Preface and Postscript, as a style, is a text describing the intention of a book (including purpose, purpose or writing motivation, etc.). Preface, also known as narrative, narrative, narration, preface, preface, introduction, introduction, etc. In ancient times, the preface was mostly placed at the back of the book, but now it is generally placed in front of the book. The preface placed at the back of the book is called postscript or postscript. The content and style of preface and postscript are roughly the same, so they can be collectively called preface and postscript. Generally, there is no postscript to ordering books. If you feel that the preface is incomplete, you can also have an afterword. Order can be divided into self-order and other order. The preface tends to explain the writing purpose, writing process and writing style of this book, and also briefly expounds the key points and difficulties in the book. The preface is sometimes called the preface. His preface often introduces and comments the author and works, or extends and develops the ideas in the book. Autopreface and heteropreface can be used together, and different genres of postscript.
Postscript is a preface written at the back of the book and at the back of the text. At first, books and articles were just in order. Because the preface is fixed in front of books and articles, if the author still has something to say, or if others want to write down their own experiences, viewpoints, textual research and other contents, they should write it at the back of books and articles, which is called post-narration (such as biography of Zhang Zhongcheng by Han Yu), post-topic (such as post-topic after reading biography of Mao Ying by Han Yu by Liu Zongyuan), and so on. For example, there are dozens of epilogues in Ouyang Xiu's collected works. Postscript and preface are the same thing, but the language is slightly different. Because the postscript, preface, and post-question are actually supplements to the preface, which is generally more concise and steep, and not as detailed and rich as the preface.
2. What is the preface and postscript? Foreword is also called "preface" or "introduction", just like today's "introduction" and "preface" It is an article that explains the intention of writing or publishing a book, the arrangement style and the author's situation. It can also include comments on writers' works and research on related issues. "Preface" is usually written in front of a book or article (some are listed in the back, such as "Preface to Historical Records"), and those listed in the back of the book are called "Postscript" or "Postscript". This kind of article belongs to expository or argumentative according to the content, and it is expository to explain the writing purpose, style and content. Comments on the author's works or explanations are argumentative. The prefaces we have studied are: the preface to Scream, the preface to Rural Investigation, the postscript to the South Record of Returning to Germany, and the Biography of Lingguan.
Preface, also known as preface, preface, etc. , is an article written before the text of the work. Generally, this work is introduced and commented, explaining its content, writing reason, process, theme and characteristics, and sometimes some relevant background materials are given to help readers understand.
Postscript is often the evaluation or feeling of the younger generation on the works of the older generation.
Foreword and postscript are located at the end of a work.
In painting, before and after a long scroll or hand scroll, there are often orderly words and postscript; In music, especially great works, there is usually an overture.
3. What are the ancient prefaces and postscripts? Stylistic name. The combination of preface and postscript. Preface is also called "narration" or "introduction". It is an article that explains the purpose of book writing or publishing, editing style and author's situation, as well as comments on the author's works and research and explanation of related issues. "Preface" is usually placed in front of a book or article, and what is placed at the back of the book is called "postscript" or "postscript". This kind of article belongs to expository or argumentative according to the different contents and expressions, and what describes the writing purpose, style and content belongs to expository. Comments on the author's works or explanations are argumentative.
Preface and Postscript, as a style, is a text describing the intention of a book (including purpose, purpose or writing motivation, etc.). Preface, also known as narrative, narrative, narration, preface, preface, introduction, introduction, etc. In ancient times, the preface was mostly placed at the back of the book, but now it is generally placed in front of the book. The preface placed at the back of the book is called postscript or postscript. The content and style of preface and postscript are roughly the same, so they can be collectively called preface and postscript. Generally, there is no postscript to ordering books. If you feel that the preface is incomplete, you can also have an afterword. Order can be divided into self-order and other order. The preface tends to explain the writing purpose, writing process and writing style of this book, and also briefly expounds the key points and difficulties in the book. The preface is sometimes called the preface. His preface often introduces and comments the author and works, or extends and develops the ideas in the book. Autopreface and heteropreface can be used together, and different genres of postscript.
Postscript is a preface written at the back of the book and at the back of the text. At first, books and articles were just in order. Because the preface is fixed in front of books and articles, if the author still has something to say, or if others want to write down their own experiences, viewpoints, textual research and other contents, they should write it at the back of books and articles, which is called post-narration (such as biography of Zhang Zhongcheng by Han Yu), post-topic (such as post-topic after reading biography of Mao Ying by Han Yu by Liu Zongyuan), and so on. For example, there are dozens of epilogues in Ouyang Xiu's collected works. Postscript and preface are the same thing, but the language is slightly different. Because the postscript, preface, and post-question are actually supplements to the preface, which is generally more concise and steep, and not as detailed and rich as the preface.
