Appreciation of Zhu Ziqing's "Hurry"
Zhu Ziqing's prose poem "Hurry" was written on1March 28th, 922. It was the ebb tide of the May 4th Movement, and the reality constantly disappointed the author. However, the poet is not willing to sink in hesitation. He stands on his "neutral" position and pursues persistently. He believes: "Every process of life has its own independent meaning and value-every moment has its own meaning and value! Every moment has its considerable position in continuous time. " (Zhu Ziqing's letter to Yu Pingbo, 2002 1 1 7th) Therefore, he wants to "step by step and leave a deep footprint" (Zhu Ziqing's destruction) in order to achieve "paragraph satisfaction". The whole poem reveals the poet's low complaint about inner injustice with faint sadness, and also reflects the general mood of intellectual youth during the ebb tide of the May 4th Movement.
Haste is a poet's emotional work. The poet was inspired by the spring scenery in front of him and expressed it with the help of imagination. Imagine "let the unknown things appear, the poet's pen makes them complete, and let the ethereal nothingness find its place and name." (Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream) Poets express ethereal time and abstract thoughts through phenomena, and choose and capture vivid images with the poet's emotions as clues. With the passage of time, the poet's mood shows ups and downs from intangible to tangible, from looming to clear.
"Swallows have gone, and there is a time to come again; Willow withered, there is a time to green again; Peach blossoms are thanks, and there are times when they bloom again. " The poet sketched out a vague picture with a few strokes. Instead of describing the true feelings of spring scenery, the author brings the reader into the picture, accepts the infection of this emotion, and at the same time makes an image hint: the rise and fall of nature shown in this picture is the trace of time flying, so the poet pursues the whereabouts of his day. However, my days are "gone forever". I can't see or touch them. Am I "stolen" or "escaped"? The signs of natural metabolism contrast with their invisible days, revealing the poet's sense of loss in a series of interrogative sentences.
"Like a drop of water in the sea, my days are dripping in the stream of time." It is extremely exaggerated to use the novel metaphor of "a drop of water" to compare a person's more than 8,000 days. Compared with the vastness of time flow compared to the sea, it highlights the characteristics of a person's life as "silent and shadowless". Actually, there are traces of their own days here. A drop of water is its image. Falling into the sea has its slight sound. The poet tries his best to feel it visually and audibly, looking for the past days. But more than 8,000 days have quietly "slipped away". The ruthlessness of time and the shortness of life make the poet unable to "sweat" and "cry".
How "hurried" is time? The poet did not have an abstract discussion. He expresses his feelings and potential consciousness through images, "penetrating the familiar surface and looking for' new things'". (Zhu Ziqing's Poetry and Emotion) Thus, the ethereal time was visualized, and the common life picture revealed the poet's "unique secret"
"In the morning, the hut shot into two or three oblique sun. The sun has a step, and it moves gently and quietly. "The sun is personified. Like a girl, he quietly passes by the poet and" walks "with the sun. Then, the poet used a series of parallelism sentences to express the flight of time. Eating, washing hands and meditating are the details of people's daily life, but the poet is keenly aware of the passage of time. When he wanted to keep it, it jumped smartly, flew away lightly, slipped away quietly, flashed quickly, and the pace of time became faster and faster. The poet described the changing image of time with vivid words, giving people a vivid feeling. We heard the brisk pace of time and the vibration of the poet's heart.
In the rush of time, the poet lingered and pursued deeply and persistently. The dark reality contradicts his enthusiasm, and the rush of time contrasts with his inaction, which makes the poet see more clearly: "The past is like a light smoke, blown away by the breeze, like a mist, melted by Chu Yang." If the third section still reflects the passage of time by the author's specific feelings on a certain day, and reflects the general situation by individuals, here, the author has made a high summary of the passage of more than 8,000 days, so that the various images of the hasty passage of time can be condensed in one point, making the passage of time more clear and sensible: colored, light blue, milky white; Dynamics means "blowing away" and "evaporation". The poet saw and touched it, soberly felt the passage of time with all his body and mind, and pursued the "gossamer trace" of his life.
The poet flies in the sky with emotion, creates the environment with emotion, visualizes the ethereal time, and adds a series of lyric questions, which naturally reveals the pain of self-struggle and self-confession of the soul, and also shows his persistent pursuit in wandering. Simple and plain reveals a strong lyrical atmosphere.
Poetry has musical beauty. Metric poetry embodies musicality through meter and rhyme, while free verse also uses branches and rhyme to keep rhythm. Prose poetry abandons all these external forms, and its musical beauty is naturally revealed from the organic unity of the poet's internal emotional fluctuation and the rhythm of language. Hunter thinks: "Although it is prose, it sometimes shows the full existence of rhythm, so it broke away from its nominal type and got the name of' prose poem', which is a semi-rhythmic work in the field of poetry." (Fu Donghua translated "Introduction to Aesthetics") Haste is such a "semi-rhythmic work".
