Du Fu

Good rain knows the season, when spring comes.

Sneak into the night with the wind, moisten things silently.

The wild path is dark, and the river is bright.

Look at the red and wet place, the flowers in Jinguancheng are heavy.

This is a masterpiece depicting the rainy scene on a spring night and showing a happy mood.

Praise "rain" with a "good" word from the beginning. In life, "good" is often used to praise people who do good things. Praising rain with "good" now will arouse the association of people who do good things. Next, personify the rain, saying that it "knows the season" and knows how to meet the objective needs. Isn't it? Spring is the season when everything germinates and grows. As long as it rains, it begins to rain. Look how nice it is!

The second couplet further shows the "good" of rain. Rain is "good" because it is timely and "moistens things silently". Spring rain, usually accompanied by a breeze, carefully moistens everything. However, there are exceptions. Sometimes, it will be accompanied by cold wind, from rain to snow. Sometimes, it will be accompanied by strong winds and heavy rains. Although this kind of rain is in spring, it is not a typical spring rain. It will only hurt things, and it will not "moisten things quietly." Naturally, it will not make people "happy" and it is impossible to get a "good" evaluation. Therefore, the "knowing season" of the first couplet alone is not enough to fully show the "good" of rain. It was not until the second couplet wrote a typical spring rain accompanied by a continuous drizzle that the word "good" was implemented.

"Sneak into the night with the wind and moisten things silently." This is still anthropomorphic. The combination of "sneaking into the night" and "silence" not only shows that rain is drizzle accompanied by breeze, but also shows that rain is intended to "moisten things quietly" and has no intention of seeking "goodness" If you are interested in seeking "good", it will come during the day and create a little momentum for people to see and hear clearly. Just because it deliberately "moistens things quietly" and has no intention of seeking "goodness", it chose a time that does not hinder people's work and labor, and quietly and carefully went underground at the night when people were sleeping.

If it rains so well, I hope it rains enough and stays up all night. If only for a while, the clouds will disperse, then "moistening things silently" is very incomplete. The poet grasped this point and wrote the third couplet. On a less gloomy night, the path is easier to see than the field, and the river is easier to distinguish than the shore. What about now? Looking around, "the wild path is dark, and the river boat is bright." Only the lights on the boat are on. Besides, you can't even see the river, and you can't tell the path clearly. The sky is covered with dark clouds and the ground is as black as clouds. All right! It looks certain that it will rain until dawn.

The tail couplet is about an imaginary scene. After a night of such "good rain", everything will be nourished and prosperous. One of the flowers of all things, the flower that best represents spring scenery, is about to drop with the rain. Wait until tomorrow morning to have a look! The whole Jinguan City (Chengdu) is a peanut tree, "red and wet", red and heavy, and merged into a sea of flowers. So, what about the seedlings in the field? What about the Woods on the mountain? Everything. Everything?

Pu Qilong said: "It is easy to write about rain and cut the night, but difficult to cut the spring." This poem "Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night" not only cuts the night and cuts the spring, but also writes the noble character of a typical spring rain, that is, "good rain", which shows the noble personality of poets and all "good people".

The poet expects such "good rain" and loves such "good rain". Therefore, although the word "Xi" in the title does not appear in the poem, the meaning of "Xi" breaks through the cocoon "(Pu Qilong's Reading). The poet looked forward to the spring rain "moistening things silently", and it began to rain. As soon as he came up, he called "good" with joy. What was written in the second couplet was obviously heard. The poet listened attentively and heard the rain pouring down underground on a spring night, just to "moisten things quietly". Dont Ask For Help knew he was naturally "happy" and couldn't sleep. Because the rain is "moist and silent", I can't hear clearly. I am afraid that the rain will stop, so I will go out and watch it. What is written in the third section? I can see it clearly. Seeing the strong rain, I can't help but imagine the beautiful scenery of the city in spring after dawn. How vivid his infinite joy is!

Li Yue, a poet in the middle Tang Dynasty, wrote a poem "Watching the Rain": "Mulberry leaves come from the soil without leaves, and the flute pipe welcomes the Longshui Temple. Seeing Zhumen singing and dancing, I am afraid that the sound of spring will swallow the strings. " Compared with those who watch songs and dances in Zhumen, isn't Du Fu's joy of "moistening things silently" in the spring rain a noble feeling?

