Quote: Make the article more convincing. Reflect the accuracy of explanatory language. Quoting ancient poems: making expository writing more poetic.
Comparison: highlight characteristics (status, influence, etc.). ) to explain the object.
Number of columns (column data): Numbers are the most accurate, scientific and convincing basis for quantitatively explaining the characteristics or reasons of things. Explaining with numbers can not only accurately and objectively reflect the facts, but also be persuasive. ) accurate and convincing to readers.
Classification: clear, clear at a glance.
For example, abstract things become concrete, vivid and vivid. (or explain the characteristics of things in an exact, concrete and easy-to-understand way. )
Imitation: Make the explained object more vivid and concrete.
Definition: make people understand abstract words more clearly when reading.
Interpretation: Let readers understand abstract words more clearly and better when reading.
Draw a chart (list a chart: let people see it at a glance. in an orderly way
What is the function of each explanation method in explaining the article? 1. Example: Use this example to illustrate the characteristics of things and increase the credibility of the article. 2. Comparison: Highlight the characteristics of things through comparison. 3. Metaphor: explain things vividly ... 4. Enumerate numbers: make readers have an accurate understanding of the description object through numbers. It reflects the accuracy of the interpretation language. 5. Citation: Cite materials to explain the characteristics of ... and enhance the persuasiveness of the article. 6. Definition: Understand what is ... Use accurate and concise language to give readers a clear concept of the object to be explained. 7. Classification: clear explanation ... 8. Explanation: explanation ... 9. Imitation: vivid explanation ...
Explain objects and characteristics. Look at the explanation,
First of all, we should accurately grasp the object of interpretation, so as to distinguish between explanatory articles and explanatory articles and further understand the content of interpretation. Then we should focus on explaining the characteristics of the object. This is the key to analyzing an explanatory article. Only by accurately grasping the characteristics of the explanatory object can we deeply understand the explanatory object and make clear the structural level and central content of the article. To accurately grasp the characteristics of the explanatory object, we must carefully read and understand the text content, especially pay attention to carefully ponder the key words (central sentences)
Secondly, clarify the structure and analyze the order of interpretation. The structure of explanation is not complicated. The common structural forms are "general (generalization)-concrete", "general (generalization)-concrete-general (generalization)" and "concrete-general (generalization)". It depends on the characteristics and purpose of the object of explanation. There are three commonly used interpretation orders: chronological order, spatial order and logical order. Sometimes an article can use several interpretation sequences alternately, such as the article "Stone Arch Bridge in China", which has both chronological interpretation from ancient times to the present, and logical interpretation from generalization to concrete, whole to region. Each sequence has certain linguistic symbols. When reading, using certain symbols to grasp the language can be more fluent.
Third, analysis and interpretation methods. In order to explain the characteristics of things clearly, appropriate interpretation methods must be adopted. Common explanation methods include examples, numbering, analogy, comparison, classification, definition, explanation, illustration and so on. After reading the explanatory text, we can understand its interpretation methods. First, we should look at what interpretation methods are used and what objects are explained. Second, we should look at what language forms are used to express the interpretation methods.
In Chinese, what are the ways to explain expository texts? What is the difference? For example, real and concrete figures, accurate and concrete analogies and vivid images.
Contrast, highlight, emphasize classification, draw charts clearly and clearly, and be specific at a glance.
Definition, accurate and complete imitation, vivid reference (quotation), accuracy, authority and persuasiveness.
Explain (a feature)
Explain the explanation methods and functions in the article 1 Definition: Summarize the connotation and essence of the object concisely and clearly, so as to make the explanation article more rigorous, scientific and rigorous.
2. Interpretation: Explain things to explain the reasons and internal relations of the explained content, so that readers can better understand abstract words when reading.
3. Example: Example is to explain things, and its function is to make the explained object concrete and easy for readers to understand.
4. List numbers: list numbers for explanation. Its function is to make the explanation accurate and convince the readers.
5. Metaphor: Use similes and metaphors in rhetorical methods to explain vividly and enhance the interest of the article.
6. comparison: compare one thing with another to emphasize its characteristics (status, influence, etc.). ) to explain the object.
7. Quote: Quote other people's words or original materials to strengthen the authenticity of the theoretical basis of the explained things.
