According to the English translation of George Bell & Sons Publishing House 1908.
Francois Pierre Guillaume Guizot (F.P.G. Guizot, 1787 ~ 1874) is a famous French politician and historian. He is the author of The Origin of Representative System in Europe, An Introduction to French History and Memoirs of the British Revolution.
This book is divided into four volumes, 49 lectures and various schedules. The content covers a wide range, mainly including: the characteristics of French culture, the administrative organization of Gaul in the fifth to eighth centuries, social conditions, pagan and Christian literature, the discussion on the essence of the soul, the influence of Germans on European culture, and the invasion of Germans. This book is processed by the author according to the lecture notes given by 1828 in Paris University. The whole book * * 14. The author believes that civilization consists of two facts: on the one hand, the development of human society, on the other hand, the development of human beings themselves. But this book is limited to social history and shows civilization from a social perspective. The author successfully summarized the origin and development of European civilization from the 5th century A.D. to the eve of the French Revolution. This book mainly discusses the origin, development and characteristics of Z European civilization. Different factors of European civilization during the decline of Roman Empire; /kloc-the barbarian invasion ended in the 0 th century and the feudal system began; The nature of feudal system and its influence on modern civilization; The situation and historical role of Christian churches from the 5th century to12nd century: the rise of autonomous towns, internal management and its influence on the process of civilization; The origin, nature and consequences of the Crusade; The development process of monarchy; Various attempts to establish a political system in Europe; /kloc-characteristics of the 0/5th century; /kloc-the essence and results of the religious reform in the 0/6th century: the significance of the British revolution and its contribution to the process of civilization; Similarities and differences in the process of civilization between Britain and mainland countries; France was in the leading position of European civilization in 17 and 18 centuries. This book is an important book for studying the history of Europe and civilization. Shortly after the book was published, English and Russian versions came out. The post-Gaul situation, the nature of medieval Roman law and barbarian code.
Personally, the history of European civilization is actually the civilization of Christ, because Orthodox Church and Islam are regarded as heresies by the author.
The author Franois Pierre Guillaume Guizot (1787- 1874) is a famous French bourgeois politician and historian. He was born in a Christian family in Nimes and his father was a famous lawyer. He was executed by the government of jacobin on 1794. He went into exile with his mother. 1805 returned to Paris to study law. 18 12 Professor of History, University of Paris. He participated in the first Bourbon Restoration (18 14), became an advocate of constitutional monarchy and a member of the "empty school" group, and expounded the platform of the group in the article "On Representative Government and the Present Situation of France" (18 16). 1820- 1830 is mainly engaged in historical research and teaching, and has written History of British Revolution (1826- 1827), History of European Civilization (1828) and History of French Civilization. During the July Dynasty (1830- 1848), he was the leader of the constitutional monarchy and had a great influence on French political life. Successive home secretary, education minister, ambassador to Britain, foreign minister and prime minister, in charge of the internal and external affairs of the July dynasty. 1848 After the French Revolution broke out, he fled to Britain alone and ended his political career. Later, he returned to France, specializing in academic activities.
The first part of this book talks about the purpose of this course-the history of European civilization-the role of France in European civilization-civilization is a theme suitable for narration-it is the most common fact in history-the common and popular meaning of the word civilization-which constitutes two main facts of civilization: 1. Social development; 2. Personal development-proof-these two facts must be combined with each other, and sooner or later they will produce each other-is the fate of mankind completely limited to his actual social state? The history of civilization can be explained and considered from two angles-say a few words about this curriculum plan-the current situation of people's hearts and the prospect of civilization.
The second lecture focuses on the singularity of ancient civilization, the diversity of modern civilization, its advantages, the situation in Europe when the Roman Empire declined, the advantages of cities, the emperor's attempt to reform politics, the imperial edicts of Hongnuoliu and Diodosi, the power of imperial names, the Christian church, and priests who exercised municipal functions at different times in the 5th century.
The purpose of the third lecture-various systems pretend to be orthodox-what is political orthodoxy? There are two reasons for the coexistence of various political systems in the 5th century-the capriciousness of human, material and institutional conditions. One is material, that is, continuous invasion; The other is spiritual, that is, the selfishness of barbarians for personal interests-the root of civilization is the necessity of order, the memory of the Roman Empire, Christian churches and barbarians-the attempts of barbarians, cities, Spanish churches, Charlemagne and Alfred to organize society-the Germans and Arabs stopped invading-the purpose of the fourth lecture of feudal system-the necessary combination of facts and theories-the advantages of rural areas over cities-small 2. No public power; 3. The difficulty of the alliance system-the inherent thought of feudalism that "resistance is reasonable"-the influence of feudalism is beneficial to personal development and not conducive to social order.
The fifth lecture aims-religion is the motive force of association-coercion is not the essence of rule-the legal and rational conditions of a government: 1 Power must be in the hands of the most outstanding people; 2. The freedom of the ruled must be respected-the church is a society, not a privileged class, so it meets the first of these conditions-it lacks another condition, because the illegal expansion of authority and the abuse of force-the ideological activities and freedom within the church-the relationship between the church and the monarch-the independence of religious forces is formulated as a principle.
The purpose of the sixth lecture-the church is divided into the ruling party and the ruled party-the indirect influence of secular enthusiasts on priests-priests are recruited from people of various identities in society-the influence of the church on public order and legislation-the confession system-the development of human mind is entirely the development of theology-it is not surprising that the church usually stands on the side of power; The purpose of religion is to control human freedom-the different states of the church from the 5th century to12nd century-one is the imperial church-the other is the barbarian church; The development of two principles of decentralization; Monks-third, the feudal church; Strive to improve the organization; Need reform; Gregory Ⅶ-theocratic church-exploring the revival of spirit; Ape lal- autonomous town movement-there is no connection between these two facts.
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