This also shows that learning must be interested in what you have learned and learning, which is the basis of learning well, and so is learning Chinese. As long as we are interested in learning Chinese, we will find it interesting. If we find the pleasure of learning, it will help us to study Chinese persistently. Without perseverance, we can't learn Chinese at all.
Some students think that Chinese is boring, they have too many things to recite, and they don't want to learn at all. Of course, their grades can't go up. Therefore, interest is very important for learning. Secondly, learning Chinese is an accumulation process, which cannot be accomplished overnight. Only by long-term accumulation can we learn Chinese better.
Accumulation also requires a lot of reading and reciting. Read it when we are free. Good books or articles can not only enrich knowledge, but also cultivate temperament. However, we should not only read, but also think. We should prepare a notebook record to extract, copy down the good sentences encountered in the process of reading, and look at them from time to time to make them our own things. When we encounter doubts and difficulties, we should also write them down, discuss them with others and listen to their views.
Only in this way can we make progress and improve our level. Moreover, reading more books will enrich your knowledge, improve your quality and broaden your horizons. Besides, writing also needs material. Only by reading more books, paying more attention to the things around you, and connecting what is said in the book with real life, will you write like a spring, and the articles you write will be good articles.
There is an old saying: "Reading is like breaking thousands of books, and writing is like being a god." In other words, only by reading more can you write a good article.
Most people know what this means, but not many people do the previous sentence, and not many people really like reading and can get knowledge from it. Therefore, not many people can write good compositions. But we should be such people, that is, we should learn to read and enjoy reading. When reading a book or an article, we should think about its connotation, its writing method and the author's thinking, and then apply the good aspects to our own writing to make up for our own shortcomings.
Also, it is better to ask questions. Remember to ask questions if you don't understand, especially when you read classical Chinese, ancient poems and words after class. We need to consult reference books to find some words, phrases and sentences that we can't fully understand. If you can't find it in the reference book, or you still don't understand it after checking it, you should ask the teacher in time and understand it in time, so that you can learn ancient poetry well. Remember never to pretend to understand them and keep them in your heart. Chinese is an art, which needs us to learn, taste and develop from reading, speaking and writing. Reading is to gain knowledge and appreciation.
Chinese is an art, and speaking and writing are the embodiment of Chinese and the real purpose of learning Chinese. Since this is the case, our school should practice writing after class. Only by writing more can we improve and really write a good article. In talking with others, we can learn to use the knowledge we have gained from reading. Only in this way can we link Chinese with life.
Knowing this, we will not feel bored when we come to learn Chinese again, but will feel it is a kind of enjoyment. When we regard learning as a kind of enjoyment, it will be very difficult if we don't learn well! Chinese learning is actually a process of improving Chinese quality and ability, and the improvement of Chinese quality and ability is inseparable from reading and writing. Therefore, solving the problems of reading and writing will improve the quality and ability of Chinese, that is, learn Chinese well.
Reading is reading and understanding; Writing refers to writing and composition. These two points are the most important in the process of Chinese learning.
Reading can cultivate a sense of language. In language learning, it is very important to cultivate a sense of language.
"Why use this word instead of that word in this paragraph" and "Why is this sentence a sick sentence?" Many times, we don't need to ask "why", and the sense of language has already told us the reason. The cultivation of language sense comes from the accumulation of reading at ordinary times.
Reading is an effective way to improve reading comprehension. The "reading" mentioned here not only refers to reading articles aloud or silently, but also includes thinking and memory.
In other words, reading should be a process of using the brain and hands. What aspects do you need to start with when learning an article? To sum up: first, solve the problem of "what was written"; Second, solve the problem of "how to write"; Third, remember the wonderful paragraphs and words in the article.
These three aspects are actually talking about a problem of using your brain and hands. In the process of learning an article, we can consciously solve these three problems, which is "reading".
Only in this way can we improve our reading comprehension. Reading is also a means to accumulate basic Chinese knowledge and composition materials.
I have a wide range of knowledge, and I have my own "hills and valleys" in my heart. In this way, in the process of writing, you will not feel that you have nothing to say, and the articles you write will not be empty and dry, but eloquent and meaningful.
Since "reading" has so many benefits, in the process of Chinese learning, let's start with attaching importance to "reading". Writing includes two aspects-writing and composition.
In writing, there are clear requirements for the college entrance examination syllabus: the first volume is beautiful, the second volume is neat and clear, the third volume is neat and clear, and the fourth volume is scribbled. In 2005, the college entrance examination began, and Shandong made a separate proposition, marking Chinese online.
