Who will be the master of time when autumn comes? The beauty of the leader is the chrysanthemum. In this rich golden autumn when the red leaves are all dyed on the branches, the fragrance of chrysanthemums overflows by the Baotu Spring, and the meaning of chrysanthemums is strong. The 40th Baotu Spring Golden Autumn Chrysanthemum Exhibition in Jinan City, with the theme of "Exhibiting the Charm of Baotu Chrysanthemum and Celebrating the Prosperous Age", officially opened on October 25 in Baotu Spring Scenic Area.

Jinan is always accompanied by enchanting and colorful chrysanthemums, blooming in clusters, and the charm of autumn is strong. The Baotu Spring Chrysanthemum Exhibition has accompanied the citizens of Quancheng through 39 late autumns and has now become an iconic traditional folk culture festival for the citizens of Quancheng. I remember that when I started to learn painting, I started with the Chrysanthemum Exhibition of the No. 1 Spring in the World. Originally, my teacher and my home were very close to the Daming Lake in Baotu Spring. Facing the colorful chrysanthemums in various poses, I opened them one stroke at a time. My own path to painting.

Chrysanthemums are frost-resistant and come in various shapes. They have always been a flower species cherished by poets in ancient times. Plum, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum are also the four gentlemen in Chinese paintings. "Proud, quiet, strong and light" are their characters. There seem to be more paintings of plum, orchid and bamboo in Chinese paintings, but there seem to be fewer paintings of chrysanthemums, but this is consistent with the chrysanthemum. The title of "hermit among flowers".

Chrysanthemum has a history of more than 3,000 years. The earliest literary record can be found in "Erya" in the Spring and Autumn Period, which includes "Ju and Zhiqiang". In the "Book of Rites, Yue Ling Pian" written by Confucius, there is a record that "the moon in autumn has yellow flowers". Chinese poets and painters throughout the ages have composed poems and paintings with chrysanthemums as the theme. Therefore, a large number of literary and artistic works and chrysanthemum art experiences praising chrysanthemums in the past dynasties have left many famous works to people, which will be passed down for a long time.

The poets who chanted chrysanthemums can be traced back to Qu Yuan in the Warring States Period. After Tao Yuanming of the Jin Dynasty chanted chrysanthemums affectionately, chrysanthemums also appeared in poetry, calligraphy and paintings as a symbol of personality.

"Sketch of a Butterfly" by Zhao Chang of the Northern Song Dynasty

Chrysanthemums entered painting later, probably starting from the Five Dynasties, and there are relatively few works showing chrysanthemums in ancient paintings. According to the history of painting, Xu Xi and Huang Quan of the Five Dynasties both painted chrysanthemums, but they have not been handed down. There were very few painters of chrysanthemums in the Song Dynasty, but there were more painters of chrysanthemums in the Ming and Qing dynasties. In fact, the meaning of chrysanthemum is extremely rich, but it is not just the word "light".

A symbol of the righteousness of heaven

Qing Dynasty's "Ammonite Picture" Bada Shanren

During the Three Kingdoms period, Zhong Hui, the son of painter Zhong Yao, once wrote "Chrysanthemum Ode" , Zhong Yao believed that the cliff chrysanthemum was born from the interaction of the air of heaven and earth. It makes people feel the existence of heaven, and left behind the "Chrysanthemum Ode" that will last forever. Therefore, the chrysanthemum is a symbol of heaven.

Our common chrysanthemums are pure yellow, and chrysanthemums are also called "yellow flowers". This is mainly due to the fact that the ancient Chinese people believed that the land is yellow, and regarded yellow as the neutral and positive color.

In ancient times, yellow was also a color that could only be used by emperors, and it was the most noble color of the Chinese nation. Therefore, the chrysanthemum symbolizes integrity and no deviation. The chrysanthemum blooms in the frost, standing proud and unyielding, symbolizing the integrity and unyieldingness of the Chinese nation.

