Huangfu Mi, whose real name is Shi 'an, was named Jing when he was young. He was a native of Anding (now Lingtai County, Pingliang City, Gansu Province) and the great-grandson of Huang Fusong, commander-in-chief of the Han Dynasty. Huangfu Mi adopted his uncle as his son and moved to Xin 'an with him. He didn't study hard until he was twenty, and he idled around all day, or some people thought he was a fool. Huangfu Mi once got some melons and fruits, and always gave them to his aunt Stone Man. The stone man said: "The Book of Filial Piety says,' Although you support your parents with cattle, sheep and pigs every day, you are still unfilial.' You are almost twenty years old this year. You have never read a book with your eyes, and you don't understand the truth in your heart. Nothing can comfort me. So he sighed and said, "In the past, Monk's mother moved three times, making Mencius a great scholar of benevolence;" Zeng Shen's father killed pigs, which made the education of keeping his promise last forever. Is it because I didn't choose a good neighbor, and there is a lack of educational methods? Otherwise, how could you be so reckless and stupid! Cultivate one's morality and concentrate on your studies. This is your own income. What can I get? " My aunt cried in the face of Huangfu Mi. Huangfu Mi was deeply moved and inspired his ambition, so he went to Xitan, a fellow countryman, to study tirelessly. His family is very poor. When he personally took part in agricultural labor, he studied classics and finally learned from hundreds of classics. Huangfu Mi is quiet and has no extravagant hopes. Since then, he has set up lofty aspirations and made writing books his career. In the name of Mr. Xuanyan himself, he has written books such as Rites and Music and Sanctity and Truth. Later, I got wind joint pain, but I still couldn't let it go.

Huangfu Mi is advised to make friends to gain fame. Huangfu Mi thought to himself, "If you are not a saint, how can you be an official and make friends to gain a good name?" ? Living in the country can still enjoy the good name of Yao and Shun. Since you are not a saint, why should you make friends with dignitaries and be busy with business to gain a good reputation? Therefore, Huangfu Mi wrote Xuan Shou Lun to answer those who advised him to make friends. He wrote in Metaphysics:

Someone told Huangfu Mi: "Wealth is what everyone wants, and poverty is what everyone hates. Why not take care of yourself and wait for poverty without making changes? And morally speaking, the most valuable thing is to govern the country, and for ordinary people, it is a beautiful thing to eat, drink and be merry in time. My husband is old, his teeth have changed, and he doesn't even have enough food and clothing. Who knows? "

Huangfu Mi replied: "What people value most is life; What Tao craves most is the perfection of form. Neither life nor form should be harmed by disease. If the form is disturbed to the point where it is not conducive to life, how can we talk about getting rid of poverty and getting rich? I heard that people who eat other people's wages have to share their worries, and even strong people can't stand it, not to mention my infirmity. For literati, poverty is a common occurrence, and people who study morality are often despised. However, in poverty, they got the true meaning of Tao, and they were carefree all their lives. It goes without saying that it is better and worse than the pursuit of wealth. In addition, those who are born unknown and die without regret are the most reasonable people! Deaf and dumb people are the most enlightened people in the world. When a man dies, people all over the world cry for him because his death has caused great losses to the world. Some people are still alive, and the whole country is rejoicing, because his survival is good for the whole country. However, no matter how people cry or laugh, they can't let the damn people die, and the people who should be born will not be born. Therefore, a person with the highest morality will not lose his life and death because of external influence. Why? Because he has a strong body. If you pursue fame and fortune that damages your life in exchange for the sorrow of the whole world and follow the wishes of the whole country to pursue wealth that is not good for your health, this is the highest realm of morality! Only by not pursuing fame and fortune will you not lose your life and your body will be stronger; Only by not seeking wealth that is not beneficial to the body will the Tao be deeper. A strong body will not kill you, and a deep line will not become shallow. If I can maintain a solid body and a deep way of doing things, and don't regard fame and fortune as just superficial things, then my way is the most perfect. "

So, Huangfu Mi didn't go to be an official. He was so absorbed in studying classics that he even forgot to eat and sleep, so people at that time called him a "bookworm" and he was warned that being too absorbed would consume his spirit. Huangfu Mi said: "I learned the truth only in the morning, and it is worthwhile to die at dusk, not to mention that the length of life is predetermined by God!"

My uncle later had a son. Twenty years old, Huangfu Mi is forty, and my uncle's son's biological mother died. So Huangfu Mi returned to this clan.