4. What are the travel classics? 1, Travel Notes of Man Jing.
Ming Dynasty: Yuan Hongdao
The weather in Beijing is very cold. After Hua's birthday, the winter is still very cold. The cold wind often blows, a piece of flying sand. I want to go out in a room as if I were at home. Every time the wind runs, it is the return of the pot.
On the 22nd, it was quiet, and some friends went straight to the east of Manjing. The sorghum is lifted, and the soil paste is slightly moist. At first glance, it is open, if it comes out. As a result, the ice skin began to melt, the waves suddenly became clear, the scales and waves were layered and crystal clear, and the crystal was as new as a mirror, but suddenly cold light came out of the box. The mountains are washed by fine snow, beautiful as a test, as bright as the face of a beautiful girl, as bright as the beginning of a bun. Wicker will stretch, but not yet. Soft buds are scattered in the wind, and wheat seedlings come out of the ground. They are short, like fur on an animal's neck, only about an inch. Although there are not many tourists, donkeys who drink spring tea, sing with wine glasses and wear donkeys can also be seen from time to time. Although the wind is still strong, walking is sweaty. Every bird exposed on the beach sipped under the scales of the waves, carefree, and there was joy between the scales of its feathers. I know there is no spring in the country, but people who live in the city don't know.
Only this official can swim between rocks and vegetation without getting into trouble. And this place is suitable for Yu, Yu's journey starts from scratch, and evil can be undisciplined? Ming dynasty, February 27th, February.
2. Travel Notes of Huangshan Mountain
Qing Dynasty: Qian Qian B.
Strange mountains, springs, clouds and pines [1]. The wonder of water, Mo Chi is in Bailongtan; The miracle of spring, Mocky is in Tangquan, all in the foothills. Taoyuan Stream flows into Tangquan, Milk Source, Baiyun Stream into Taohua Stream and Twenty-four Stream, all of which flow into the foothills. In the mountain sky, the water fills its belly, and the whipping of water is under its belly, so there is a spring under the mountain, but there is no spring on the mountain.
When the mountain is very high, there will be thunderstorms. When the clouds come out and go home, they are all in the waist. Every time I see the peaks and clouds in the sky, I can't go to their graves. For a long time, the clouds cover it, and the peak is outside the clouds. The overwhelming clouds, like the sea, suddenly broke free, like the death of a rabbit. The mountain is higher than the cloud, the sky is wide, and the cloud has no attachment.
Above the Tang Temple, the mountains are all straight and famous, with cypress, cypress, cypress, nan, rattan, sand quilt and so on, and the shade is beautiful. There are many different cliffs on the old man's peak, and the negative stone will never come out. In the past, there was no tree that was not loose, and there was nothing strange: there were roots as big as a shin, roots bent into acres, roots that only searched for feet, branches that sparsely covered the roadside, those that went down the cliff, those that burst through the seams, those that were as narrow as feathers, those that were as straight as dragons, those that lay up and those that lay down again. On the left side of the Wenshuyuan, behind the ladder, the mountain shape is very relaxed, leaning back and pitching with people, which is particularly strange. At the beginning of the north cliff of Xinfeng, a pine tree was covered by the south cliff, and its branches were supported in degrees, commonly known as grafting pine. Its western boulder stands upright, and a pine tree is three feet high and one acre wide. It bends and supports the cliff and goes through the top. Stones split from the middle and tangled together, called disturbing longsong. Stalagmite workers and alchemists protrude from the top of the mountain, without support and fat. One stone and one loose, like the first one, like the hood, staggered into the clouds, and the distance was like a glimpse, strange and mysterious, so that you could not say anything. Loose soil, stone is soil, its body is skin, and dry stone is also. Raising sex, killing frost and snow, and striving for the vitality of the bridge, the armor is too ancient, and it is also a genus of gold paste water, green medicine and Cao Ling, which is also extraordinary. Isn't it rude to use it as a basin and play near it?
Climbing the stairs to the east, the long pine thunders, which span dozens of feet, are row upon row of anger. People who pass by cherish it. Xiao Yu said: "The creator reversed the play and made it have a history of more than one hundred years. I don't know how to make it a wonder. Wu people sell flowers, pick old plum branches and bend their backs, and make an appointment to offer spring as a bottle of flowers to praise each other. It is loose and a branch of creation. " A thousand years later, someone will laugh at me.
