There are two explanations for these two sentences: one is that the poet is sad about current events and cares about his relatives, so he cries when he sees flowers (or tears splash on them) and is afraid when he hears birds. In addition, it is said that it is anthropomorphic with flowers and birds, because it hurts when you feel confused, flowers also shed tears, and birds are also shocking. You can say both. Sense of time: sentimentality about the present situation of the country. Hate parting: sad and hate parting.
(3) March in a row: It means that two springs have passed since last year's war. Reach 10,000 gold: It is extremely rare that a letter from home can be worth 22,000 gold. Arrival: value.
4 muddy: simple. Desire: to be; I will.
⑤ Incredible: The hair is so small that it can't even be inserted into a hairpin. Win: bear
Edit the translation of this paragraph.
The scenery seen in spring
Reference translation 1
The country is ruined, and only the mountains and rivers are still there. It's spring again in Chang 'an, but after being burned and looted by the rebels, it's already desolate, with deep and dense vegetation everywhere. Although the flowers in spring are in full bloom, they are not pleasing to the eye, but make people cry, as if the flowers are also crying; Although there are spring birds and songs everywhere, I feel sad because I left my family. Listening to the songs of birds is not only unhappy, but also shocking. The war has been going on for a long time, and there has been no news from home for a long time. A letter from home can be worth 12 thousand gold. Because of sadness and worry, the white hair on my head is getting less and less, and I can't even wear a hair clasp.
Reference translation 2
The old country is dead, leaving mountains and rivers empty. Spring has come, and Chang 'an grass is deep. Sigh the status quo, can't help crying when I see flowers, hate to leave, and can't help but be afraid when I hear birds singing. War is raging, and it's late spring in March. Letters from home are precious and worth two thousand gold. My white hair is getting shorter and shorter in pain, and I can't put it down.
Rhyme translation:
Chang 'an fell into the country, but only the mountains and rivers remained.
Spring has come, the city is empty, sparsely populated and the vegetation is dense and deep.
Affectionate state affairs face flowers, and tears are hard to stop.
The separation of parents and birds is thrilling and only increases hatred.
Since the beginning of spring, wars have been frequent and spread in March.
Home? There is little news from the country, and a letter is worth thousands of dollars.
Sorrow is entangled in scratching my head and thinking, and my white hair is getting shorter and shorter.
Hair loss is so short that it can hardly be inserted.
Edit the writing background of this paragraph.
This was done by Du Fu in Chang 'an during the Anshi Rebellion. In August of the first year of Tang Suzong Zhide (756), Du Fu went from Yinzhou (now Fuxian County, Shaanxi Province) to Lingwu (now Ningxia) and defected to Suzong. On the way, he was captured by rebels and later trapped in Chang 'an. This poem was written in March of the following year. The whole article is concerned about the country, hurting the time, homesickness and self-pity, which shows the poet's broad mind of worrying about the country and the people. This is the internal reason why this poem is gloomy, tragic and moving through the ages.
Edit the introduction of the author of this paragraph.
Du Fu (7 12-770), with beautiful words, was a great poet in the Tang Dynasty and was known as the "poet saint". He lived in an era when the Tang Dynasty turned from prosperity to decline, and most of his works described the situation of the motherland at that time, so his poems were called "poets". Originally from Xiangyang, Hubei Province, Gong County, Henan Province. Du Zhisun, a poet in the early Tang Dynasty. Tang Suzong, Official Left Addendum. After he entered Shu, he was recommended by his friends as a staff officer of Ren Jiannan Drug Rehabilitation Center, and Yuan Wailang was appointed as the school's engineering department. Therefore, later generations also called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu.
Du Fu is as famous as Li Bai and is known as "Du Li" in the world. The core of his thought is the Confucian thought of benevolent government. He has a great ambition of "making the monarch Yao and Shun superior first, and then making the customs pure". He loves life, people and the great rivers and mountains of the motherland. He hated evil, criticized and exposed the corruption of the imperial court and the dark phenomenon in social life. He sympathized with the people and even fantasized that he was willing to make self-sacrifice to save their suffering.
Du Fu is a great realistic poet, who wrote 1400 poems in his life. He lived in the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline. An Shi Rebellion broke out in 755 AD. In the second year, the poet Du Fu learned that Tang Suzong ascended the throne in Lingwu and went to Tang Suzong regardless of safety, hoping to make a difference. The result was detained in Chang 'an by An Lushan rebels. Spring is coming again, the poet climbs high and looks far, and the mountains and rivers remain the same. However, the country is divided, the people are displaced, and Chang 'an is in ruins. The poet was filled with emotion, and wrote this five-character poem "Spring Hope", leaving with emotion and worrying about the country and the people.