The symbol of two hermits returning to seclusion

"Chrysanthemum Picture" by Xu Wei of the Ming Dynasty

Since being favored by Mr. Tao Qian, the chrysanthemum has become "the hermit of flowers" . Tao Yuanming's "Drinking": "Picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, leisurely seeing the Nanshan Mountain." Tao Yuanming's "He Guo Zhubu": "The chrysanthemums bloom in the forest and the green pines crown the rocks. With this pure and beautiful appearance, Zhuo is a outstanding figure under the frost." It reflects his yearning for a quiet and comfortable life.

He was leisurely picking chrysanthemums under the east fence. In the posture of a pastoral poet and a hermit, he endowed the chrysanthemums with a unique and otherworldly hermit style. From then on, the chrysanthemums had the spirituality of a hermit.

The symbol of the three warriors

Wu Changshuo's "Autumn Flowers"

The person who changed the image of the chrysanthemum hermit was of course Huang Chao, the leader of the peasant uprising in the late Tang Dynasty. "The rustling west wind fills the courtyard with plants, and the fragrant pistils are cold and the butterflies are hard to come by. If I were the Qing Emperor in another year, I would repay the peach blossoms." "When autumn comes on the eighth day of the ninth lunar month, when the flowers bloom, hundreds of flowers will bloom. Chang'an will be filled with incense, and the city will be filled with golden armor." In his poems with obvious implications and tendencies, the chrysanthemum has become a symbol of bravery and strength that has experienced many vicissitudes of life. A fighter who pleads for the people and enforces justice for heaven.

At the same time, Tang Cen Shen wrote in "Nine Days of Marching to Think of My Hometown in Chang'an": I want to climb high, but no one brings me wine. I pity my hometown chrysanthemum from afar, so I should bloom near the battlefield. The chrysanthemum also became a symbol of warriors.

"Ink Chrysanthemum Picture" by Zheng Banqiao of the Qing Dynasty

The image that has made this image deeply rooted in people's hearts should be Mao Zedong's "Picking Mulberries? Double Ninth Festival" "Life is easy, but it is difficult to grow old. Double Ninth Festival, today is Double Ninth Festival, and the yellow flowers on the battlefield are particularly fragrant. The annual autumn breeze is not as beautiful as the spring scenery. The yellow flowers on the battlefield are especially fragrant, which symbolizes the revolutionary pride and nobility of the communist fighters. sentiment.

This poem has a profound impact, because it has always stood at another scenic spot in Jinan, the spring city, and is engraved on the marble wall in the center of the main entrance of Daming Lake. When I was a kid, I would read it every time I went to Daming Lake, although I didn’t recognize much of Mao’s cursive script at that time.

Four sad symbols of adhering to integrity

"Guiju Mountain Bird Picture" Ming Lv Ji

Song Dynasty Li Qingzhao's "Drunk Flower Yin": Mist and heavy clouds In the eternal day, Rui Nao eliminates the golden beast. It’s the Double Ninth Festival and the Double Ninth Festival. Jade pillows and gauze kitchens make it cool in the middle of the night. After dusk when I drink wine in Dongli, there is a faint fragrance filling my sleeves. There is no way to lose one's soul. The west wind blows behind the curtain, and people are thinner than yellow flowers.

Li Qingzhao was a female poet in the Song Dynasty. Chrysanthemum became the object of expression in her writings. "After dusk, when I drink wine in Dongli, there is a faint fragrance filling my sleeves. I can't help but feel the soul, the west wind blows behind the curtain, and I am thinner than a yellow flower." The word "thin" is used to express the inner feelings of the husband who has been separated for a long time.

In Chinese paintings, chrysanthemums are also transformed into images of adhering to integrity. In Li Qingzhao's poem "Drunken Flower Yin", under the west wind, it is sad and beautiful when flowers wither. However, chrysanthemums are not like other withered petals. They fall to the ground one by one. They are a symbol of chrysanthemums' adherence to integrity. Its noble character is also praised by poets. Appreciated by the world.