This has further requirements for writing. Therefore, both the college entrance examination syllabus and the online marking of Shandong language are telling us a message: we must write the words well.
To say the least, it is unrealistic to ask everyone to reach the level of beauty, but writing neatly and clearly and avoiding scribbling are all within our reach. Maybe some people will use words like "writing neatly will affect the speed of answering questions" to make excuses for their untidiness.
Yes, at the beginning of your serious writing, it will have a little impact on your answering speed. But we can't stop treating this "bad cold" just because of another "flu", can we? Knowing that not writing will affect our Chinese grades, we.
2. How can I write a literary article? On the contrary, if the article is both good-looking and quality, it will make people drink after reading it, and it will last for a long time! So how can we make the article literary? What is literary talent? Literary talent is the beauty of words, and readers feel beautiful. To put it mildly, the text of the article is lively, which can vividly describe the things and things and explain the truth to the fullest. How to achieve literary talent? The first trick: substitute flowers for trees-increase the intensity of the article. Substituting flowers for trees-commonly known as "quotations", quotations should be accurate and clever. If you want to express a kind of "worry" emotion in the article, what famous sayings can you quote? Why do you admire these sentences so much? "Sadness" is an abstract emotion in people's minds, which can't be seen or touched. How to express it? Many outstanding literati and poets, with their unique feelings and talents, have blossomed beautiful flowers and left a dazzling array of vivid sentences: "How much leisure?" Yichuan tobacco, the wind blows all over the city, and the plum rains when it is yellow. "With white hair and three thousands of feet, sorrow is like a beard", "How much sorrow can there be, just like a river flowing eastward" and "One boat and two streams, I'm afraid it can't hold much sorrow". Taking a spring river as an image not only gives a lot of "troubles", but also expresses. There is a concrete, textured, people feel very strong. Li Qingzhao got on the boat with "sadness". There is a sentence in the West Chamber written by Dong Jieyuan in the Jin Dynasty: "Mo Wen is very sad, please take a horse." The West Chamber written by Wang Shifu in the Yuan Dynasty also said, "How can you afford these cars when the worries of the world are on your mind? "Highlight its heavy. These tangible and powerful "troubles" are more real and vivid than our pale saying, "Trouble, trouble has turned a teenager's head white". Look at this passage: "Hope, hope. Autumn wind is coming, just after the Mid-Autumn Festival; ..... ",the" flower "in front moved, and the" wood "in the back was not properly connected. Some dogs had mink tails. Proper quotation of famous sayings in the article will produce concise, literary and profound effects. After reading it, people can get aesthetic effects and produce ideas. The second measure: the eighteen palms of the dragon-strive to achieve: plain words are strange, common words are dangerous, old words are new, plain words are colorful, and write their own highlights; It is also necessary to make the sentence patterns uneven and hierarchical: according to the characteristics of the language environment and the needs of expression, under the condition of not changing the meaning, choose the sentence patterns appropriately, flexibly change the sentence patterns, and use various sentence patterns alternately, so as to make the writing vivid, free and not stiff. Not rigid. For example, affirmative and negative sentences, active and passive sentences, long and short sentences, regular and variant sentences, simple and complex sentences, oral and written sentences, whole sentences and scattered sentences. Look at this passage: the father generation, to put it bluntly, is the "father" generation. Seriously, Dad's generation is really "poor": born in the fire, it began to grow. Analysis: This passage is worth mentioning in the use of sentence patterns. It uses scattered sentences, but it can combine vulgarity with elegance and length. The first two sentences of "Dad" are, to put it bluntly, the generation of "Dad". Seriously, Dad's generation is really "poor", which means "vulgar" thoroughly in spoken English. Later, there were some classical Chinese texts such as "temples cream" and "old age", which were elegant enough. Therefore, the combination of length and width and the combination of elegance and vulgarity make the sentences uneven and full of literary talent. The third measure: nine swords of solitude-modify the form of the article. The Nine Swords of Dugu, which adds literary grace to the article, means to make good use of rhetoric, and it is only for everyone present. Turn abstruse into obvious; Turn abstract into concrete; Turn verbosity into conciseness. Personification: Depicting images, expressing rich meanings and having a sense of intimacy. Exaggeration: reveal the essence and give people inspiration; Set off the atmosphere and enhance the appeal; Induce association and create artistic conception. Parallelism: concentrate the content and enhance the momentum; Narrative breakthrough.
3. How to write a literary composition? Whether facing the current senior high school entrance examination or adapting to the development of the future society, students' current composition learning is worrying.