8. Classification: a large range is divided into small ranges, and complex things are divided into several small things to be explained according to certain standards. Its function is to make the explanation clear.
9. Imitation: revealing the characteristics of things through specific descriptions can make the descriptions vivid and make the articles more readable.
10. Chart: Drawing a chart can make the explanation intuitive.
What are the common interpretation methods in Chinese explanatory texts and what are their functions?
Give examples to explain things, make the things to be explained specific and make readers understand. This method of explanation is called example.
Function: Make the meaning expressed in the article clearer and easier to be understood by readers, and specify the characteristics of the described object.
Example: Clouds can foretell the weather. For example, in Xinjiang, the appearance of clouds means rain. -"Looking at the weather from the clouds" (list the corresponding examples in a wide range)
The example of ... is given, which shows that ... makes the article more convincing.
cite
In order to make the explanation more substantial and convincing, we can quote some documents, poems, proverbs, famous sayings and so on.
Function: Make the article more convincing. Reflect the accuracy of explanatory language. Quoting ancient poems: making expository writing more poetic.
Example: In the Tang Dynasty, it was said that it was "fantastic, and people don't know why". -"China Stone Arch Bridge" (which can increase the persuasiveness of the article)
Quoting poetry makes the article poetic. Quoting stories makes the article interesting.
contrast
Contrast method is an explanatory method to compare two kinds of things and phenomena in the same or different categories to illustrate the characteristics of things. Explain that some abstract or unfamiliar things can be compared with concrete or familiar things, so that readers can get a concrete and vivid impression through comparison. The characteristics of things often appear in comparison. When making a comparison, it can be a comparison of the same kind or a comparison of different kinds. Things can be compared horizontally or vertically.
Function: Compare ... with ... and highlight the characteristics of objects.
Example: When the Yongding River flooded, the water was very strong. In the past, the embankments on both sides of the river were often washed away, but nothing happened to this bridge, which shows its firmness. -"China Stone Arch Bridge" (highlighting the characteristics of the object being explained. )
Digital column
In order to specify the things to be explained, you can also use the method of enumerating numbers to make readers understand. It should be noted that the quoted figures must be accurate, and inaccurate figures must never be used. Even the estimated figures must have reliable basis and be as approximate as possible.
Function: Explaining with figures can not only accurately and objectively reflect the facts, but also be persuasive. It also reflects the accuracy of the description text and accurately explains the characteristics of the description object.
For example, Zhao Zhouqiao is very majestic, with a total length of 50.82 meters, a width of 9.6 meters at both ends, and a narrow middle and a width of 9 meters. Moreover, the whole bridge has only one big arch, which is 37.4 meters long.
classify
It is often difficult to explain the characteristics of things unilaterally. According to the similarities and differences of shapes, properties, causes and functions of things, things can be divided into several categories, and then explained one by one according to the categories. This method of explanation is called classification. Classification is an important way to explain complex things clearly. Sometimes it is necessary to explain the characteristics and essence of things from several aspects, which is also a classification.
Function: clear organization, clear hierarchy and clear at a glance. Explain the characteristics of the object clearly to make the article more convincing.
For example, screens can be divided into gold screens, silver screens, gold screens, painted screens, stone screens, wooden screens, bamboo screens, and so on. Thus, there is a distinction between elegance and vulgarity in art, and it also reveals the different economic and cultural levels of users. -"Say" screen "(let readers know the types of screens. )
For example.
Comparing the similarities between two different things to highlight the shape characteristics of things and enhance the vividness and vividness of explanation is called analogy.
The explanation method of analogy in expository writing is consistent with metaphor and association in rhetoric. The difference is that there are similes, metaphors and metaphors in figurative rhetoric, while similes and metaphors are mostly used for description, while metaphors are inappropriate.
Function: for example, vividly explain the characteristics of the description object to make the description easier to understand.
Example: The bridge opening of the stone arch bridge is curved, just like a rainbow. -"China Stone Arch Bridge" can make the explained object vivid. )
Imitate appearance
In order to make the explained object more vivid and concrete, we can imitate the appearance.
Function: Describe the characteristics of ...
Some of these stone lions are hugging their mother and son, some are whispering, some are listening to the sound of running water, and some are watching pedestrians. -"China Stone Arch Bridge" (makes the explanation more concrete and vivid. )
rule
Defining the essential characteristics of a concept with concise language and scientific terms is called definition. Definition can accurately reveal the essence of things.