Appreciation of Du Fu's Poem Li Xinan

Xin' anli

Du Fu

The guests went to Xin 'an Road and shouted for some soldiers.

I would like to ask the Xin' an official: "Is there no Ding in the small county?"

"I officially issued a document last night and chose the men's line for the second time."

"China men are absolutely short, why should they guard the city?"

The fat man is from his mother, and the thin man is alone.

White water flows eastward at dusk, and Qingshan is still crying.

"Don't dry your tears.

You can't see the bones until your eyes are dry, and the world is cold!

Our army takes Xiangzhou and watches it every day.

You never know what a thief is, but a military star will leave the camp.

As far as food is concerned, the soldiers are still in Beijing.

If you can't dig trenches, the horse herding service is also light.

The situation is Wang Shishun, and his upbringing is very clear.

Don't cry when you send me. Servants shoot like fathers and brothers. "

In the winter of the first year of Gan Yuan, Tang Suzong (758), Guo Ziyi recovered Chang 'an and Luoyang. Soon, Guo, Li Guangbi, and other nine our time took advantage of it and led an army to attack. In (Xiangzhou, now Anyang, Henan), An Qingxu surrounded the rebels with 200,000 troops. The situation is very satisfactory. However, the fatuous Su Zong did not trust Guo Ziyi, Li Guangbi and other leaders. There is no commander-in-chief in each army, but only eunuchs are sent to comfort Chao En. As a result, the army was not unified and morale was low. The two armies were at loggerheads until the following spring, when Shi Siming reinforcements arrived and Tang Jun was defeated in Yecheng. Guo Ziyi surrendered to Luoyang, the eastern capital, and fled to our town for the rest of the time. In order to supplement the troops, the Tang dynasty smoked heavily. Du Fu is now returning to Huazhou from Luoyang. He personally heard and witnessed the painful scene of people's death after this fiasco, and after artistic refinement, he wrote poems such as Three Officials and Three Farewells. Li Xinan is the first poem in a series. Xin 'an, to the west of Luoyang.

"The guest is on the new road, clamoring for some soldiers." These two sentences are the beginning of the whole article. "Guest", Du Fu refers to himself. All the following descriptions are based on the poet's five words "Shout for soldiers".

"May I ask the new security officer:' Is there a small county without a seat?' "This is du fu's problem. Tang Gaozu Wude Seven Years (624) Customization: Sixteen men and women, 21 women. In the third year of Tianbao (744), it was changed to Gong 18 and Ding 22. According to the normal conscription system, middle-aged men should not serve. Du Fu's question is very acute. Obviously, many people were taken away as able-bodied men, but they skipped a floor and asked, "Xin' an County is small, and there are no more men, right?" Maybe he thinks that by asking this question, he can stop new security officials. "I officially issued a document last night and chose the men's line for the second time." The official was very cunning. He skipped a floor and replied that the military post issued by the state government last night would draw down the male soldiers one by one. It seems that the authorities are still very sensitive. Knowing that Du Fu made it difficult for him to refuse military service for middle-aged men, he immediately took out official posts to oppress the people. It seems that the king's method is no longer feasible, so Du Fu further questioned the practical problems and reasons: "China men are short and small, how can they guard Luoyang, the eastern capital?" The king city refers to Luoyang. In the Zhou Dynasty, Luoyi was called the King City. This is another step of Du Fu's efforts, but there is no answer. Perhaps the official is tongue-tied, but it is more likely that the official doesn't want to talk to Du Fu any more. This shows that the official is tired of Du Fu, Du Fu sympathizes with the people, and the poet is pedantic.

"Fat people have a mother to send, thin people alone. White water flows eastward, and Qingshan is still crying. " And officials have nothing to say, Du Fu turned his eyes to the escorted people. With deep feelings, he looked at these China men carefully and looked at them again. He found that those boys who looked stronger were taken care of by their mothers and were seeing them off. Of course young men can't have wives. But why didn't father come? There was a saying that "the county is small and there is no ding". Is it necessary to catch children if you have a father? Therefore, in addition to the words of "mother", we can see another tragic scene. The thinness of the "thin man" and the word "loneliness" are even more obvious. Infinite pain, nothing to say, this is the feeling of the word "loneliness". How long did Du Fu stand in front of this wailing crowd? I just think it's dusk. White water flows silently in the dusk, and Qingshan seems to be crying. Here, with the word "Jude", you will be in a trance. After people left, the crying was still in my ears, as if even the green hills and white water were sobbing. It seems unreal and true, and it is thrilling to read. The above four sentences are the poet's subjective feelings. It plays a transitional role in the development of words and feelings between the dialogue with officials in front and the comforting words behind.