Lu Xiaoman Xie’s Public Exhibition of "Double Life"

There is Li Qingzhao Memorial Temple in Baotu Spring, the best spring in the world. There is Shuyu Spring in front of the door. It is said that Li Qingzhao once lived here, but there are also According to legend, the place where he lives is Baimai Spring, which also belongs to Zhangqiu Mingshui in Jinan. There is also Shuyu Spring in it, and there is also Wuduohua Spring, which has two more streams of water than Baotu Spring. There is no way who can make Jinan have more springs. There are seventy-two famous ones.

A symbol of noble character

Chrysanthemums have long been a portrayal of the personality and integrity of ancient Chinese literati. Qu Yuan’s "Li Sao" "The Fallen Chrysanthemums of Western Food" Chrysanthemums generally do not wither after they wither. The petals will not fall off one by one like peach blossoms, and the fallen flowers will be colorful. Therefore, the poet said, "I can't bear to fall to the ground, but I would rather wither myself if I hug the branches."

"Five Colored Chrysanthemums" by Yun Shouping

Poets generally praise his cold character. For example: "Ying Chrysanthemum" by Bai Juyi of the Tang Dynasty: A night of new frost covered the tiles, and the plantains were newly broken. The load is leaning. Only the Oriental chrysanthemum is cold-resistant, and the golden millet is more clear at dawn. (Some were scattered due to wind and rain. In the Song Dynasty, there was a story about "Wang Su changing poems", which was recorded in Feng Menglong's "Warning Words". It said that Su Dongpo once went to the Prime Minister's Mansion to visit Wang Anshi, but the king happened to be away, and he only saw the case. There is a poem about chrysanthemums, and only the first two sentences were written: "The west wind passed through the garden last night, blowing down the yellow flowers and covering the ground with gold."

Su Dongpo was secretly amused after reading this. He thought that even if the chrysanthemums dried up, they would not fall. So he followed the original rhyme and wrote two more sentences: "Autumn flowers are no better than spring flowers. Let the poet recite them carefully." After Wang Anshi read Su Dongpo's mocking continuation, he felt that Su Dongpo's later political opinions were not comprehensive enough. After the disagreement, Su Dongpo was demoted to Huangzhou.

After Su arrived in Huangzhou, it was a stormy day. Su and his friends were admiring chrysanthemums in the Juyuan, and saw with their own eyes the colorful fallen flowers and "the ground was covered with gold". Scene. Only then did I realize that I had wrongly criticized Wang Anshi because of my lack of knowledge.

Six auspicious symbols of longevity

Qi Baishi's "Chrysanthemum Wine Prolongs Life"

< p> Chrysanthemums bloom in the ninth month of the Chinese lunar calendar. In addition, the Double Ninth Festival coincides with the blooming of chrysanthemums in September. Since "Nine" and "Jiu" are the same pronunciation, chrysanthemums symbolize longevity and longevity. Chrysanthemums bloom on September 9 every year. , Qianfo Mountain, a scenic spot in Jinan, is really crowded with people.

And the chrysanthemums picked on the Double Ninth Festival, the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, are more meaningful. They are often used to make chrysanthemum tea, and some people regard this day as the day of the Double Ninth Festival. The picked chrysanthemums are soaked in aged rice wine, or bathed with chrysanthemums, which means "longevity on chrysanthemums".

Chrysanthemums also have the effect of "nurturing the body and providing medicine, which can lighten the body and prolong life". The "Shou Ke" among the "Twelve Guests".

People match chrysanthemums with other flowers, plants, objects and words with the same pronunciation to form various "auspicious" patterns with rich connotations to embellish life and seek happiness and longevity. Qi Baishi's "Chrysanthemum and Dragonfly Picture"

For example: a grasshopper in the picture is a grasshopper in the chrysanthemum. , this painting means that an official is in a high position, is famous, and has a smooth career; if there are longevity stones, chrysanthemums, cats, and butterflies combined in the painting, it means longevity.