Function: make people understand abstract words more clearly when reading.
Example: Overall planning method is a mathematical method for arranging work procedures. -"overall planning method" (can accurately reveal the essence of things. )
interpret
From one side, make some general explanations about a certain characteristic of things. This method is called explanation.
Function: Make readers understand abstract words more clearly and better when reading.
A big arch has two small arches on each shoulder. This creative design not only saves stone and reduces the weight of the bridge, but also increases the water flow in the bridge hole and reduces the impact of flood on the bridge when the river surges. At the same time, add an arch on the arch to make the bridge more beautiful. -"China Stone Arch Bridge" makes readers understand the ingenuity of this design. )
bar chart
In order to explain very complicated things clearly, charts can be used to make up for the shortage of using only words and explain something more directly.
Function: let people know at a glance. Clearly and directly describe the characteristics of the described object.
Make a hypothesis
To make assumptions is to express what will happen in the future with hypothetical ideas.
Function: use hypothetical environment to predict possible future situations.
Example: We only have one earth. If it is destroyed, we have nowhere to go.
Interpretation is an expression that clearly explains the shape, nature, characteristics, reasons, relationships and functions of things in concise words. Some explained objects are physical things, such as mountains, rivers, plants, stationery, buildings, utensils and so on. Some are abstract truths, such as thoughts, consciousness, self-cultivation, viewpoints, concepts, principles, technologies, etc. The basic requirements of explanatory writing language are scientific, rigorous, accurate, true, thorough, concise and clear; Literary discourse also requires vividness and vividness. Proper use of interpretation methods can improve the scientificity and accuracy of interpretation language, make the object of interpretation more concrete and vivid, make readers understand and understand the author's meaning more clearly, enhance persuasion, and sometimes enhance readers' reading interest and highlight the theme. Common explanation methods include examples, classification, comparison, explanation, analogy, imitation, definition, column number, column diagram, quotation, etc. When writing an explanatory article, we should choose the best method according to the characteristics of the explanatory object and the purpose of writing. The following are explained separately: 1, an example. By giving specific examples to explain the characteristics/reasons of things, the explanation will be more specific and convincing. 2. classification. Explain the characteristics/reasons of things in different categories to make the explanation more organized. 3. Make a comparison. Compare _ _ _ _ _ _ and _ _ _ _ _, and highlight the characteristics/reasons of things. 4. Make an interpretation. Give a concrete explanation of the characteristics/reasons of things, so as to make the explanation easier to understand. 5. for example. Compare _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to _ _ _ _ _ _ _, so as to vividly explain the characteristics/reasons of things. 6. imitate. A vivid description of the characteristics/events of things makes the explanation more specific. 7. Definition. Reveal the explained objects/scientific facts in concise and scientific language, so as to reveal the characteristics/facts of things more scientifically, essentially and generally. 8. Column number. Explain the characteristics/reasons of things with specific materials to make the explanation more accurate and convincing. 9. Column chart. Explain the characteristics/reasons of things by listing charts, which makes the explanation more concise and intuitive. 10, refer to the description. There are several forms of quotation: a, quoting specific examples: (the same as examples) b, quoting specific materials: (the same number) c, quoting famous sayings, aphorisms and proverbs. The function is to make the explanation more convincing. D, citing myths and legends, news reports, riddles, anecdotes, etc. The function is to enhance the interest of the explanation. (the quotation description is at the beginning of the article, which also leads to the description of the object. Description order: spatial order (also called factual order), chronological order (including development order) and logical order (also called logical order). There will also be a phenomenon that one order is used first in the explanation questions and other orders are used. One word at a time. I hope it helps you.
Example of explanation method in explanation text *** 10 (1)
Give examples to explain things, make the things to be explained specific and make readers understand. This method of explanation is called example. Benefits: Make the meaning expressed in the article clearer, more vivid, more understandable to readers and more convincing. More specific and detailed.
(2) For reference
In order to make the explanation more substantial and specific, we can quote some documents, poems, proverbs, famous sayings, etc., which can make the explanation more convincing. Benefits: Make the article more convincing. Reflect the accuracy of explanatory language. Quoting ancient poems: making expository writing more poetic.