"Don't dry your tears. If the eyes are dry, you will see the bones, and the world will be cold! " This is the first sentence of Du Fu's comfort. It is said that Zhongnan has left. Who should I tell? It seems that what I said to the middle-aged people before is added here. It seems that Du Fu felt too miserable after the middle-aged people passed by. A man talks to himself in the direction of middle-aged people, and his vacant expression shows his vague psychology. It is said that expressing grief and indignation is usually to release feelings, but this seems to be a collection. "Dry eyes" and "dry tears" could have been vividly described, but Du Fu added "Mo" and "Shou". "Don't dry your eyes, put away your tears." Then use "the end of the world is ruthless" to stop it. "Mo" and "Shou" come first, and "the last ruthlessness" comes last, as if someone were going to swallow all the tears. This received the artistic effect of "but since the water is still flowing, although we cut it with a sword". This kind of grief and indignation is deeper, more difficult to control, and "heaven and earth" is more "ruthless".

It is said that Du Fu's writing of "heartless heaven and earth" profoundly exposed the irrationality of the military service system, but the nature of this war is different from that when he wrote "garage shop". When the country's survival was imminent, the poet said some comforting words from the perspective of safeguarding the reunification of the motherland after accusing "the end of heaven and earth is ruthless". Xiangzhou's defeat was originally blamed on the imperial court and Tang Suzong, but Du Fu said that the enemy's situation was unpredictable, so he used such vague words to cover up the root of the failure in order to save face for the imperial court. Originally, I was defeated, but in order not to be too depressed, I said I was "returning to the army." "The situation is Wang Shishun, and his education is very clear." Tang Jun's crusade against Anshi Rebellion can be justified, of course, but where can we care for foot soldiers and raise them clearly? In addition, the so-called trenches are dug shallowly, and the work of herding horses is very light. Guo Ziyi regards foot soldiers as brothers and sisters. This is also a word of comfort. Du Fu said these words to comfort middle-aged men who were forced to join the army. While exposing poetry, it also protected the court. Du Fu's intention is bitter. In fact, the sufferings of the people and the disasters facing the country deeply stimulated his heavy and painful mind.

The contradiction expressed in Du Fu's poems not only has its own ideological roots, but also reflects the contradiction of social reality itself. On the one hand, the Anshi Rebellion burned and looted at that time, which caused unprecedented damage to the productivity and people's lives in the Central Plains. On the other hand, the rulers of the Tang dynasty exploited and oppressed the people in peacetime, but in times of national disaster, there was nothing they could do. They pushed all the disasters caused by the war on the people and donated important people, regardless of their lives. These two contradictions existed sharply in the social reality at that time, but the former was in the main position after all. It can be said that the people and the Tang Dynasty have something in common in counterinsurgency. Therefore, Du Fu's "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells" not only exposed the ruling clique's indifference to people's life and death, but also clearly affirmed the counterinsurgency war and even comforted and encouraged the candidates, which is not difficult to understand. Because although the people at that time hated the Tang Dynasty, they finally gritted their teeth and went to the front with tears in their eyes to support the counterinsurgency war.

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Appreciation of Du Fu's Poem Stone Trough

Li Shihao

Du Fu

At dusk, officials arrested people at night.

The old man climbed over the wall and left, while the old woman went out to watch.

Why are officials angry? Why do women cry?

After listening to his wife, he said, "Three men are guarding Yecheng.

One man attached a book, and two men died.

Those who drag out an ignoble existence are dead!

There is no one in the room, only a baby and a grandson.

And grandma didn't go, and there was no skirt in and out.

Although an old woman is weak, please come back at night.

If you are in a hurry to serve Shirley in the river and Yang, you might as well prepare the meal in the morning. "

The night is long and silent, like crying and choking.

Dawn will rise into the future, leaving the old man alone.