In modern times, everyone likes to use the language of flowers. Different chrysanthemums have different meanings. Aster means remembrance, reliable love, please believe me. Double-petaled aster: I enjoy sorrow and joy with you. June Ju: Farewell. Dong Ju: Farewell. French Chrysanthemum: Patience. Cineraria: happiness, joy and joy. Cosmos: Innocence and eternal happiness. Cosmos: girlish innocence. The flower language of spring chrysanthemum is for love divination, winter chrysanthemum is for separation, fortune chrysanthemum is for wealth and glory, and gerbera is for mystery, excitement and perseverance.

The flower language of yellow chrysanthemums: rapid success and a touch of love. At the same time, the yellow chrysanthemum also represents a kind of respect and nobility, which is a noble gentleman's character. The flower language of red chrysanthemums: cold inside, firey outside. Persistence will lead to true love, I love you. The flower language of purple chrysanthemums: anger, anger, innocence and innocence.

The flower language of green chrysanthemums is health, freshness, delicateness, life, purity, nobility, I love you and true love. The flower language of pink chrysanthemums: Looking forward to love. Pink is a color that girls like very much. It represents sweetness, gentleness and innocence. The flower language of black chrysanthemums: death, night, heavy heart. The flower language of white chrysanthemums: mourning, truth and honesty.

"Vase of Flowers" by Chen Hongshou of the Ming Dynasty

White chrysanthemums have the meaning of mourning in China and are generally used to commemorate the deceased. Pay special attention to the meaning when giving chrysanthemums to others. , because white chrysanthemum is often used to pay homage to the deceased to avoid misunderstandings.

Attached are the inscriptions that you can refer to when painting chrysanthemums

Tao Yuanming of Jin Dynasty, "He Guo Zhubu": Fragrant chrysanthemums bloom in the forest, and green pines crown the rocks. With this pure and beautiful appearance, Zhuo is the best under the frost.

Taizong of the Tang Dynasty's "Fu De Canju": The orchids on the steps are condensed with summer frost, and the chrysanthemums on the shore shine in the morning light. The dew is thick and the smile is bright, the wind is light and the fragrance is lingering. The thin leaves are light green, and the round flowers are bright yellow. Still as beautiful as she is today, she will be beautiful again when we get married again.

"Nine Days in Yun'an" by Du Fu of the Tang Dynasty: The cold flowers have all bloomed, and the chrysanthemums are only full of branches. The number of old pickers changes frequently, and the light-flavored wine temporarily follows.

"Ying Chrysanthemum" by Bai Juyi of the Tang Dynasty: A night of new frost touches the tiles, and the bananas are newly broken and the lotus is tilted. Only the Oriental chrysanthemum is cold-resistant, and the golden millet is more clear at dawn.

"Chrysanthemum" by Yuan Zhen of the Tang Dynasty The autumn bushes surround the house like Tao's house, and the fence is gradually sloping all over. It’s not that chrysanthemums are preferred among flowers. There will be no flowers even after all the flowers have bloomed.

"Chrysanthemum" by Wu Lulei of the Tang Dynasty. Charming golden skirt, slim white jade skin. I know that the time is very different, and it seems to be the same as the cold season. I can't bear to fall to the ground, but I'd rather wither myself if I hold on to my skills.

"Chrysanthemum" by Li Shangyin of the Tang Dynasty is dark lavender, melting and yellow. Tao Ling's fence is beautiful, and Luo Han's house is fragrant. When is forbidden to be exposed again, it is really timid of the setting sun. May the golden parrot be promoted to Bai Yutang.

Song Dynasty Su Shi's "Zhao Chang Han Ju" has light muscles and weak bones, and scattered secluded flowers, and the golden pistils are full of flowing clouds. If you want to know, the old trillium medicine will bloom when all the herbs are destroyed.

Song Dynasty Fan Chengda's "Chrysanthemums after the Double Ninth Festival" The lonely east fence is wet with dew, and the golden house in front shines on the sand. There are few girls in the world who have no charm, they only look at the flowers on the Double Ninth Festival.