(3) Comparison
Contrast method is an explanatory method to compare two kinds of things and phenomena in the same or different categories to illustrate the characteristics of things. Explain that some abstract or unfamiliar things can be compared with concrete or familiar things, so that readers can get a concrete and vivid impression through comparison. The characteristics of things often appear in comparison. When making a comparison, it can be a comparison of the same kind or a comparison of different kinds. Things can be compared horizontally or vertically. Benefits: Outstanding features (status, influence, etc.). ) to explain the object.
(4) Column number (column data)
In order to specify the things to be explained, you can also use the method of enumerating numbers to make readers understand. It should be noted that the quoted figures must be accurate, and inaccurate figures must never be used. Even the estimated figures must have reliable basis and be as approximate as possible. Benefits: Numbers are the most accurate, scientific and convincing basis for quantitatively explaining the characteristics or reasons of things. Explaining with numbers can not only accurately and objectively reflect the facts, but also be persuasive. ) accurate and convincing to readers.
(5) Classification
It is often difficult to explain the characteristics of things unilaterally. According to the similarities and differences of shapes, properties, causes and functions of things, things can be divided into several categories, and then explained one by one according to the categories. This method of explanation is called classification. Classification is an important way to explain complex things clearly. Sometimes it is necessary to explain the characteristics and essence of things from several aspects, which is also a classification. Benefits: clear organization, clear at a glance.
(6) For example
Using the similarity between two different things to compare, highlight the characteristics of things and enhance the vividness and vividness of explanation is called analogy. The interpretation method of metaphor in explanatory text is consistent with that in rhetoric. The difference is that there are similes, metaphors and metaphors in figurative rhetoric, while similes and metaphors are mostly used for description, while metaphors are inappropriate. Benefits: abstract things become concrete, vivid and vivid. (or explain the characteristics of things in an exact, concrete and easy-to-understand way. )
(7) Imitate appearance
In order to make the explained object more vivid and concrete, we can imitate appearance, which is called "copy (mó) appearance". Benefits: Make the object of explanation more vivid and specific.
(8) Definition
Defining the essential characteristics of a concept with concise language and scientific terms is called definition. Definition can accurately reveal the essence of things. Benefits: It can make people understand abstract words more clearly when reading.
(9) explanation
From one side, make some general explanations about a certain characteristic of things. This method is called explanation. Benefits: It enables readers to understand and recognize abstract words more clearly when reading.
(10) Drawing chart (column chart)
In order to explain very complicated things clearly, charts can be used to make up for the shortage of using only words and explain something more directly. More specific. Benefits: it's obvious. Clear organization.
What are the four kinds of expositions in expositions?
Common interpretation methods
There are 10 common interpretation methods, such as citing examples, classifying, enumerating data, comparing, drawing charts, defining, explaining, analogizing, imitating appearances, quoting data, etc. When writing an explanatory article, we should choose the best method according to the characteristics of the explanatory object and the purpose of writing. The following are explained separately.
(1) example. Cite practical examples to explain things, make the things to be explained specific and make readers understand. This interpretation method is called example method. For example:
Most people always think that when they are old, their memory ability must be poor. Actually, it's not. Please look at the experimental results: The International Linguistic Society made a comparison between young people aged 9 to 18 and adults over 35 when learning Esperanto, and found that the former was not as good as the latter in memory. This is because adults have rich knowledge and experience, and it is easy to establish extensive contacts on the basis of existing knowledge. This connection is called "association" in psychology. People's memory is based on association. The more knowledge and experience, the easier it is to establish associations, and the memory will be improved accordingly. Marx began to learn Russian in his fifties. After half a year, he has been able to read the original works of famous poets and writers Pushkin, Nikolai Gogol and Schederin with relish. This is due to rich language knowledge and ability to understand many modern and ancient languages.
The point of this article is that memory is not necessarily bad when you are old. To illustrate this point, the author first provides the experimental results and analyzes the reasons. So far, it's all right, but it's not specific enough and convincing, so let's take another example: when Marx was in his fifties, it took only six months to master Russian. This way, the content is specific and the persuasion is enhanced.
