Academic News №1213 Lu Institute of Technology, Beijing Department 2005/06/3 p.7001-7031

Abstract This article mainly introduces the current domestic non-mainstream research on the theory of relativity and a brief overview of the challenges to the theory of relativity. When discussing the research and challenges to the general covariance principle based solely on mathematical perfection, he pointed out that when Mao Zedong talked with Li Zhengdao in 1974, he said that he could not understand that symmetry would be held to such a high status in physics. In fact, the mathematically perfect symmetry theory relies on extremely advanced mathematical tools, and a mathematically perfect asymmetric theory must be developed purely for the purpose of popularization (but it is consistent with physical symmetry, such as the principle of conservation of energy, etc.); that is, This asymmetric theory is developed and applied to replace symmetric theories such as general relativity, starting from physical meaning rather than from mathematical perfection. This may be the right direction, or it may be the advantages and expertise of the Chinese. Some scholars in our country have taken important and solid steps in establishing this asymmetric theory to replace the theory of relativity. In addition, the paper discusses the methods of researching and challenging the theory of relativity regarding the equivalence principle, space-time theory, the principle of relativity, the principle of invariance of the speed of light and superluminal speed, Lorentz transformation, several results of the theory of relativity (shrinkage of clocks, etc.) and unified theory. Main results. There are three main ways to transcend relativity. The first one: completely abandon Newton's theory and Einstein's theory and establish a new theory. Some of these new theories can derive or cover the relevant formulas of Newton's theory and the theory of relativity. The second one: retain the reasonable parts of the theory of relativity and modify and innovate Einstein's theory. The third one: Return to Newton’s starting point, modify and innovate Newton’s theory. Finally, including transcending the theory of relativity, a broader and more important issue is how the Chinese scientific and technological community can reproduce the glory of the four great invention eras. Regarding this issue, many people realize that the Chinese scientific and technological community must not crawl behind others and must Try to make full use of your own advantages, including drawing nutrients from thousands of years of splendid culture and scientific and technological achievements, and achieve leapfrog progress. What is the biggest advantage of China’s science and technology industry? It is Chinese scientific and technological workers who have a better understanding and mastery of materialist dialectics and natural dialectics than any other country's scientific and technological workers, and they have achieved preliminary results in the application of materialist dialectics and natural dialectics.

Keywords relativity; research; challenge; transcendence

Foreword

In June 2004, the 58th session of the United Nations General Assembly passed a resolution establishing 2005 as " International Year of Physics”.

The Chinese Physical Society said in its 2005 New Year's message that with the ringing of the New Year, the "World Year of Physics" - every physicist's own festival has finally come to us. In this exciting moment, let us recall the past and look forward to the future, so that the basic discipline of "physics" can re-radiate its charming brilliance. The New Year message also said that Einstein was only 26 years old when he completed those masterpieces in 1905. His extraordinary insights into the laws of nature amazed all physicists. However, a hundred years have passed and Einstein has not been surpassed. Is Einstein really insurmountable? L.M. Lederman, the 1988 Nobel Prize winner in physics, firmly believes that among the 6 billion people in the world, there must be a young heart as wise as Einstein waiting to be discovered. Let us search and work together to create a glorious future for physics!

When mentioning the "World Year of Physics", one must mention Einstein and the theory of relativity. However, different people have different evaluations of Einstein and the theory of relativity. As for how to surpass Einstein and how to surpass the theory of relativity, it is a matter of opinion and wisdom. In the ancient and vast fertile soil of China, a large number of insightful people, including mainstream and non-mainstream groups, are making arduous efforts to surpass Einstein and transcend the theory of relativity. What is particularly worth mentioning is that, with very little funding and extremely poor conditions, the non-mainstream groups who studied the theory of relativity and challenged it produced many commendable deeds and numerous fruitful achievements.