Lu You, Song Dynasty, "Folding Chrysanthemums on September 12th" The fragrant yellow flowers are unique and extraordinary, but they mismatched the chrysanthemums on the Double Ninth Festival. It's late and it's getting better. Lingshuang Cao, it's laughable for children to say that it's out of date.

Song Dynasty Mei Yaochen's "Remnant Chrysanthemum" The scattered golden stamens, although withered, do not change their fragrance. The solitary fragrance is hidden in the deep bushes, and you can still see the clear wine from the car.

"Chrysanthemum" by Zhu Shuzhen of the Song Dynasty. The native flowers can be both white and red, and they can still love this work in the late festival. I would rather embrace the fragrant branches and grow old than follow the yellow leaves dancing in the autumn wind.

If it is not the west wind that keeps guests, the plum blossoms will fade away after a long time.

"Chrysanthemum" by Shen Zhou in the Ming Dynasty. Flowers begin to appear at the roots of the hedgerow in autumn, but they encounter prosperity from indifference. The doorway to the west wind contains fragrance, except the Tao family to my home.

"Yong Chrysanthemum" by Yang Wanli of the Song Dynasty. The nature of things has always come from a different family. Who is greedy for the cold, thin and tired of time? Chrysanthemums are white. Choose a country with wind and frost, not chrysanthemums outside spring.

"Chrysanthemum" by Tang Yin, Ming Dynasty The three paths of my hometown are covered with secluded bushes, and frost falls in the blue sky one night. There are so many guests who have not returned from the end of the world, but they use the fence to watch the autumn breeze.

"Appreciating Chrysanthemums" by Dong Biwu There are more than a hundred species of chrysanthemums, and the flowers bloom beautifully. The outside of the garden is pale in autumn, but the mood of spring is swirling before my eyes. Who is responsible for the merit of creation? Hard-working and intelligent. Enjoy your heart and invite guests to enjoy your life; sing and enjoy it to prolong your life.

"Autumn Ju" by Chen Yi The autumn chrysanthemum can be proud of the frost, but it is full of wind and frost. It is cold-resistant by nature, but nothing can be done about wind and frost!

[Chrysanthemum Rhyme]--Li Shiguang--Autumn frost creates chrysanthemum flowers, and the endless romance writes about the sunset; I can pick up random sentences at will, and the innate charm has entered thousands of families.

[Autumn Sound] - Fengzi - There is a piece of gold in front of the steps under the corridor, and the sound of fragrance surges towards the tourists. Only because of the heavy frost can he become a hero, and the east fence of Liangyuan is connected with ancient and modern times.

[Chrysanthemum of Chrysanthemum]--Wang Ru Pavilion--The image of lions and dragons soars into the sky, once again glorious and powerful! The alleys and streets are full of fragrance, and the chrysanthemums on the desks are blooming in September.

The chrysanthemum poem in "A Dream of Red Mansions" is a masterpiece. Please appreciate the chrysanthemum poem in the Red Mansion Art Garden.

Recalling the chrysanthemum, looking at the west wind with sorrowful thoughts, when the polygonum red reed is white and the heart is broken. There are no traces of autumn in the old garden with empty fences, and there is knowledge in dreams of clear frost under the thin moon. Thinking about it, the geese are far away, sitting alone and listening to the evening anvil. Whoever takes pity on me because of my yellow flower disease can express my condolences that I will meet again during the Double Ninth Festival. ---- Heng Wujun

Visit Ju. Take advantage of the frost and clear weather to take a trip. Do not leave the wine glass or medicine cup covered with water. Who grows it under the moonlight before the frost? Where is the autumn outside the threshold and beside the fence? The wax clogs come from far away and are in love, but the cold chanting is not enough. If the yellow flower takes pity on the poet, don't bear the burden of leaning on the head of the staff today. ---- Mr. Yihong planted chrysanthemums. He brought a hoe to the autumn garden and planted it beside the fence in front of the garden. It rained unexpectedly last night, but today there is still frost. Reciting thousands of autumn poems in the cold, getting drunk with a glass of cold wine. The springs are irrigated and sealed with mud to protect them diligently, so that I know the diameter of the well and keep away the dust. ----Mr. Yihong