Illustration in expository writing and illustration in argumentative writing can make the content concrete and enhance persuasiveness. But there are differences between them. Examples in argumentative essays are used to prove points, while examples in expository essays are used to introduce knowledge.
To illustrate things or things through examples, we should pay attention to the representativeness and appropriateness of examples.
(2) classification. According to certain standards, the described objects are divided into different categories and explained one by one. This method of explanation is called classification.
Classification is an important way to clarify complex things.
When using classification methods, we should pay attention to the classification standards, and only one standard can be used at a time to avoid overlapping. For example, "the collection of books in the library includes China, classics, foreign countries, science and technology, literature, modern times and political economy." There is more than one standard used here, so it is not clear. The correct statement should be:
The collection of books in the library is divided into Chinese and foreign countries by country; According to the times, there are classical and modern; By nature, there are science and technology, literature and political economy.
In this way, only one standard is used for each classification, which is clear at a glance.
The characteristics and essence of some things need to be divided into several points or aspects, which also belongs to classification.
Please note that by using the classification method, there should be no omissions in the listed categories.
(3) List data. In order to make the things to be explained specific, you can also use the method of enumerating information to make readers understand. It should be noted that the quoted figures must be accurate, and inaccurate figures must never be used. Even the estimated figures should have reliable basis and try to be approximate.
(4) Make a comparison. Explain that some abstract or unfamiliar things can be compared with concrete or familiar things, so that readers can get a concrete and vivid impression through comparison. The characteristics of things often appear in comparison.
When comparing, you can compare things in the same category, things in different categories, things can be compared horizontally or vertically.
(5) draw a chart. In order to explain complex things clearly, we can also use charts to make up for the lack of simple words and explain some things more directly and concretely.
(6) definition. Defining the essential characteristics of a concept in concise language is called definition. Definition can accurately reveal the essence of things and is a common method in scientific and technological discussion.
When defining, we can consider it from different angles according to the purpose of description. Some emphasize characteristics, such as the definition of "person"; Some emphasize functions, such as the definition of "fertilizer"; Some explain both characteristics and functions, such as the definition of "master planning method" and "applied science".
Man is an advanced animal who can make tools and use them to work.
Fertilizer is a substance that can provide nutrients to make plants grow.
③ Overall planning method is a mathematical method for arranging work procedures.
Engineering technology, called applied science, is the knowledge of applying the basic theories of natural science to solve problems in production practice.
No matter from what angle, no matter in what way, as long as a definition is made, it is necessary to reveal the essence of things, and only such a definition is scientific. For example, someone said, "Man is an upright animal with two feet." This definition is unscientific because it does not reveal the essence of things. "Man is an advanced animal who can make tools and use them for labor." This is the definition of science, because it reveals the essence of human beings.
(7) interpretation. Explain some characteristics of things from one side. This method is called hermeneutics.
Definition and explanation often adopt the language form of "what is so-and-so". The form is the same, how to distinguish it? Generally speaking, the words on both sides of the word "yes" are interchangeable, which is the definition; If it is not interchangeable, it is interpretation.
For example, the phrase "man is a higher-level animal that can make tools and work with them" is changed to "the higher-level animal that can make tools and work with tools is man", and the meaning remains unchanged. The sentence "Snow is the solid precipitation formed in the cloud" cannot be changed to "The solid precipitation formed in the cloud is snow". It can be seen that the former sentence is a definition and the latter sentence is an explanation.
(8) For example. Using the similarity between two different things to compare, highlight the characteristics of things and enhance the vividness and vividness of explanation is called analogy.
The interpretation method of metaphor in explanatory text is consistent with that in rhetoric. The difference is that there are similes, metaphors and metaphors in figurative rhetoric, while similes and metaphors are mostly used for description, while metaphors are inappropriate.
(9) imitation. In order to make the explained object more vivid and concrete, we can imitate the appearance, which is called imitation.
(10) reference. In order to make the content of the explanation more substantial and specific, you can quote materials to explain. The quoted materials range from classic works, famous sayings, formulas and rules, allusions and proverbs.
One explanation method is rarely used in an explanatory text, and many explanations are often used comprehensively. On the one hand, it obeys the needs of the content, on the other hand, the author has the freedom of choice. Whether to adopt one interpretation method or multiple interpretation methods, one interpretation method is another interpretation method, which can be flexible and not static.