For the primary school students who are about to enter junior high school in Beijing, some students have to take the school selection test and some have to take the placement test. Examination composition in Chinese examination has become a reality that must be faced.
In the face of fierce competition for further studies, do our students already have the following basic abilities to write compositions? 1. Write neatly; 2. The roll surface is clean and tidy; 3. Quick inspection and quick conception; 4. Write quickly, and write a composition of more than 500 words in 40 minutes. Don't underestimate these basic abilities, because they will directly determine the level of students' composition. If the composition written by students can't meet the first two standards, then it is basically impossible for the article to enter the first and second categories.
Why emphasize the first two items? Because this is a problem that everyone easily ignores. In addition, we made a survey on the students of "Little Talented Writing Class" in the winter vacation of junior high school in 2004, and found that the students had the following problems: 1. They don't like writing very much and don't believe that they can write well; 2. Writing is slow. Parents generally report that it takes students 1.5-2 hours to write a 500-word composition at home. 3. Write typos on the surface of the roll and alter them with correction fluid and correction tape; 4. The font is not neat enough; 5. The oral expression ability is average, and I dare not speak on the podium.
For such primary school graduates, our teachers and parents should first believe that students are capable of writing well, but the most important thing is that our parents and teachers should take targeted training to help students improve their writing level in the shortest time. In view of the problems existing in the graduating class, the following measures are mainly taken: First, training basic skills, first of all, improving writing interest and cultivating writing emotion.
Dr. Yang Zhenning, an American Chinese, believes that "the secret of success lies in interest". Only when students have a strong interest in writing can composition training be effective.
At the same time, psychology tells us that interest is related to current needs. Therefore, although there are various ways to improve students' interest in writing, the most important thing is to appreciate students' writing so that students can get a successful and happy experience from it. In addition, writing questions should keep up with the situation, keep pace with the times, conform to students' real life, and be as innovative as possible, so as to stimulate students' interest in writing and give them something to write.
In addition, we should pay attention to guiding students to accumulate writing materials. The accumulated materials should pay attention to three points: one is typical, the other is accurate, and the third is memory. Use your brain to remember, not just your notebook.
The richer the material, the faster the writing speed. There is also to enrich the writing language.
One of the ways to enrich writing language is to recite and strengthen extracurricular reading. The more books you read, the more familiar you recite, the smoother your composition and the more literary your language is. Training writing ability writing ability directly affects writing speed.
To strengthen the training of writing ability, students are required to develop good writing habits and write words in a standardized and neat way. We sum up these measures into four daily activities: 60 minutes a day, famous sentences of about 200 words, 65,438+00 minutes to practice calligraphy, practice speed and accumulate vocabulary.
B Read famous paragraphs and articles of 1000 words for about 5 minutes to cultivate a sense of language. C tell a story of 600 words in about 5 minutes to improve oral expression ability. D After class, read 12000 words for about 40 minutes to enrich your knowledge and broaden your horizons. Second, improve your writing level and test-taking ability. For every Chinese teacher, the basic way is to be strict and write in a limited time. In order to improve the speed, each composition can only be arranged for one class hour, that is, 45 minutes, which must be strictly required and completed in class.
Students are required to examine questions quickly, think quickly, lay out articles quickly, write quickly and revise quickly. The time allocation of 45 minutes is roughly as follows: the examination of the topic, the conception (determining the central idea), the layout of the article (writing the outline) are not more than 5 minutes, the writing is 35 minutes, and the revision is 5 minutes.
Through training, this requirement can be met by ordinary students. In addition, it is also a good way to improve the writing speed to carry out a quick composition contest.
Every time a student writes a composition, I use a stopwatch to time it. The efficiency of students is naturally improved in this competitive atmosphere, and some students can complete nearly 600-word compositions in about 24 minutes at the earliest. Most students can finish their writing ahead of time.
At the beginning of speed training, some students couldn't keep up and couldn't finish writing in 45 minutes. What do we do? We ask teachers to strictly follow the principle of sincerely letting students be masters and strictly and seriously training basic skills.
First of all, we should give more encouragement and give students opportunities for progress; Secondly, temporarily accommodate, but never relax the requirements. Roll it up then, and roll it up before it's finished.
In this way, students will have a sense of urgency and time when they write their composition next time. Some students scribble as soon as they say they want to write quickly.
You shouldn't rush into such a student. You should take two steps. First you have to write 500 words, and then you have to write clearly. After a period of training, students in the winter vacation class can clearly feel that they have a sense of efficiency in writing, feel their progress, and begin to increase their confidence in writing.