Edit this passage to enjoy
The whole article revolves around the word "Wang", and the first four sentences are lyrical by taking advantage of the scenery. The poet set off the ruin of the country by describing Chang 'an, which is lush and sparsely populated. The first song "Although the country is divided, the mountains and rivers live forever" is shocking and has a sense of historical vicissitudes. The phrase "Where the petals have fallen like tears, and the lonely bird has sang mourning" personifies the flowers and birds, feeling that the country is divided and the national affairs are difficult, and the flowers and birds in Chang 'an are all shocked by tears. The poet's cross-conversion of feelings and scenery implicitly conveys the poet's sigh, anxiety and anger from climbing to farsightedness, from far and near, from weak to strong. The country is in turmoil, the war has been going on for years, the people are in poverty, and Le Shu is impassable. At this time, it is particularly valuable to receive a letter from home. The poet reflects from the side the great pain brought by the war to the people, and the urgent mood of people wanting to know whether their loved ones are safe during the turbulent period. At the same time, it also shows the poet's deep concern for the country through hard-won letters from home. In the last two sentences, the poet's increasingly sparse white hair can't even be inserted into the hair clasp, and the poet's anxiety and indignation are deeply and widely expressed by action. The whole poem is full of scenes, deep feelings, implicit and concise, which fully embodies the poet's artistic style of "depression and frustration"
In July (756), in the fifteenth year of Tianbao, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, the Anshi Rebellion captured Chang 'an, and Su Zong ascended the throne in Lingwu, changing Yuan to virtue. On his way to Lingwu, Du Fu was captured by the rebels to Chang 'an, and wrote this poem the following year (the second year of Zhide). The poet witnessed Chang 'an's flute falling and homesickness in adversity, and he couldn't help feeling deeply. One or two couplets of poetry, writing about the defeat of Spring City, are full of sighs; Three or four couplets are about relatives, full of feelings of separation.
The whole poem is calm, sincere and natural, which embodies the poet's feelings of loving the motherland and caring for his family. Modern people such as Xu Yingpei and Zhou Rongquan commented on this poem: "The meaning is straightforward, the scenery is not free, the feelings are strong but not floating, the things are rich but not miscellaneous, and the meter is rigorous but not rigid." This theory is quite appropriate. "A letter from home is worth a thousand pounds of gold" is also a famous saying that has been passed down through the ages.
From Tang Suzong to Deyuanzai (756), in June, An Shi Rebellion captured Chang 'an, Tang Dou. In July, Du Fu heard the news of Tang Suzong's accession to the throne in Lingwu, and made his home in Qiang Village, Zhangzhou, and went to Su Zong. On the way, he was captured by rebels and taken to Chang 'an. He was not imprisoned because of his humble position. Hope in Spring was written in March of the following year.
The first four sentences of the poem are about the defeat of the spring city, full of sighs; The last four sentences are about the situation of relatives, full of feelings of separation. The whole poem is calm, sincere and natural.
"Although the country is divided, the mountains and rivers remain forever, and the vegetation turns green in spring." At the beginning, I wrote what I saw in spring: the capital fell and the city was broken. Although the mountains and rivers are still there, there are grass everywhere and the trees are gray. A word "broken" makes people stunned, and another word "deep" makes people sad. Sima Guang said: "The mountains and rivers are all there, and there is nothing in the Ming Dynasty." : the vegetation is deep and no one is there. "("Wen Gong Xu Shi ") The poet here clearly wrote about scenery, but in fact he expressed his feelings. He entrusted his feelings to things and scenery, creating an atmosphere for the whole poem. This couplet is ingenious, mature, natural and poetic. "The destruction of the country" is opposite to "the spring of the city". The ruins of "National Destruction and Death" are in sharp contrast with the wealthy businessmen in "Spring in the City". "The country is broken" followed by "there are mountains and rivers", which means the opposite and is unexpected; "Spring in the City" was originally a beautiful scenery, but the suffix "deeply planted" is ridiculous and contradictory, one after another. In the Ming Dynasty, Hu Zhenheng spoke highly of this couplet, saying that "duality is not implicit, but it changes vertically and horizontally, making it more stereotyped, more implicit and deeper, and taking justice from nature." ("Tang Yin Gui Qian" Volume 9)
"Petals fall like tears, and lonely birds sing their sorrows." The general explanation of these two sentences is that flowers and birds are originally recreational things, but they hate parting because of their feelings, which makes the poet cry. Another explanation is that flowers and birds personify people and feel sad when they leave. Flowers also splash tears and birds are heartbroken. Although their theories are different, their spirit can be interlinked, one is touching the scene and the other is feeling deeply, which shows the richness of good poetry.