The chrysanthemums brought from other gardens are more precious than gold, one trace is light and the other is deep. Ketou sat beside the shady fence, hugging his knees and chanting in the cool fragrance. There is no one who can be proud of the world, but it seems that I am the only one who knows everything! Don't live up to the fleeting autumn light. Instead, cherish every inch of sunshine. ----Old friend of Zhenxia

Offering chrysanthemums, playing the piano and drinking wine, it is a happy couple, and several cases are decorated with Tingting. Separately, the incense is spread out in three paths, and the person who throws the book is facing an autumn branch. The frost clears the paper tent to bring new dreams, and the cold sun sets in the garden to recall old travels. The pride of the world is also because of the same smell, the spring breeze does not leave the peach blossoms and plums submerged. ----Old Friend of Zhenxia

Chrysanthemum The scoundrel poetry demon invades at dusk, and the sound falls silent as he walks around the fence and pulls the rocks. The fortune in every detail is written in the frost, and the fragrance in the corner of the mouth is chanting to the moon. The paper is full of self-pity and resentment. Who can explain the autumn heart in a few words? Since Tao Ling Pingzhang, Gao Feng has been talking about it to this day. ---- Concubine Xiaoxiang

Painting chrysanthemums, poetry and drama, I don’t know how to be crazy, how can it be a competition of painting and painting? The gathered leaves are splashed with thousands of dots of ink, and the gathered flowers are dyed with a few traces of frost. The light and dense Shen Hui Feng Ying Ying, escapes from the fragrance of Qiu Sheng's wrist. Don't waste time picking things up on the east fence, or chatting on the screen to comfort yourself during the Double Ninth Festival. ---- Heng Wujun

Asking Ju. If you want to know about the autumn mood, but no one knows it, you murmur with your hands behind your back and knock on the east fence: Who can hide in the lonely and proud world? Is it too late to bloom? How lonely is the dew in the garden and the frost in the garden? Can Honggui's cricket disease cause lovesickness? If you don't have anything to talk about in the world, why not talk about it for a while. ----Concubine Xiaoxiang

The hairpin chrysanthemum vase is used to plant fences every day. I am busy every day, so I never recognize the makeup in the mirror. Mr. Chang'an was addicted to flowers, and Mr. Peng Ze was a drunkard. The short temples are stained with cold dew, and the fragrant kerchief is stained with autumn frost. High emotions are not in the eyes of people at the time, and he claps his hands and laughs on the roadside. - --- Banana leaves

Chrysanthemum shadows. The autumn light overlaps one after another, sneaking into the three paths. The sparse lights on the windows depict the far and near, and the moonlight locks are exquisite through the sieves of the fence. The cold fragrance lingers and the soul should stay, but the frost seal conveys the divine dream but it is empty. Cherish the secret fragrance and never break it underfoot. Who can recognize the hazy eyes after drunkenness? ----Old Friend of Zhenxia

Ju Meng I had a deep sleep in the autumn beside the fence, and the clouds and the moon were indistinguishable. To ascend to immortality is not to admire Zhuang, but to look for Tao Lingmeng in recalling the past. After falling asleep, Yiyi follows the wild goose, and when frightened back, the crickets chirp in annoyance. Who can I complain to when I wake up: The decaying grass and cold smoke have endless love! ---Concubine Xiaoxiang

The remaining chrysanthemums are gradually pouring heavily with dew and frost, and the feast has just passed the light snow. The pedicle has a lingering fragrance of gold and is indifferent, but the branches have no whole leaves and green leaves. Half of the bed is filled with the sound of cicadas under the moonlight, and the wild geese are late in the cold clouds thousands of miles away. We will meet again next year when the autumn wind tells us, don't miss us when we break up for the time being! - --- Jiao Xia Ke