The information feedback form written by parents also mentioned improving children's writing interest and writing efficiency. Secondly, skills training should be carried out.
Pay attention to methods to get twice the result with half the effort. The skills of quick writing, such as quick examination of topics, quick conception, quick layout of articles, quick writing, quick revision, etc., should be summarized, summarized and guided by special topics, and they should also be able to quickly deal with "stuck" phenomena in writing at any time, such as digression, empty talk, loose structure, confused thinking, unsatisfactory words, inability to write, etc., and the methods to deal with unexpected situations. Finally, in order to improve the ability of fast composition in an all-round way, comprehensive training must be carried out.
The training contents include: 1. The rapid and comprehensive use of expressions (narrative, description, discussion and lyricism); 2. Rapid comprehensive training in composition (examination, conception, conception, writing and revision); 3. The style (narrative, argumentative, explanatory, practical) is quickly and comprehensively trained; 4. Quick and comprehensive training of composition forms (propositional composition, topic composition, picture composition, composition for written materials, and self-made topic composition). The improvement of composition level is a systematic project with long period and slow effect, and teachers and parents should cooperate closely.
We just need to work hard for the students.
4. How to write a literary composition? How many talented people's brows have been wrinkled by the wind of the prosperous Tang Dynasty? How many beautiful women's eyes were wet by rain in Song Dynasty? How many literati's cheeks were pale in the heavy snow of the Ming Dynasty? The myriad customs of China culture are so worrying ... "
These sentences you choose are beautiful, but they are far from each other, and even lead you to the gorgeous style of writing.
To put it bluntly, culture is inseparable from life and there is no bright color. No matter how beautiful the sentence is, it is also pale and powerless. The most beautiful language is the most authentic language to describe life, and it is the true face of life described with the most accurate words. In other words, a language divorced from life is the most lifeless language.
5. How to make the composition vivid? 1. Observe. Observe the world around you carefully. Pay attention to every detail. 2. read. The more you read, the better. Read famous books, read all kinds of words. Read not only what you like, but also what you disagree with. If you want to criticize a person's work, you must read it first. Only when you know, can you have the right to speak. 3. Excerpts. You must have the habit of excerpting when reading. When you see the sentences and paragraphs that you think are good and can arouse your excitement or inspire you, copy them in a fixed place. 4. recite. Good poems, sentences and articles should be memorized. Reciting is a process of accumulation. 5. The article should be prepared. In other words, writing articles should have momentum and write like water. There must be ups and downs, especially the best twists and turns of some stories, which give people an unexpected feeling. Only in this way can readers be attracted to continue reading. 6. Think carefully about the words used in the article to see which one is the most appropriate. Some well-written articles seem dull at first glance, and you seem to think that you can write them. But if you study them carefully, you will find that there is the author's deliberation behind the insipid. Just like the highest state of women's makeup is to be natural, as if there is no makeup. Writing articles is not by piling up flowery words. Is to choose words carefully, without missing a spark. 7. You must have feelings when writing an article. Writing an article shows your heart to a great extent. If an article can't even touch the author himself, how can you touch others? Readers can communicate with the author through his words, so I write my heart by hand. When you write something with your heart, you will find that it is completely different from what you usually write about coping or other things. 8. Write more articles. No matter how much you say, it's better to write by hand.