3. Night tour of Chengtian Temple
Northern Song Dynasty: Su Shi
Genpox, on the night of October 12, 2006, took off his clothes and went to bed. He just saw the moonlight on the door and got up happily for a walk. Thinking that there was no one to play with, I went to the Tianhou Palace to find Zhang Huaimin. People didn't sleep, so we walked in the yard together. The courtyard is as empty as water, and the algae and grass in the water are intertwined and covered with bamboo and cypress. What night is there no moonlight? Where is there no bamboo and cypress? It's just the lack of free people like us.
4. "Looking at the Lake Pavilion Snow"
Ming Dynasty: Zhang Dai
In December in Chongzhen, I lived by the West Lake. It snowed for many days, and the noise of pedestrians and birds in the lake disappeared. At about eight o'clock this evening, I took a boat, wore a fur coat and took a stove to see the snow in the middle of the lake. Ice flowers are all over the sky, the sky is bright and watery, and the sky is pure white. The shadow of the lake, only a trace of a long beach, a little outline of the lake, and my boat, two or three boat people on board. (Left: Mao Yu)
In the pavilion in the middle of the lake, I saw two people laying blankets and a child cooking a wine stove. Seeing it, I was overjoyed and said, "There is no such person in the lake!" " Pull me together and drink with me. I tried to drink three glasses of wine and then said goodbye to them. Ask them what their surnames are. They are from Nanjing and are guests in this place. While waiting for the boat, the boatman murmured, "Stop talking about your Excellency, you idiot, and people like you are crazy!" " ! "
5. Koishiyama
Tang Dynasty: Liu Zongyuan
From Xishan Road to the north, after crossing Huangmaoling, there are two roads: one goes west and finds nothing; One is less in the north and east, but 40 feet, the soil is broken and Sichuan is divided, and there are accumulated stones across its vastness. Above it, it is the shape of a beam; Next to the castle pier, if there is a door, you can see that it is black, throwing pebbles, and there is water in the hole, which has been ringing for a long time. The ring can be seen far up. Without soil, a good tree and a beautiful arrow were born, strange and powerful. Its sparse number is suppressed, which is also determined by the wise.
Hey! I have doubted the existence of the creator for a long time, and the more I think it is sincere. It's strange that it's not Zhongzhou, but Yidi, who won't sell it for a thousand years. It's hard work and useless. If the fairy is not suitable, will it be fruitless? Or: "to comfort your husband, to be ashamed of this person." Or: "Qi Qi is not a great man, but a unique thing, so there are fewer people and more stones in southern Chu." Both. I don't believe it.
5. Inspirational Classical Chinese 1 Ru 'nan Chen Zhongju and Li Yingchuan Yuanli, two people, * * * reward on merit, can't decide the order.
Cai Bojie commented: "Chen Zhongju is better than criminals, while Li Yuanli is strict about taking photos. It is difficult to make mistakes and it is easy to take pictures. " Zhong Ju was under the "Three Kings" and Yuan Li was above the "Eight Kings".
Pang Shiyuan defected to the State of Wu, and the people of Wu became friends with him. Seeing Lu Ji, Gu Shao and Quan Cong, he said: "Lu Zi's so-called four horses have the power to escape, while Gu Zi's so-called four cows can carry loads and reach far.
"Or ask:" As you wish, did Lu conquer evil? Holmium horse is fast, but it can attract one ear. Niu Yi travels hundreds of miles every day, leading to a person? "Wu people have no difficulty.
"The son of the whole city has a good reputation, like Fan Zizhao of Runa. Gu Shaochang talked with Pang Shiyuan and asked, "Wen Zi knows people by their names, which is better, me or your first step? "Ho-ho: Ho-ho-ho cultivates the world and rises and falls with the times. I am not as good as a son; I seem to have a day's experience about Wang Ba's remaining strategy.
"I also said. Zhuge Jin was born from his younger brother, and became famous all over the world, each in one country.
At that time, I thought, "Shu gets its dragon, Wu gets its tiger, and Wei gets its dog." "Born in Wei He; Jin is in Wu, and Wu is convinced of his generosity.
King Sima Wen asked Wu Shuo, "Why is Chen Xuanbo as ordinary as his father? He said: "It is better to master the knowledge of elegance and be able to teach the world as its own responsibility. ":Be concise, make contributions and live." At first, people compared Xun to Wu Zi and Chen Wu Zi: Xun □ (Mi Shi), Xun, Xun Shuangfang, Chen Ji, Xun □ (or Ji), Xun and Chen Tai.