In the spring of the second year of Gan Yuan, Tang Suzong (759), six hundred thousand troops from nine provinces including Guo Ziyi surrounded Yecheng Anqingxu. Due to the disunity of command, the whole army was defeated by Shi Siming reinforcements. In order to supplement the troops, the Tang Dynasty forcibly arrested people from Luoyang West to Tongguan as soldiers, and the people were miserable. At this time, Du Fu is returning to Huazhou from Luoyang via Tongguan. From what I saw and heard along the way, I wrote "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells". Li Shihao is one of the three officials. The theme of the whole poem is to expose the brutality of officials and reflect the sufferings of the people through the image description of "officials arresting people at night"

The first four sentences can be regarded as the first paragraph. The first sentence "cast stone ditch village at dusk", come straight to the point and tell the story directly. The words "dusk", "vote" and "village" need to be pondered, so don't let them go easily. In feudal society, due to social disorder and desolate journey, tourists "stay while there is still time", not to mention in the era of war and disaster! Du Fu, on the other hand, hurried to a small village for the night at dusk. This unusual scene is very enlightening. It is conceivable that he either didn't dare to go this way at all; Or the nearby towns are empty and have nowhere to rest; Or ..... In short, a few words not only pointed out the time and place of stay, but also told the whole story about the panic, restlessness and everything out of the normal track, which provided a typical environment for the performance of tragedy. Pu Qilong pointed out that this poem "A tiger catches people" ("Reading Du Xin Jie") is not only about "arresting people at the official night", but also about the environment of the first sentence. The sentence "arresting people at the night of being an official" is the outline of the whole article, and the following plots all come from here. Saying "arresting people" instead of "recruiting soldiers", "counting soldiers" and "recruiting soldiers" is exposed and criticized in the truthful description. Coupled with the word "night", the meaning is even richer. First, it shows that the government's "arresting people" often happens, and people hide or resist during the day and cannot "catch" them; Second, it shows that the means of "arresting people" by county officials is vicious, and they make a sudden attack at night when the people have fallen asleep. At the same time, the poet threw himself into Shihao Village at dusk. Several hours have passed from dusk to night, and of course he has fallen asleep by this time. So he didn't take part in the later activities, but heard them through the door. The phrase "the old man crosses the wall and the old woman goes out" shows that the people have suffered from Ding for a long time and have no peace day and night; Even in the middle of the night, I still fidgeted. As soon as I heard the noise outside the door, I knew that the county officials had come to "arrest people" again. The old man immediately fled over the wall, and the old woman opened the door to deal with it.

These sixteen sentences can be regarded as the second paragraph, from "why do officials get angry when they shout" to "it is better to prepare for cooking in the morning" "History is called a what anger! Why do women cry! " In two sentences, the sharp contradiction between "official" and "female" is summarized extremely incisively and vividly, and written vividly. A "shout", a "cry", an "anger" and a "bitterness" form a strong contrast; The two adverbials "Yihe" add more emotional color, effectively rendering the savage momentum of the county official like a wolf, and creating an atmosphere of grief and indignation for the old woman's complaint below. The two sides of the contradiction have a master-slave and causal relationship. "Why do women cry" is forced by "why do officials cry and get angry". Below, the poet no longer writes "official call", but writes "women cry" and "official call" to see himself. "Listen to your wife first" is a link between the preceding and the following. That "listening" is the poet's "listening" and that "delivering a speech" is the old woman's "bitter cry" in response to the county magistrate's "angry cry". Thirteen poems with the content of "making a speech" have changed their rhymes many times, with obvious turning points, suggesting that county officials "shouted angrily" and pressed the topic many times. When reading these thirteen poems, don't think that the "old woman" said them all at once, while the county officials are all ears. In fact, "Why are officials angry?" Why do women cry? "Not only at the beginning of the activity, but also until the end of the activity. It is the first turning point from "three people guarding Yecheng" to "the dead are gone". As you can imagine, this is the first time that county officials have forced questions and complaints. Before this, the poet once wrote about the county officials catching tigers and arresting people with the phrase "officials catch people at night". When the old woman went out to see it, she jumped in. The thief looked everywhere, but couldn't find a man. She closed her eyes. Then he shouted, "Where are all the men in your family? Hand it over! The old woman sobbed and said, "All three sons are soldiers guarding Yecheng. One son just wrote that the other two sons are dead! ..... "Tears, I'm afraid the county officials don't believe me, and I have to take out letters to show them. In short, "the living drag out an ignoble existence, and the dead are long gone!" "The situation is sympathetic enough. She hopes to win the sympathy of county officials and be lenient. Unexpectedly, the county magistrate was angry again: "Is there no one else in your family? Hand it over! " She had to complain about this: "There is no one in the room, only the nursing children." These two sentences may not be said at once, because there is an obvious contradiction between "no one" and the following answer. The reasonable explanation is: the old woman said first: "There is no one at home!" " "At this time, the grandson hiding somewhere in his daughter-in-law's arms was scared to cry by the roar, and it didn't help. So the county magistrate seized the handle and threatened: "How dare you lie! Isn't there a child crying? " The old woman had no choice but to say, "There is only one grandson! Still eating milk, very small! " "Who eats milk? There must be a mother! Don't hand her over! " What the old lady was worried about finally happened! She had to bite the bullet and explain: "The grandson had a mother, and her husband died in Yecheng, and he didn't remarry because he had to nurse. Pity her rags, how can she meet people! Do me a favor! " ("Grandma didn't go, the skirt didn't end", and some notebooks read "Grandma is not easy to get out, and the official didn't end the skirt", which shows that the county official wants her to come out. ) but the county collectors still refused to stop. The old lady was afraid that her widowed daughter-in-law would be caught and starve her grandson, so she had to come forward: "Although the old lady is weak, please come back at night. I'm in a hurry to wait in the river, and I have to prepare breakfast. " The old woman's "speech" ended here, indicating that the county official reluctantly agreed and stopped "roaring".