The first four sentences of the poem are all in the word "Wang". Poets look at it from near to far, from far to near, from cities to mountains and rivers, and from cities to flowers and birds. Feelings are from hidden to obvious, from weak to strong, step by step. In the change of scenery and emotion, it seems that the poet gradually turned from longing for the scenery to overlooking and thinking about the scenery, and naturally transitioned to the second half-missing his loved ones.
"After three months of war, a letter from home is worth a ton of gold." From the Anshi Rebellion, "the war was fierce and the countryside was broken", and the war continues until the end of March and spring. How I look forward to hearing from my relatives at home. At this moment, a letter from home is really better than "tiger balm"! "A letter from home is worth a ton of gold" wrote the long-awaited urgency of news isolation. This is the idea in everyone's mind, which naturally makes people * * * sound, thus becoming a famous sentence that has been told through the ages.
"I stroked my white hair. It has become so thin that it can no longer hold hairpins. "There are bonfires everywhere, and my family doesn't trust me. I miss the tragic image in the distance, and I look at the scene of decline in front of me. I don't feel bored and hesitant, but my hair is sparse and short. "White hair" is caused by worry, "scratching" is an action to relieve worry, and "shorter" indicates the degree of worry. In this way, in addition to the grief of national demise and death, sighing and aging will add another layer of sadness.
This poem reflects the poet's good sentiment of loving his country and his family. The meaning is not straight, the scenery is not free, the emotion is strong but not superficial, the content is rich but not miscellaneous, the meter is rigorous but not rigid, and it is written clearly, so it has been circulated for more than 1,200 years.
The antithesis in the poem "Hope in Spring" is: petals fall like tears, and lonely birds sing their sadness. The war lasted for more than half a year, and letters from home were rare, with a hundred thousand gold.
Artistic conception appreciation
In June 756, An Shi Rebellion captured Chang 'an. In July, Tang Suzong ascended the throne in Lingwu, and Du Fu went to see Su Zong after hearing the news. On the way, he was captured by rebels and taken to Chang 'an. Hope in Spring was written in March of the following year. It is a concentrated expression of the poet's feelings of worrying about the country and the people and hurting himself, which is touching.
"Although the country is divided, the mountains and rivers remain forever, and the vegetation turns green in spring." At the beginning, I wrote what I saw in spring: the capital fell and the city was broken. Although the mountains and rivers are still there, there are grass everywhere and the trees are gray. A word "broken" is shocking, and another word "deep" is sad. Here, the poet clearly describes the scenery, but in fact he is expressing his feelings, giving them to things and entrusting them to the scenery, creating an atmosphere for the whole poem. At the same time, this couplet is neat, mature, natural and poetic. The meaning of "national break" is opposite, which is in strong contrast with "city spring". The meaning of "national break" is opposite and unexpected. "Spring in the city" should be a beautiful scene, but the suffix "deep planting" is ridiculous and contrary.
"Petals fall like tears, and lonely birds sing their sorrows." These two sentences are usually interpreted as: Flowers and birds are originally entertainment, but they hate parting because of their feelings, which makes the poet cry. Another explanation is that flowers and birds personify people and feel sad when they leave. Flowers also splash tears and birds are heartbroken. Although their theories are different, their spirits can be interlinked. One is touched by the scene, and the other is empathetic. Both of them express their feelings that are harmful to nature. This Federation is inherited by the word "feeling of time" and opened by the word "hate farewell", with clear rules and regulations.
The first four sentences of the poem are all in the word "Wang". In the change of scenery and emotion, it seems that the poet gradually turned from eagerly watching the scenery to bowing his head and meditating, and naturally transitioned to the second half-missing his loved ones.
"After three months of war, a letter from home is worth a ton of gold." From the Anshi Rebellion, "the war was fierce and the countryside was broken", and the war continues until the end of March and spring. The poet's wife and children are in Zhangzhou, and his family's safety haunts him. How can he rest assured that there is no letter at home? Arriving at Wanjin is about the preciousness of family letters, the isolation of news and the long-awaited urgency, and the strong yearning for his wife and children. This is the idea in everyone's mind, which naturally makes people sing * * *, thus becoming a famous sentence that has been passed down through the ages.