Since only a few of these results can be published publicly, in order to more comprehensively reflect the main results of domestic non-mainstream groups studying relativity and challenging relativity, according to the work arrangements of the Beijing Relativity Research Association and President Wu Shuiqing, with the strong support of many colleagues and seniors Below, we have written this article to the best of our ability and based on the information we have collected that is far from comprehensive. I hope it will be helpful to future research on the theory of relativity and challenges to the theory of relativity, and I hope it can serve as a starting point.

This article mainly includes the overall evaluation and partial evaluation of the theory of relativity, as well as the research and challenges on the main viewpoints and main theoretical basis of the special theory of relativity and general relativity. Among them, the results of non-mainstream groups are mainly the results.

The review regulations proposed by Wu Shuiqing, President of the Beijing Relativity Research Association, for the magazine "Gewu" are: All manuscripts are judged and adopted based on the three criteria of "innovation", "self-consistency" and "the author is responsible for the article", and no A judgment on whether the argument is correct or not. This is also the criterion for collecting relevant research results in this article.

1 Overall and partial evaluation of the theory of relativity

Regarding the overall evaluation of the theory of relativity, the Beijing Relativity Research Association website () has voted on the following five views. Since 2003 From 12:00 on September 23, 2005 to 10:00 on May 2, 2005, 1,425 people participated in ***, and the results are as follows:

(1) Absolutely wrong, 736 people, accounting for 51.65;

(2) Completely correct, 188 people, accounting for 13.19;

(3) Needs correction, 406 people, accounting for 28.49;

(4) It doesn’t matter , 40 people, accounting for 2.81;

(5) Not necessary, 55 people, accounting for 3.86.

It can be seen from the above results that only a very small number of people think that the theory of relativity is completely correct, while more than half think that the theory of relativity is absolutely wrong.

Considering that some people have not made an overall evaluation of the theory of relativity, the views that "need to be revised" can be further subdivided. Therefore, in order to facilitate discussion, the overall evaluation and partial evaluation of the theory of relativity mainly include the following views:

(1) The theory of relativity is completely correct and can be further developed and improved within its framework;

(2) The theory of relativity is absolutely wrong and needs to be completely replaced by a new approach;

(3) The merits of the theory of relativity outweigh its faults, so some of its errors need to be corrected and the theory of relativity needs to be revised;

(4) ) The faults of the theory of relativity are greater than the merits (or the merits and demerits are equal), and it is necessary to open a new path based on absorbing its reasonable parts;

(5) does not involve the overall evaluation of the theory of relativity, only discusses the direct relationship with the theory of relativity or indirectly related to specific issues.

Among the non-mainstream sects, very few people hold the first view; there are many more people who hold the second view than those who hold the first view. There are also quite a few people who hold the third to fifth views. The fifth point of view needs special emphasis. Because those who hold the fifth view cover the widest range. Among them are not only natural science workers, but also social science workers, especially some important philosophers. In fact, this article will use a certain amount of space to discuss and expand some issues based on the fifth perspective.

The following lists the main viewpoints and more influential viewpoints of the overall evaluation and partial evaluation of the theory of relativity, as well as relevant historical facts.

Academician Song Jian boldly questioned Einstein and called on young scientists to dare to innovate. He read out a scientific report entitled "Aerospace, Astronautics and Light Barriers" at the 242nd Xiangshan Conference. It pointed out that exactly 100 years ago, in his paper on special relativity that shocked the world's scientific community, Einstein once made a famous saying: "There cannot be any motion greater than the speed of light." Today's scientific community Call this the "light barrier." However, this "extrapolation" has not yet been proven by any direct experiments.

The development of aerospace technology in recent years has prompted scientists to scrutinize and reflect: Why can't spacecraft exceed the speed of light? The current maximum speed of the spacecraft is 16 kilometers per second. Even if it is increased by two orders of magnitude to 3,000 kilometers per second, it will take at least 400 years to travel to and from Proxima Centauri, another sun-like star closest to the solar system! Aerospace scientists such as Song Jian I know in my heart that the jet speed of the rocket engine must be close to or exceed the speed of light of 300,000 kilometers per second. Only then can humans complete this 4.2 light-year round trip to the universe in 3 to 5 years. Otherwise, they will always be able to circle around the sun. .