In a hurry shows the author's pursuit of time traces and the rapid flow of emotions. The whole style is unified in "light", and the rhythm is smooth and smooth, light and smooth. In order to coordinate the rhythm of emotions, the author uses a series of parallelism sentences: "When washing your hands, the days pass from the basin;" When eating, the days pass from the rice bowl; Silent time ... "The same sentence has been simplified, and a wisp of emotion affects the rapid development of the active and quiet picture, which makes me seem to see the flow of time. And most of the sentences are short sentences of five or six words, which are light and smooth. Syntactic structure is simple, without multi-level changes, such as flowing rivers, like harmonicas, with continuous sound waves. Its musicality lies not in intonation, but in the fluency and lightness of sentences. The author didn't deliberately carve it, just "write casually and honestly". With vivid spoken language, poetry can be expressed freely, and the rhythm of language and emotion naturally overlap, so that poetry can achieve symmetry and harmony.
The use of reduplicated words in Hurry also makes its language full of rhythm. The sun is oblique, it moves gently and skillfully, I rotate blankly, time passes in a hurry, and it passes through smartly ... The use of these overlapping words makes poetry not only achieve visual authenticity, but also achieve auditory authenticity, that is, on the one hand, it seems that time has passed, on the other hand, it writes the sound of time marching. At the same time, the poet expresses objective things on the one hand and achieves subjective feelings on the other. The realistic voice makes the poet's mood fluctuate, which is expressed through the voice of language, and the feelings and scenery naturally blend together. We can also see that the poet's overlapping words are naturally and symmetrically distributed in each sentence to show its distant rhythm, which coincides with the author's subtle emotional fluctuations.
Repetition is also a common means to maintain the musical characteristics of prose poems. The so-called "endless words" not only shows the poet's deep affection, but also adds a sense of melody to the poem. "Only wandering, only in a hurry; After more than 8,000 days of haste, what is left except wandering? " Words such as "wandering" and "running around" appear repeatedly, and a bitter feeling echoes repeatedly. "What traces do I keep? Have I left traces like a hairspring? " The change of the number of synonymous sentences makes the feelings step by step, showing the beauty of neatness in the jagged. The repetition of the conclusion sentence strengthens the theme of the work and draws the ups and downs of the poet's feelings. The use of repetition and repeated chanting has played a role in singing and sighing.
The structure of "Hurry" is also very simple, and eleven questions are the clues of mood. Asking without answering, drifting with the flow, not only shows the fluency of the work, but also shows the leap of the poem, which makes the image unfold quickly. In order to express the leap of emotion, ordinary poetry is often different from ordinary language syntactic structure, ignoring grammatical restrictions and omitting some sentence elements. Prose poetry basically adopts the sentence pattern of prose, and the author's emotional jump is generally not as big as that of free verse. But it is also different from prose, sentence by sentence, paragraph by paragraph, connected by the author's thoughts. The questions in "Hurry" have no answers, but the answers are implicit, which can not only inspire readers' imagination, arouse deep thought and show its implicit beauty, but also show the rapid flow of collaborators' emotions and the rhythmic beauty of poetry.
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Sha, male, 1934, from Yixing, Jiangsu. He is Professor Peking University, doctoral supervisor, professor of the Party History Research Office of the Central Committee, vice president of the Party History Society of China, vice president of the People's Society of China, and vice chairman of the Marxist Theory Teaching Steering Committee of the Ministry of Education.
This lesson is an article recalling the first teacher. Focusing on the anti-Japanese speech contest, the teacher's two criticisms of "I" and the boycott of Japanese classes, this paper shows the patriotic spirit of the enlightenment teacher and the strict requirements for students, and expresses the author's reverence, gratitude and nostalgia for the enlightenment teacher.
At the beginning of the text, I write "my gratitude and nostalgia for the first teacher"; As a result, the memories of the first teacher naturally lead to three things; Finally, talk about the influence of the first teacher's education on me.
The focus of the text is the memory of three things, among which "anti-Japanese speech contest" and "boycott Japanese class" may be more difficult for students.
When the hometown was occupied by the Japanese army and the school was only 200 meters away from the Japanese turret, it was really a fearless heroic act to hold the anti-Japanese speech contest "many times". You know, once this incident is discovered by the Japanese invaders, those teachers may be beheaded. It is impossible for the teacher not to know about it. But in order to sow the seeds of patriotism in children's hearts, they have obviously put their own life and death at risk. What lofty patriotism! Because of this, when "I" know the possible consequences of teachers' actions, "I can't help but feel infinite admiration for teachers' bravery".
Why are teachers "particularly tolerant" of "Japanese as a translator"? Why "even cut class, the teacher doesn't care"? The reason is that the Japanese invaders forced China children to take this course, with the aim of instilling the invaders' thoughts with the help of language classes and turning China children into tame tools under their rule.
This lesson is an article recalling the first teacher. Focusing on the anti-Japanese speech contest, the teacher's two criticisms of "I" and the boycott of Japanese classes, this paper shows the patriotic spirit of the enlightenment teacher and the strict requirements for students, and expresses the author's reverence, gratitude and nostalgia for the enlightenment teacher.