other people's words and reading other people's articles, but it is not so easy to write it yourself and make it your own. Another example is that if a child can write something that he can say, he must go through repeated writing exercises to reach that point. Therefore, in order to change from understanding to being able to do, you must practice a lot on the basis of understanding, so that you can master the laws and secrets and truly make it your own. This is where you should work hard when studying high school physics. . How to work hard, what specific requirements should be met during the learning process, and what issues should be paid attention to, below we will analyze it in detail at several levels. Memory: When studying high school physics, you should memorize basic concepts, laws and some of the most basic conclusions, which is the so-called most basic knowledge that we often mention.

Students often ignore the memory of these basic concepts and think that learning physics does not require rote memorization of these literal things. As a result, when students are asked about physics concepts during the general review of senior high school, very few students can accurately explain them, even those in cram schools. The same is true for classmates. I can’t say absolutely how much impact incomplete memorization of physics concepts will have on your study in a certain exam or at a certain stage, but I can say with certainty that it will have a significant impact on your understanding of physical problems and the formation of your knowledge of the entire physical system. There are inherent adverse effects. You may not be able to tell which question on which exam you will lose points because of your inaccurate concepts. Therefore, learning Chinese requires memorizing famous sayings, learning mathematics requires memorizing basic formulas, and learning physics requires memorizing basic concepts and laws. This is the first prerequisite for learning physics well, and it is the most basic requirement for learning physics well. There is no such step. , the following learning is out of the question. Accumulation: It is the work after memorization in the process of learning physics. On the basis of memory, we constantly collect a lot of relevant information about physics knowledge from textbooks and reference materials. Some of this information comes from a question, some from an illustration of a question, or it may come from a short piece of reading material, etc. In the process of collecting and sorting, one must be good at analyzing and classifying different knowledge points. During the sorting process, one should find similarities and differences to facilitate memory. The accumulation process is a process of struggle between memory and forgetting. However, through repeated memorization, knowledge must be made more comprehensive and systematic, and formulas, theorems, and laws must be more closely connected. Only in this way can the purpose of accumulation be achieved. It must not be like a bear breaking a stick. Repeated work and mechanical memorization without thinking will only result in more memories than forgotten. Comprehensive: Physics knowledge is divided into chapters and sections, and the content required by the physics syllabus is also piece by piece. They are related to each other and different from each other. Therefore, in the process of physics learning, small synthesis must be continuously carried out. After the third grade knowledge is completed, Then conduct a comprehensive system synthesis. This process requires students to have high abilities. Chapter contents are related to each other, and different chapters can be compared with each other. The previous and previous knowledge can be truly integrated and connected into one. In this way, the connection of knowledge can be gradually found from the synthesis, and at the same time, the learning physics can be found. Intellectual interest. Improvement: With the memory and accumulation of previous knowledge, and then careful synthesis, you can improve your problem-solving ability. The so-called improving ability, to put it bluntly, is to improve the ability to solve and analyze problems. For a topic, we must first find out what the problem is - mechanics, heat, electromagnetism, optics or atomic physics, and then clarify the research object and combine it with what is mentioned in the topic. Only by giving conditions, applying relevant physical concepts and laws, and also using some first-level and second-level physics conclusions can we obtain the results smoothly. It is conceivable that if the basic concepts of physics are not clear, the given conditions or implicit conditions in the question cannot be seen, or the formula used to solve the problem is wrong or the first or second level conclusion should be used instead of the original formula, it will be used. The speed and accuracy of problem solving are affected, and getting high scores in exams becomes empty talk. Improvement is first about proficiency in problem solving, then flexibility in problem solving, and then innovation in problem solving methods. This includes multiple solutions to the same problem, which allows you to choose the simplest method from multiple solutions; it also includes one solution to multiple problems, which is a way to successfully solve multiple similar problems. It can be used dexterously and easily. To sum up, there are roughly six levels of learning physics, that is, first understand, then remember, practice and use, gradually become proficient, practice makes perfect, innovate, start from the initial goal of basic knowledge, and finally reach the highest state of learning physics. In the process of physics learning, according to the cognitive process from simple to complex, compare the six levels of learning, gradually discover your own position and level, identify your own shortcomings, and then determine the direction of your own improvement and efforts. Studying in high school is to prepare for university study, which puts forward higher requirements for students' self-learning ability. The basic process of physics learning mentioned above - memory, accumulation, synthesis and improvement is the process of cultivating one's own self-learning ability. , learned the learning methods, became interested in physics, and mastered the characteristics of physics, an experimental subject, that is closely integrated with practice. After hard work, I will definitely master high school physics.