Liu Liang, the satrap of Chengyang, is the son of Huangfu Mi's father's cousin. When Liu Liang went to Chengyang for his post, Huangfu Mi was suggested to give him a farewell dinner with wine and meat. Huangfu Mi said, "Liu Liang came to see me when he was not an official. I didn't go out to see him off. I ate nothing but salt and vegetables. The poor didn't treat me with wine and meat. Now, when he became the magistrate of the county, he held a farewell banquet. He valued the official position of Chengyang magistrate and despised Liu Liang himself. Is this in line with the way of the ancients? If I do that, I will feel uneasy. "

Later, Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty issued several imperial edicts urging Huangfu Mi to be an official. Huangfu Mi wrote a letter claiming to be a wild minister, saying, "I am thin and sickly, obsessed with Taoism, and retired to the mountains and rivers of Lin Ze due to illness. I am not familiar with interpersonal relationships and manners, and often associate with birds and animals. Your majesty is seeking for sages everywhere, and even people like me who are not sages have been taken away. The sage escaped and became a cloth officer, and the immoral man left the court far away. I'm just a dull and stupid person. I ate the food of the Jin Dynasty and enjoyed the quiet life on earth. I should go to Beijing and wish the emperor a long life outside the palace. But I have been plagued by illness for a long time because of my bad moral character. Half of my body feels dull, and the muscles of my right foot atrophy and become smaller. It has been 19 years. I have been eating cold food powder for seven years, which violates the eating rules and leads to poisoning. In winter, I have to bare my body and eat ice and snow. I feel annoyed in summer, accompanied by cough and asthma, or like suffering from warm malaria, or similar to typhoid fever, shortness of breath and edema, and aching limbs. Now the situation is more serious, life is dying between breaths, father and brother leave as soon as they meet, and wife and children often wait for farewell. If you chase the emperor's authority to help the car on the road, the pain will increase, so you have to stay away from the road of career promotion and sigh on your pillow. It is said that Shao and Wei can't act at the same time, and neither can Ya and He. Last week, Wang Shu (Jin Ligong) was killed by a deviant plan, and he was implicated as Xiaomi's accomplice. Qiu Yu recommended talents, but Fan Ji stopped gossiping. Therefore, the utensils used by the reigning people and the ruled in the worship ceremony are different, not to mention the essence of my barley sugar skin, how can it be harmonious with wild rice! Just like a mediocre person, it is out of place to wear expensive brocade and silk clothes. I heard that all the people recruited with me have arrived in Beijing. Only the minister, I, because I am sick, am waiting for a mat. Although I long for a bright future, I am afraid of dying on the road. Even if I'm not sick, and I meet such a world of Yao and Shun, such as Chao Fu and Xu Yougao living in Jishan, it's tolerable. It is said that there are wise emperors and ministers who dare to tell the truth. There are tolerant policies and people who can express their wishes euphemistically. Only your majesty can pay attention to a wise and tolerant person like me who has been ill for a long time. I hope that I can show my talents and abilities again. I invite hermits from Fu Yan and hermits from the Weihe River (like Jiang Ziya) to fish and prevent them from being buried. " Huangfu Mi's earnest words were finally recognized.

After more than a year, I was recommended to be virtuous and upright. I wrote to the emperor and asked to borrow books. The emperor gave him a car full of books. Although he is weak and ill, he still studies hard. When I first started eating cold food powder, I was often sleepy and exhausted because of the conflict between my body and medicine. He was so angry that he wanted to commit suicide, but his aunt dissuaded him.

In the early years of Xianning, the emperor issued another imperial edict, saying: "Huangfu Mi is quiet, ordinary and complacent, obsessed with learning, and loves ancient Chinese classics. His interests are completely different from those of secular people, so he can be appointed as Prince Buyi." Huangfu Mi resolutely declined because of her serious illness. At first, the emperor didn't force him to change his ambition. Soon, he wrote a letter to Huangfu Mi as a minister, and later he was appointed as the author. Liu Yi, a captain of Li Si, asked him to appoint Huangfu Mi as Gong Cao, but Huangfu Mi refused. Wrote a paper on the funeral system, named "Du Zhong". Say:

Mr. Xuan Yan believes that life and death are the laws of nature and the inevitable trend of human nature. According to etiquette, a funeral will be held at the age of 60. Until the age of 90, there are different grades of living tools. You should be prepared during the working day to prevent the arrival of the whole day. Why should we be so taboo as secular? Although he is less than 60 years old, he has been trapped by illness for more than ten years, facing the danger of death many times, and his mental body has been damaged and endangered many times. I am often afraid that I will die young without knowing it, and I am not prepared for the things behind me, so I will simply state my sincere views on funeral.

What people long for is survival; What I hate is death. But although greedy, it is impossible to cross the limit of life; Although you are afraid of death, you can't escape. When people die, their mental activities stop, and the body decays and dissipates, but the soul is as ubiquitous as the atmosphere. Therefore, the life pinned on the body will eventually reach its limit, but in the end, the body will return to the original silence, so the body is hidden underground. If the soul no longer exists in the human body, it will rise and fall with the atmosphere; The body can't be preserved for a long time, and it is integrated with the earth. Form and soul will not be isolated, which is the nature of heaven and earth; It's the most natural thing to merge the corpse with the land. I can't keep a seven-foot figure in my life. Why separate it from the soil with a coffin after death? In this way, clothes were used to defile corpses, and coffins were used to isolate real silence. Therefore, Huan Sima built his own internal and external coffins, which were not completed in three years. Confucius was disgusted with this and thought it would be better to rot quickly. After Ji Sun's death, Mei-yu was buried with her body. Some people say that this is no different from sudden death. Huayuan and others buried Song Wengong, so Chunqiu thought that other people's actions were not made by courtiers. Yang Wangsun made a will and asked to be buried naked before his death, so Hanshu thought that his practice was far more wise than Qin Shihuang's. If you think that the soul must be conscious, then people and ghosts have different systems, but there are far more three relatives and six spirits in the Yin Dynasty than the living, and they will prepare things to receive the dead. Today, if we compare the thoughts of the living with those of the dead, it is not the original meaning of the soul. If the soul is unconscious, then a heavy burial is something that takes away the living in vain and is consumed by the dead who have no benefit. Moreover, people with ulterior motives will deliberately rob the tomb, which will lead to the disaster of exposed bones and increase the harm to the deceased.