Although there are only four sentences in the last paragraph, it takes care of the beginning, involves all the characters, and writes the ending of the event and the author's feelings. "The night is silent, like crying and choking." Explain that the old woman has been taken away and the daughter-in-law is crying in a low voice. The word "night is long" reflects the long process of the old woman crying repeatedly and the county officials bullying in every way. On the one hand, the word "Ruwen" shows that the daughter-in-law was sobbing because her husband was killed and her mother-in-law was "caught", on the other hand, it also shows that the poet listened attentively and couldn't sleep all night. "Tomorrow is the day to climb the future and be alone with the elderly" is the whole article, which contains infinite affection in the narrative. Imagine that the old man and the old woman were greeted when they checked into the hotel last night, but after one night, the old woman was arrested and the daughter-in-law was sobbing, so she had to say goodbye to the old man who had escaped. What is the mood of the old man? How does a poet feel? It leaves readers with room for imagination.

Qiu said in Detailed Notes on Du Shaoling Collection: "The ancients had brothers, and only one person was sent to join the army. Today, all the able-bodied men have been driven away. They are old and weak. There is a cloud in the poem: three people guard, two people die, Sun Fangru, daughter-in-law has no skirt, Weng climbs over the wall, and women walk at night. In a family, father and son, brothers, grandparents and granddaughters are so cruel, which makes people miserable! At that time, Tang Zuo was also in danger! " That is to say, "the people are the foundation of the country". If the people are made like this, the throne of the ruler will be in jeopardy. In the face of all this, the poet Du Fu did not beautify the reality, but truthfully exposed the political darkness and issued a cry of "arresting people at night", which deserves high praise.

Author: Wei Mi 2005-11-26 09:16 reply to this speech.

4 Du Fu's "Three Officials and Three Farewells" original+complete works appreciation

In artistic expression, the most outstanding point of this poem is refined. Lu Shiyong praised: "How long! What a simple statement! " That's what I said. The whole sentence narrative, no lyric words, no argument words; But in fact, the author skillfully expressed his feelings through narration and made comments, with clear love and hate and clear tendency. The combination of praise and criticism in narrative not only saves a lot of pen and ink, but also has no sense of concept. The poem also uses the expression of Tibetan questions and answers. "Collectors call what anger! Why do women cry! " After summing up the two sides of the contradiction, I concentrated on writing "woman" instead of "official", but the violence and violence of "official" were hidden in the old woman's speech and the turning point of the event. Poets are also good at tailoring, and there are endless meanings in the narrative. The first sentence was about staying overnight, and immediately turned to the theme of "arresting people at the night of being an official". For another example, it only wrote "the old man climbed over the wall and walked", but did not write when he would come back; Only wrote "I am sobbing", not who is crying; Only write the old lady's "official night please return", not whether she was taken away; However, the narrative and lyrical "farewell to the old man" begins and ends with care, telling readers that the old man has returned home and the old woman has been taken away; Then, the young widow who was afraid to make any noise with tears in her eyes was naturally nursing her child. It is precisely because the poet's pen and ink are concise and refined that the whole poem 120 words reflect the contradictions and conflicts in life with amazing breadth and depth, which is very valuable.