Lu Yongliang, Director of the Lu Hefu Research Institute and President of Ford Trading Company of Canada, gave a speech at the first annual meeting of the Beijing Relativity Research Association on June 11, 2004, "Challenging Einstein's Theory of Relativity" " pointed out that Academician Lu Hefu discovered many shortcomings in Einstein's theory of relativity during his research, so he began to study the vacuum field structure of the universe in 1976. In 1991, he and his assistant Mr. Wang Shiming wrote the paper "A Direct Test of Mach's Principle", which was published in the last November-December 1995 issue of the American Journal of Galilean Electrodynamics. In the preface of this paper, the magazine's editor-in-chief Haydn commented that this paper opened up a new way to challenge Einstein's theory. After the paper was published, Westminster Lee and Hangefer, chairman of the physics department at the University of Houston, who had made great contributions to the paper, immediately wrote comments to congratulate this amazing and important achievement, saying that it was 30 years ahead of science. Major Chinese newspapers and periodicals in the United States reported on this latest development in physics based on the key points of the press release prepared by my eldest brother. The key points of the press release drafted by my elder brother are as follows: It is based on the transverse Doppler effect caused by the inertial motion of photons, and after careful calculations and comparison with the experimental data of American physicists IVES and STILWELL, two important conclusions are drawn: 1. The transverse Doppler effect is anisotropic in the universe. 2. The inertial properties of photons are determined by the structure of the entire universe and are consistent with the MACH principle. The correctness of the MACH principle has been tested in a direct way. This test is a serious challenge to Einstein's theory. Just imagine that Einstein's theory of relativity is about pure gravity, but the universe is not pure gravity. How can we use Einstein's theory of relativity, which is a pure theory of gravity, to summarize the evolution of the universe? Einstein also said this in his speech in Amsterdam in 1920. Physics is not yet complete, and it is still dualism - the dualism of electromagnetic force and gravity, the dualism of space and planets. Lu Hefu's theory has rushed towards the ultimate theory that Hawking expected. Hawking's thinking has not got rid of Einstein, but Lu Hefu's theory has gone beyond Einstein theory. When my father accepted congratulations from all parties in the United States on the overseas phone, he summed up that this paper "just poked a hole in the sky," which meant that it poked a hole in Einstein's theory of gravity. My father believed that his paper was in favor of Mach's theory. Mach's theory was not one-sided, did not look at problems separately, and connected the entire universe for analysis. Einstein's theory was applicable in and around the earth, but not far away. My father believes that Einstein's theory and current mainstream physics only look at the problem locally and study the universe separately, and he strongly disagrees with this. This paper was my father's first paper to challenge Einstein, and it was the prologue. He also prepared many papers and prepared to publish them in installments. Unfortunately, he passed away. After the second paper he drafted, it was published in At a meeting held in St. Petersburg, Russia, in July 2000, we announced and proposed the quantum gravity equation of the universe, which unified the four forces, electromagnetic force, gravity, strong and weak interaction forces. However, due to the lack of my father’s final draft and Polished, its publication did not create the same buzz as the first paper.

Researcher Zheng Zhipeng, honorary vice president of the Beijing Relativity Research Association, former director of the Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, honorary editor-in-chief of the American magazine "Gewu", and editor-in-chief of the magazine "High Energy Physics and Nuclear Physics" clearly pointed out : Regarding the research on the theory of relativity, different opinions should be allowed and people with different opinions should be allowed to express their opinions. We advocate the policy of "letting a hundred flowers bloom and a hundred schools of thought contend". It is the correct attitude to present facts and reason, and not to pick on others, not to label them, not to use sticks, and not to make personal attacks.

Innovation should be emphasized in everything, so that it can remain unchanged. The same should be true for relativistic research. As long as we present facts, prove it through experiments, and have scientific basis, we should admit it. It is abnormal to not say 'no' to the theory of relativity.