August 8th Kings: Pei Xiang, Pei Wang Yifu, Pei Kangfang Wang Sui, Pei Chufang Wang Cheng, Pei Jundun, Pei Dao, Pei□ (dangerous page) Chen Fang Wang Rong, Pei Peifang Wang Xuan. The two sons of Jizhou secretariat Yang Zhun, Joe and Temminick, are all finished.
I will definitely make friends with Pei □ (dangerous page) and I really want to see him. □ (Dangerous Page) Generous by nature, Ai Qiao has a high rhyme, which means: "Joe should be a good friend, and he will be short-tempered.
Generosity and purity, and rashness is a test of God, which means that it is accurate to say, "Joe is self-sufficient and clear, but rashness is particularly delicate." Huaixiao said, "The quality of my son is the quality of Pei and Yue.
Critics say that although Joe is high in rhyme, he can't be checked; Le Yan is the winner. But he's a handsome man.
When I first arrived in Romania, I met a celebrity and sighed, "Wang Yifu is too understanding, Le Yanfu is my respect, and Zhang Maoxian is my ignorance. He is good at using short skills, but Du Fu is not good at using long skills. Wang Yiyun: "Autumn insects are better than Manfen and Long Hao.
These three people have no talent, and they are all the first to arrive. 10 Wang Yifu compared Wang Donghai to Yue Ling, so Wang Zhonglang erected a monument: "At that time, it was advertised as Mr. and Mrs. Yue Guang.
"1 1 Yu corps commander and Wang are flying in the wild. 12 When General Wang was in the Western Jin Dynasty, he met Zhou Hou, and he could not live without stirring up obstacles.
After crossing the river to the left, he could not recover. King Qi sighed, "If you don't know if you can get in, Boren will retreat." "13 back to-(Ma Fei) Yuan Dynasty and Huan Xuan chivalrous men, talented, rational and promising. Prime Minister Wang said □ (): "There are public talents without public expectations, and Ding Tan has public expectations without public talents. Where is the beauty of both? "□ (Ma Fei) lost if he didn't reach it.
14 asked Zhou Boren: "What does Qing call himself like? Zhou said, "If you have time, learn from me. Asked Xi again, Xi said, "Zhou Ji Chen Bi has a national style." .
Under General Wang of 15, he asked, "There are four friends. Which one is it? A: "Your family is Lang, and my family is Qiu, A Ping and Hu Wunuo. Flat is the worst.
Yu said: "It seems that I am not willing to be inferior." Yu asked again, "Who is the only thrill?" "The king said," there are people.
"ask again:" what is it? " Wang said, "Hey! Have their own public opinion. "About NieGong, justice in the check.
16 people asked the Prime Minister Wang: "How did Zhou Hou get along in harmony?" Answer: Geng (eh? )。 17 Ming Di asked Xie Kun, "What do you call yourself? A: "At the end of the temple, I am not as bright as I am; "A hill and a ravine, claiming to be.
"18 Wang's second brother didn't cross the river, saying he was handsome and open. Speaking of it, it is better than Deng Bodao and more open than Wen Zhongwu. It's also a negotiation and a drink.
19 asked Zhou Yue, "What's the point of comparing Qing with Zhou Yue? Zhou Yue said, "Your Majesty doesn't have to be attached." The 20th Prime Minister Wang said, "Let's talk about my comparison with Ann and Wan Li.
Also push these two people; Only * * * pushes Qiu, which is a special performance. "2 1 Song□ (Wei Wei) was the concubine of General Wang and later returned to Xie Zhenxi.
Zhenxi asked □ (Wei Wei): "What kind of king do I look like?" A: "The king is more important than the monarch and the nobility." Zhenxi is so enchanting.
22 Ask Zhou Boren: "How does Qing claim to be like Yu Yuangui?" Right: "Outside the depression, the brightness is not as good as that of the minister; I am not as clever as the minister. " Prime Minister Wang appointed Lantian as a slapper. Yu Gong asked the Prime Minister, "What is Lantian like?" Wang Dao: "It's really simple and expensive. It's not less spacious than your family.
"24 Bian Yun:" If there are three evils in the public body, it will help, so suicide and vice versa will be good; Treating the body and clearing the virginity, put in order school, the other; Love reading, hate learning, three evils. In the 25th century, Wen Tai was really a second-rate river crossing man.
Celebrities say people are the first to do it, and the temperature is often eclipsed. The Prime Minister Wang said, "You can always afford to meet Xie Renzu.
When did you talk to me? I just raised my hand and said, "I feel ashamed." Sorry, there is no translator.