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Appreciation of Du Fu's Poem Tongguan Official

Tongguan officials

Du Fu

Why are foot soldiers in a hurry to build Tongguan Road?

Railways in big cities are not as good as those in small cities.

I would like to ask Tongguan officials: "Is it necessary to repair the customs?"

You want me to dismount and show me a corner of the mountain:

"Li Anyun column battle, birds can't exceed.

Stupid but self-controlled, how can you worry about western capital?

Father-in-law sees the heavy place, and the bicycle is narrow.

Hard work makes a halberd, and there is no end to using one husband. "

"Alas, Taolin, millions turned into fish.

Please advise Guan Jiang not to learn from Shu Ge! "

In the spring of 759 AD, in the second year of Gan Yuan, Tang Jun was defeated in Xiangzhou (now Anyang, Henan Province), and the Anshi Rebellion advanced to Luoyang. If Luoyang falls again, the rebels will attack Chang 'an in the west, so Tongguan, as a barrier between Chang 'an and Guanzhong, is bound to have a fierce battle. Du Fu passed by here and just saw the tense atmosphere of preparing for the war. The first four sentences can be said to be a summary of the soldiers who built the city and Tongguan defense. On the long Tongguan road, countless foot soldiers are trying to build fortifications. "Sloppy", the appearance of hard work. Adding the word "harmony" in front of it reveals the poet's infinite admiration. Looking around, the large and small city walls built along the ups and downs of the mountain are both high and firm, showing a majestic gesture. Big cities and small towns here should be understood as intertextuality. Du Fu wrote the general impression that Tang Jun stepped up the construction of Tongguan from the very beginning.

"I would like to ask Tongguan officials:' Is it necessary to repair the customs?' "These two sentences lead to" Tongguan officials ". Hu refers to the An Shi Rebellion. What is "cultivating customs"? In fact, Du Fu is self-evident. There are thoughtful questions here. Moreover, there is also a word "Huan", which secretly brings out the fact that Tongguan fell three years ago, thus arousing people's concern and suspense about the defense efficiency of Tongguan this time. This is the key to develop the following contents.

Next, it should be the answer of Tongguan officials. But he didn't seem to be in a hurry to answer, but "let me dismount and point out a corner of the mountain for me." Structurally, this is to insert a narrative into two dialogues, and the gesture is not dull. However, more importantly, these two sentences implicitly accept "repair the customs and prepare for trouble." Isn't Du Fu worried? Tongguan officials seem to be full of confidence in the fortifications built. He may feel that this question needs no explanation, and his words are not credible. Please come down and have a closer look. The following eight sentences are all from Tongguan officials. He first pointed to the towering mountains and said, "Look, those layers of battlements are too high for birds to fly over. When the enemy soldiers come, as long as they are firmly self-controlled, why worry about the safety of Chang' an! " The tone is relaxed and proud, and you can imagine the confident expression of the customs officer when he speaks. He also cheerfully invited Du Fu to see the most dangerous place: Lao Zhang, look at that mountain pass, which is too narrow for a bicycle to pass through. Really, one person's strength is above ten thousand people. These eight sentences of "watching the excitement" (Pu Qilong's Reading Interpretation) are not only a brief introduction to the customs officers, but more importantly, they show a determination of "courage without planning and self-restraint" and a spirit of "fighting for the halberd". Although this is what the customs officials said, it reflects the high morale of the officers and men guarding the customs.

Immediately after Guan Li stopped, the poet did not praise him, but was filled with emotion. Why? Because the poet has not forgotten the "lesson from the past." Taolin, namely Taolin plug, refers to the area from the west of Lingbao County to Tongguan in Henan Province. Three years ago, An Lushan who occupied Luoyang sent troops to attack Tongguan. At that time, Commander Ge planned to stick to it, but Yang became suspicious. Egged on by Yang, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty sent eunuchs to Tongguan to supervise the war. Geshuhan had to lead the troops into battle, and as a result, the whole army was wiped out, and many soldiers drowned in the Yellow River. Looking back on the present and thinking about the past, Du Fu deeply felt that special attention should be paid to drawing lessons from the last failure and avoiding repeating the same mistakes. "Please advise Guan Jiang not to learn from Shu Ge." The word "Shen" is meaningful. It does not simply accuse Ge Shuhan of incompetence or blunder, but profoundly touches many historical lessons and shows the poet's enduring grief and indignation.