Burying means hiding. Hiding means not being discovered. If the people are mobilized to build an inner coffin and an outer coffin and bury them with the living, it is like burying gold on the side of the road with instructions on it. Even the stupidest person will take this scene as a joke. Bury the dead with a lot of gold and silver treasures, so that treacherous people can rob the tomb, or smash the coffin, drag the body horizontally, or take down the gold bracelet along the hands of the dead. Or touch the intestines to find the pearl jade in the belly of a dead person. Isn't this situation more cruel and painful than murder and arson? Since there are no immortals, there is no grave that cannot be dug. Therefore, Zhang Shizhi, a wise minister in the Han Dynasty, once said: If it is profitable, even if the coffin is built as firmly as Nanshan, there is still room to drill. If there is no profit, even if there is no sarcophagus, what is there to worry about? This is really a wise saying. Zhang Shizhi is really my role model. Burying the dead is not filial piety to the dead, but filial piety to the living. It's no good burying the living and the dead. Therefore, a wise man will not do so if he abandons the will of the deceased. The Book of Changes said: "In the ancient burial method, the deceased was covered with grass and buried in the wilderness, and there was no mound as a grave or planting trees to indicate the address." So the dead can return to nature, and the living will not be wasted.

So I hope to die early and be buried late; If you die at night, you will be buried in the morning. Don't wrap yourself in cloth, don't trim your body, don't take a bath, don't sew new clothes, and don't put pearls and jade in your mouth. I want to be naked in the pit, and my body is in direct contact with the soil. I am afraid that my relatives will be influenced by the secular for a long time, and it is difficult to get rid of this custom immediately, so I made a general plan today. Luxury is just a stone coffin, simple as long as you don't take off your clothes. After swallowing his last breath, he put on the clothes he was wearing and the towel he used to use, wrapped the body with a thick mat, tied both ends of the body with hemp rope and parked the body on the bed. Choose land where food can't grow, and dig a pit ten feet deep, one foot five feet long and six feet wide. After digging the pit, lift the bed to the edge of the pit, remove the bed and lower your body into the pit. Everything you used in your life was not buried with you. You only need to bring a copy of the Book of Filial Piety to show that you don't forget filial piety, so you can directly contact the land outside the rough table. Fill the soil in the pit to the level of the surrounding ground, then plant the original grass and let the grass continue to grow on it. If you don't plant trees, the weeds on them won't be eradicated, leaving no traces, keeping people from knowing where they are buried, or even finding what they want. If you can't see profitable interests, traitors won't have the heart to steal, and you won't have to worry about it all the time, and you won't have to worry about it for a thousand years. The body is integrated with the earth, and the soul and vitality are integrated. It's really great love. If someone dies before or after my death, we can't be buried together. The ritual of joint burial began after the Duke of Zhou, which is not an ancient system. Yu Shun died and was buried in Cangwu, but his two concubines were not buried with him. This matter has been settled, there is no need to follow the regulations of Zhou Li. After I die, I don't need to consult a wizard, don't trust a fortune teller, don't be bound by secular words, and don't set up a memorial tablet for the gods. There is no need to sacrifice in the morning and evening of the fifteenth, and there is no need to go to the grave to sacrifice. I just need to offer it at home on the first day of every month, and I won't offer it for a hundred days. The offerings only need to be leaked three quarters before sunrise and three quarters after sunrise, and do not need to be leaked in the middle of the night. You just need to wear mourning clothes at home every day, and you don't need to live in a grave. The ancients did not advocate building graves, which was very wise. Today, it is very foolish to mark this place by digging soil for the grave and planting trees on it. If you don't do as I say, but must be buried in a thick way, it is tantamount to slaughtering the body in the ground and hurting the dead again. If I have a spirit in heaven, I will be resentful and sad. I will always be a ghost of pain, the son of a prince, and I can take this as my will, the will of the dead.

Huangfu Mi has written six genres of works: poetry, ode, ode, argument and difficulty, and his works are rich. His biographies, such as The Emperor's Century, Almanac, Gao Shi, Yi Shi, Lienv and Xuanyan Chunqiu, were highly praised by people at that time. He trained disciples such as Zhiyu, Zhang Gui, Niu Zong and Xi Chun, who later became famous ministers in the Jin Dynasty.

Although there is no reward, I have worked hard to find it, hoping it will help. .