6. How to write a literary composition? First of all, when writing a composition, you should have a clear point of view and clear thinking. Don't think that literary talent means changing sentence patterns. Use several rhetorical devices to realize that language and thinking are inseparable. There is no thought divorced from language, and there is no language that does not express any thought. With clear views and clear thinking, language expression will be smooth; Grasping the characteristics of things, language expression will be more vivid. Therefore, in order to make an article literary, we must first have clear views and clear ideas. Secondly, temper language and pay attention to the literariness of language. Confucius said: without words, it is not far away. He believes that speaking and writing articles should be not only ideological, but also literary, so that articles will not be handed down from generation to generation. It can be seen that a good article should not only be ideological, but also be rich in literature. For middle school students who are not proficient in language skills, it is particularly important to temper their language and pay attention to its literariness. Here are several ways to make the article rich in literary talent: method one: temper the language and pursue the vivid image of the language. To make your composition reflect the vivid characteristics of vocabulary, you must have a direction and purpose in the process of accumulating vocabulary, that is, what vocabulary we should accumulate in the composition. So what words should be used in the composition? In a word, it is fresh, lively, not rigid, not rigid, full of vitality, expressive and infectious words, that is, vivid words. Write a person's narrative and ask it to be vivid; Express a person's feelings and wishes, and seek the smoothness of his feelings. ① Use vivid words. Vividness of language is often closely linked with vividness, just like shapes and shadows. In other words, vivid language is often the language of images, and its main feature is architectural beauty, that is, three-dimensional sense. It can arouse readers' vivid thinking and stimulate readers' rich imagination and association. It can give people a feeling of being there, seeing things and hearing sounds. For example, a monk knocks at the door under the moon, and the spring breeze is green. Green in Jiang Nanan (adjectives are used flexibly as verbs). Because of the vivid and appropriate use of these two words, this work has become a masterpiece that has been handed down through the ages. When portraying characters, action description is an important means to portray characters. The key to describe their behavior is verbs. It can accurately reflect the subtle differences between characters' actions, express the characters' personality characteristics, convey the author's love and hate, make the characters vivid and give people a sense of relief. Therefore, the verbs used in writing should be accurate, vivid and emotional, reflect the personality characteristics of the characters, and include the author's love and hate. ② Use musical words. The so-called musical beauty refers to the author's use of the tonal characteristics such as the smooth change of Chinese characters and the harmony of phonology to form a kind of melodic beauty, which makes the article sound and affectionate, with good sound and meaning. In the process of writing, we should pay attention to tone collocation, rhyme coordination, clever use of overlapping words and emphasis on rhythm. For example, moonlight is like running water, quietly pouring on this leaf and flower. A thin green mist floats in the lotus pond, and leaves and flowers seem to be there. Lived up the moonlight with a dynamic verb, and wrote the scene of Yue Hui shining like a torrent. It depicts the moonlight rising slowly from bottom to top, spreading slowly and infiltrating into the lotus pond. Washing the Cage turned a static scene into a dynamic one, vividly depicting the hazy beauty of moonlight. Method 2: Choose sentence patterns to strive for the richness and diversity of the language. Different sentence patterns can be used to express the same meaning. It can also be expressed in several different sentence patterns. Mood and mood change accordingly, so the language style and expression effect are different. For example, the whole sentence (such as four-character grid, etc. ) make the sentences neat, the scattered sentences make the text smooth, and the article is lively and interesting through clever use of oral English. The article skillfully uses classical Chinese, which has its own quaint style. The so-called flexible sentence pattern refers to the author's proper choice and flexible transformation of sentence patterns according to the characteristics of the language environment and the needs of expression without changing his own meaning, so that the writing will be vivid, free, not stiff and not rigid. Common sentence patterns are: affirmative and negative sentences, active and passive sentences, long sentences. Oral and written sentences, whole sentences and scattered sentences, etc. Sentences can be divided into declarative sentences, interrogative sentences, imperative sentences and exclamatory sentences according to mood. In order to make the sentence patterns of the article flexible, we should pay attention to expressing a meaning in different ways, understand the characteristics of various sentence patterns, the expression effect and the characteristics of the language environment, and master the general methods of changing sentence patterns and choosing sentence patterns. For example, method 3: use rhetoric to improve the beauty and charm of language, and use rhetoric to beautify language. It is an important means to make the article literary. Liu Xie pointed out in Wen Xin Diao Long Cai Qing: The speaker is Wen Yuan. The general idea is that an article can be passed down through the ages because it has literary talent. Li Ao, an essayist in the Tang Dynasty, also pointed out in "Answering Wang Zai Yan Shu": Although the meaning is deep, the words are correct, and the words are not written. It means that an article can't be written even if it is established. This shows the importance of rhetoric in writing. The same meaning is expressed in different rhetorical devices, and the effect is completely different. Master the function and effect metaphor of commonly used rhetoric: when used in narration, explanation and description, things can be vivid, vivid and concrete, giving people a vivid impression; When it is used in argumentative writing, it can concretize abstract truth and make abstruse truth easy to understand. Analogy: it can make readers have a vivid impression on the things expressed, produce strong feelings and cause * * *. Metonymy: it can highlight the image and make it concrete and vivid. Exaggeration: it can arouse rich imagination, better highlight the characteristics of things and arouse readers' strong * * *. The content is concise and concentrated, and the generalization ability is strong. Parallelism: it can enhance the momentum of language. When used for reasoning, it can explain the truth more strictly and thoroughly. When used to express emotions, feelings can be expressed incisively and vividly. Question: The overall function is to make readers think. Used in the title, it can attract readers, inspire readers to think and better reflect the center of the article; Used in paragraphs.