At the academic conference on Einstein’s theory of relativity (July 29-30, 2000, Beijing), more than 10 scholars including Xu Shaozhi, Hao Jianyu and Li Yinghua insisted that the arguments revealed at the conference were sufficient to prove , the theory of relativity is a theoretical system based on wrong mathematical foundations and false theoretical premises. It has no scientific value. It is untrue to say that it has "been experimentally verified".

Researcher of the Lu Hefu Institute of Objects, consultant of the Beijing Office of the Lu Hefu Institute of Objects, honorary vice president of the Beijing Relativity Research Association, and editorial board member of the American magazine "Guru" Zheng Quan (1924-2004), in 1961 He put forward the argument that "Michelson's experiment denies that the speed of light has nothing to do with the light source", and also proposed for the first time in the world that photons have rest mass. In January 1990, my country’s first monograph on relativity by non-physics majors, “Problems in Modern Physics—Questions on the Theory of Relativity”, was officially published. It has been published on its own website (Http//quanzheng.yeah.net) since 2000. His "My Views on Current Research on the Theory of Relativity" and "My Experience in Researching the Theory of Relativity" were respectively published in "Academic Trends" Issue 180, Pages 542 to 543 and Issue 181, Page 544, sponsored by the Beijing Office of the Lu Hefu Institute of Physics Published on pages 546 to 546. At the 12th Lu Hefu Forum, he published a long report on "The View of Space and Time is the Foundation of Physics" and published the main viewpoints since the study of the theory of relativity. In the appendix "Introduction to Some Scholars Who Questioned and Denied the Theory of Relativity and Their Works" in the book "Chaos of Space and Time - A Critique of Einstein's Theory of Relativity" written by Lei Yuanxing and published by Sichuan Science and Technology Press in 2001, Zheng Quanhe was recommended first. His monograph "Problems in Modern Physics - Questioning the Theory of Relativity" writes: "Zheng Quan is an editor and reviewer of the Science Press. In October 1982, he completed the book "Problems in Modern Physics - Questioning the Theory of Relativity". Because of the well-known Because of this, it was delayed until January 1990 before it was published by the Academic Publishing House." His main points in the book "Problems in Modern Physics - Questioning the Theory of Relativity" are: ① Copernicus' heliocentric theory has been tested by a large number of facts. Inspected. Einstein did not answer various questions that should be answered. It is unconvincing to simply put the Ptolemaic system and the Copernican system in the same position based on the reason that motion only has relativity. ②The formulas used in the theory of relativity are no different from Newton's, and there is no difference in the fact that inertial mass and gravitational mass are equal, but it seems to have discovered something new that Newtonian mechanics has not discovered, which can't help but give people a feeling of being mysterious. ③The theory of relativity links the mass increase effect with the space-time change effect, thus believing that the rest mass of photons is equal to zero. Accepting this theory will inevitably lead to the negation of the two laws of mass conservation and energy conservation in classical physics, and the negation of these two laws is an important reason for various divergent opinions. ④If the experimental result is that the flying atomic clock runs as fast as the ground atomic clock, the relativist will say that this is because the relative speed of the eastward and westward flying atomic clocks and the observer is the same. In other words, no matter what happens, the theory of relativity can be said to have been verified. How can it be unbelievable? ⑤ Some people regard black holes as verification of general relativity. In fact, black holes are just a dense celestial body. It is difficult to confirm whether such a celestial body exists. Even if it exists, it cannot be said to be a verification of the general theory of relativity. Because according to Newtonian mechanics, the same point of view can also be obtained.

Zheng Quan pointed out in "The Key to the Theory of Relativity" that the theory of relativity has the following key issues: 1. The view of relative space and time is the core view of the theory of relativity and also the most controversial view. It is based on two basic principles of the speed of light derived from Michelson's experiment. Whether these two basic principles can be established at the same time is the main key. 2. Einstein believed that observers on a rotating disk have the right to say that the disk does not rotate. Gentlemen who believe in the theory of relativity are probably not aliens. Do they have the right to say that the earth does not rotate?