Different from the monologues of the characters in the whole story of Three Farewells, Li San is accompanied by questions and answers. And this dialogue has its own characteristics. First of all, there is a sense of urgency in the arrangement of dialogue, which shows the psychology and demeanor of different characters. "Repairing customs for emergencies" is the poet's question, but the customs officials did not answer it urgently. This kind of "delay" makes people feel that customs officials have a well-thought-out plan. As soon as Guan Ju's words were finished, the poet immediately spoke his mind. This "sense of urgency" even shows his sadness about the lessons of history. Secondly, the expression in the dialogue is vivid and vivid. Guan Guan's answer did not deliberately create a strange feeling, but Tang Jun, who kept Guan Guan, left a firm, brave and calm impression on the readers. Among them, the phrase "practice the halberd hard, and use one husband through the ages" is particularly prominent, which has shaped the heroic image like a god of war and has spiritual appeal. (Du Fu's)

1, one day I will ride the wind and waves, sail straight up and cross the deep sea. It's hard to go.

But since the water is still flowing, although we cut it with a sword, sadness will come back, even though we drown them with wine. Xuanzhou Xie Tiao building

Say goodbye to Uncle Shuyun at school. "

3. Yanshan snowflakes are as big as seats, and pieces of them blow off Xuanyuantai. Popular in the north

Since God has given talents, let them be used! , spin one thousand silver, all back! . Invite for a drink

5. You didn't see how the water of the Yellow River moved out of heaven and into the ocean, never to return; Have you seen the lovely hair in the bright mirror in the high room, although it is still silky black in the morning, it turns into snow at night? Invite for a drink

Oh, let a man with spirit take risks where he wants to go, and never point his golden cup at the moon empty! . Invite for a drink

7. The green hills on both sides of the strait are opposite, and the lonely sails come from the sun. Wangtianmen mountain

8. Sailing alone in the blue sky, only the Yangtze River flows in the sky. Farewell to Meng Haoran on the way to Yangzhou from Yellow Crane Tower.

9, flying three thousands of feet, suspected that the Milky Way fell for nine days. Look at Lushan Waterfall

10, three mountains and a half fall out of the sky, and Bailuzhou is full of water. Climb the Phoenix Terrace in Nanjing.

1 1, laugh and watch the sky go out. I'm from Artemisia. Children in Nanling don't enter Beijing.

The highest cliff is less than a foot from heaven, and the withered pine trees hang low on the cliff surface. The road to Shu, so steep, steeper than Heaven.

13, a cloud rises between the light of heaven and me, hiding his city from my melancholy heart. Climb the Phoenix Terrace in Nanjing.

I will think of you in the clouds, so think of me in the sunset. See a friend off

15, which is the end of the mountain and the beginning of the plain. The river winds through the wilderness. Farewell friends at Jingmen Ferry.

16, Lin Ping is misty, and Hanshan area is sad and melancholy. Bodhisattva-level people

17, I have sorrow in my heart. When the moon is bright, I will always follow you until Yelangxi. "I heard that Wang Changling left and moved to Longbiaoyao to send this."

18, Taohuatan is deeper than thousands of feet and not as good as Wang Lun. A gift for Wang Lun.

19, white hair, three thousands of feet, long sorrow. Song Pu of Autumn

20. Oh, when will the Tatar army be conquered and when will my husband come back from the long battle! . Midnight Wu Ge

2 1, until, holding up my cup, I asked the bright moon to bring me my shadow and make the three of us. Drink the moon alone.

On the 22nd, on both sides of the ape's cry, the canoe has passed Chung Shan Man. Baidi City was released in advance.

23. The ladies-in-waiting are like full spring palace, but today only partridges can fly. Visiting ancient Vietnam and China.

Today, people can't see the ancient moon. This month, they have taken photos of the ancients. Borrow wine for the moon.

25. Oh, how can I bow and scrape to those people with high status and important positions? They never want to be seen with a sincere face. Dream of oil and Tianmu singing goodbye

(Li Bai's)