"I stroked my white hair. It has become so thin that it can no longer hold hairpins. "There are bonfires everywhere, and my family doesn't trust me. I miss the tragic images in the distance, and when I am bored, I can't help scratching my head, feeling that my hair is sparse and short. "White hair" is caused by worry, "scratching" is an action to relieve worry, and "shorter" indicates the degree of worry. In this way, in addition to the grief of national demise and death, sighing and aging will add another layer of sadness. And his age is so fast, which is caused by worrying about the country and the people and homesickness when he is hurt.
Throughout the poem, the first four sentences are all about the defeat of Spring City, full of sighs; The last four sentences are about the situation of relatives, full of feelings of separation. The whole poem is profound, sincere and natural, which embodies the poet's beautiful sentiment of patriotism and love for his family, so it has been well-known for thousands of years and lasts forever.
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Marco Lin, Tianjiabing Middle School, Pingyuan County, Guangdong Province
Teaching points: ① Reading aloud, appreciating, exploring and expanding.
Difficulties in teaching: ① Understanding the content of poetry in combination with the background of the times.
(2) Understand the feelings expressed in the poem, such as hating farewell, worrying about the country and homesickness.
Teaching method: active reading teaching method
Class schedule: one class.
Teaching process:
I. Activity Import
1, author profile;
2. Recall the poems of Du Fu that I have studied before;
3. Writing background: An Shi Rebellion broke out in 755 AD. In 756, the poet Du Fu learned that Tang Suzong was enthroned in Lingwu, regardless of safety, and settled down in Qiang Village of Zhangzhou, hoping to do more. As a result, on the way to Lingwu, he was taken captive to Chang 'an by the rebels of An Shi Rebellion and became a prisoner for more than half a year. In March of the second year (757), spring came back to the earth, with lush vegetation and flowers, and Chang 'an was full of vitality everywhere. The poet's long-term separation from his family can only aggravate Du Fu's pain and sadness. The poet was deeply moved by this scene, so he wrote this five-character poem-"Spring Hope".
Second, appreciation activities (reading and tasting poems)
1. The students tried to understand the whole poem through comments.
2. Students ask questions and understand the whole poem (students ask questions that they don't understand, and teachers and students answer them together).
Third, inquiry activities.
1. Contrast is often used in poetry, that is, the right or wrong of a thing is used to compare the right or wrong of a thing. This technique was used in the first two sentences of Du Fu's Spring Hope. Can you tell me your understanding?
"Guo" refers to the capital Chang 'an, the center of politics, economy and culture, and the degree of prosperity can be imagined. But at present, there are only mountains and rivers in Chang' an, which does not mean that the prosperous capital of the past has been destroyed by the rebels, leaving only.
Do mountains and rivers flow? Spring has come, and the city is full of "deep vegetation". Didn't you say that there are fewer people who let vegetation grow?
2. How to understand the meaning of "the petals have flowed like tears, and the lonely bird has sang sorrow"?
The annotation of the textbook is "the place where petals flow like tears"-sentimental about state affairs, and you can't help crying when you see beautiful flowers. "And the lonely birds sang their sorrows"-leaving sadly, afraid to hear the euphemistic birdsong. In fact, intertextuality is used here. It means: I feel sorry for national affairs and parting, so I can't help crying when I see beautiful flowers, and I am afraid when I hear euphemistic birdsong.
Fourth, reading activities (reading poems)
1, give students about 2 minutes to read freely;
2. Old teachers study;
3. Students try to read;
4. Boys and girls stagger to read the whole poem;
5. Read aloud in groups.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) outreach activities
Comparative Reading —— Appreciation of Imperial Army's Recovery of the Yellow River
The news of this distant western station! The north has been recovered! At first, I couldn't stop crying on my coat.
Where are my wife and son? There is not a trace of sadness on their faces. However, I packed my books and poems crazily.
On a green spring day, I began to go home, singing my songs loudly and drinking my wine.
Come back from this mountain, pass another mountain, go up from the south and then go north-to my own town! .
(1) This poem describes the author's mood after hearing the news of victory.
(2) Although the two poems "Spring Hope" and "Both sides of the Yellow River are recaptured by the imperial army" are sad and happy, they express the same thoughts and feelings of the authors. What kind of thoughts and feelings?
Sixth, the teacher summarizes.
Seven. homework
1. Say a few words on the topic "A letter from home is worth a ton of gold". What are you going to say?
2. According to the appreciation method taught by the teacher, choose a lyric poem you like to appreciate.