This is a popular science book designed to help the public increase their wisdom. This book introduces the author's origins, exploration process, and independent understandings he has gained in studying Einstein's theory of relativity and understanding of the scientific universe. The author hopes that by reading the objective facts about time, space, relative motion, interaction, and physical reference systems pointed out in this book, and by comparing and commenting on Einstein's theory of relativity with the above objective facts, readers can gain a broad and in-depth understanding of Understand the relevant objective facts and gain an independent understanding of what Einstein's theory of relativity is. At this point, we have reached the goal of "outsmarting Einstein" mentioned in this book.

In the book "Basic Analysis of Natural Philosophy - Philosophical and Mathematical Reflections on the Theory of Relativity", Yang Benluo follows the basic principle of the primacy of matter in natural science and the basic principle of logical self-consistency in scientific statements. Paying attention to the overall analysis and historical analysis of theoretical research, he has conducted extensive research on the theory of relativity and the natural sciences starting from Newtonian mechanics from the aspects of philosophy and mathematics, and put forward a series of his own original opinions.

Zhou Jianghua pointed out in "A Comprehensive Review of Einstein's Theory of Relativity" that the theory of general relativity speculatively explains gravity from different perspectives of space and time, and cannot answer the most realistic questions about the nature of gravity at all. For example: How does the earth (planet) form its own material condensation and gravity? Until now, the nature of gravity is still a difficult problem in physical science that needs to be revealed. I would like to ask the theory of relativity "the theory of infinite mass of objects near the speed of light". Does it mean that humans only need to produce one steamed bun, and as long as the speed of this steamed bun is increased, it will become a steamed bun with infinite mass, meeting the food needs of all mankind? When we finish reading Einstein's "Theory of Relativity", do you have the feeling that first he confuses the concept of nouns himself, and then brings you into this confused noun concept, so that you are in the confusion of nouns? Galloping freely in concepts will give you infinite courage to engage in special research on confusing noun concepts. Once you understand it, you will become a talent, and you will be able to reveal all scientific problems.

Of course, there are also some scholars who speak highly of the theory of relativity.

Shen Huichuan pointed out in "My World Line: The Theory of Relativity" that Einstein and the theory of relativity have become my belief and a part of myself. In physics, what can be "forever tenable", in addition to analytical mechanics (including Lagrange mechanics, Hamilton mechanics and Birkhoff system dynamics) and thermodynamics, is the theory of relativity (including special relativity and general relativity, or special relativity) and general relativity). These three disciplines can be said to be the "iron triangle" in physics and the "constraints" that other physical disciplines must abide by; they are physics within physics and philosophy within physics. The rest of science, including quantum mechanics, is changing and may not be completely correct. ...The requirements of relativity theory have always been the basic standard for me to review other articles (including my own articles).

It is worth noting that in reference [3], Zeng Kangyi not only challenged Newtonian mechanics, relativity, and quantum mechanics, but also demonstrated that material motion has important consequences in space and time, matter, energy, force fields, etc. Through its extensive unification, it established a system of universal laws of material motion, proved the existence of super-light motion, predicted the deep structure of elementary particles, etc.; and also proposed a new mathematical theory - functional calculus theory.

At present, one of the most powerful challenges to the theory of relativity may come from Mao Zedong as a philosopher. This seems to have not been paid enough attention to. The reason for this may be that the challenge is performed indirectly. As we all know, general relativity is the most successful symmetry theory starting from mathematical perfection. And symmetry theory pretty much dominates the world of physics so far. Regarding symmetry issues, the level of understanding of many Western natural scientists is far below that of modern Chinese philosophers. When Mao Zedong talked with Li Zhengdao in 1974, he said that he could not understand that symmetry would be held in such a high position in physics [4]. If we follow this point of view, "symmetry" should be pulled down from the altar of physics, which fundamentally constitutes a challenge and shakeup to the theory of relativity. We will also discuss this in detail below.

Symmetry theory based on mathematical perfection relies on extremely advanced mathematical tools. This is the fundamental reason why general relativity cannot be popularized so far. The theory of asymmetry should also be developed purely for the purpose of popularization. Developing and applying asymmetry theory may be the Chinese's strengths and expertise.

In fact, some scholars in our country have taken important and solid steps in establishing asymmetry theory.

In "On the Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics", Cui Junda said when someone suggested that his "composite space-time theory does not meet the requirements of covariance", yes! That's it! But this does not mean that the composite space-time theory is wrong! In fact, all of you "quantum mechanics experts" should have some basic common sense about quantum mechanics, that is, Sch?dinger's equation does not meet the covariance requirements of the theory of relativity! Then why didn't they criticize Sch?dinger's equation? ! In fact, many people raised the issue of covariance to me at the mathematical physics symposium on composite space-time theory held in 1979. My own thinking is also evolving. But in the end I can say clearly that we have to give up the principle of special relativity, that is, give up the covariance condition. Only in this way can quantum mechanics find a space-time structure that is consistent with it, which is the composite space-time theory. It is more appropriate to develop quantum theory on this basis.

In "A Breakthrough - The Role and Status of Hidden Parameters in Modern Physics", Xuan He shows that they are derived from dynamic parameters that physicists have not yet noticed when studying the system. Out of view of time and space. Since this hidden parameter can be directly measured and has an impact on mass, time and space, the new space-time view has its corresponding position in physics. It is true that the introduction of this parameter destroys the inherent symmetry of the generalized transformation group that is the basis of the mathematical expression of the theory of relativity, and is not popular among people. Unpopularity is always the case with new discoveries, for it often shakes old beliefs.

Some specific issues are discussed below.

2 Research and Challenges to General Relativity

General Relativity is a theory that studies the gravitational interaction of matter in time and space. The basis for it was completed by Einstein in 1915. There have been some new developments since the 1960s. The basic principles of general relativity are the equivalence principle and the general covariance principle.

The following discusses the research and challenges on the basic principles and main conclusions of general relativity.

Lin Jin: It’s a long story. In the early 1970s, when I was decentralized to work, I suddenly thought in my spare time: the principle of navigation measurement may have something to do with the theory of relativity. From then on, I just kept doing it as a hobby.

Later I discovered that the GPS system in the United States began to deploy the network in the 1970s, and it was not until 1994 that the network was successfully established. Based on the space launch capabilities of the United States, it is impossible for 24 satellites to take such a long time to launch. It may be that the time synchronization problem between the satellites and the ground station or between the satellites has not been solved, that is, the clocks are not adjusted properly, and a long period of debugging is required. Later, my guess was confirmed by Yang Fumin, deputy director of the Shanghai Observatory.

During a trip to the United States, I met the first-generation chief designer of the GPS system and mentioned this problem to him. He did not deny that the GPS system did have a problem with the clock, and gave him a I have two books and wish me success in my research experiment.

From the book, I found that the GPS system missed half of the relativistic corrections. According to Einstein's special theory of relativity, time slows down for objects in relative motion. People often use this to infer that the older brother who traveled to the stars is still a young man, while the twin brother who stayed on earth has become an old man. This is the "twin paradox".

In fact, this situation is impossible to happen at all. This kind of reasoning is just the result of extrapolation from the Lorentz transformation. The core of the measurement principle of the GPS system is the problem of clock alignment. GPS uses the one-way signal transmission time interval to measure distance. The clock on the GPS satellite, the clock of the ground monitoring network and the user's clock are in a state of constant relative motion in the gravitational field.

Through research, I found that the GPS system unifies the clock times of various moving navigation satellites to the ground stationary clock time, which just repeats the mistake of the "stationary ether" absolute reference system and violates the principle of love. Einstein's theory of relativity of the simultaneity of stationary systems, that is: there is no superior reference system for electromagnetic phenomena (including electromagnetic signal propagation), and all inertial systems are equal