Fang Xianzhi (February 196-June 1968) was born in Zhuji County, Zhejiang Province. Pioneer of orthopedics in China and founder of orthopedics medicine in China.
I have been studious since childhood. In 1925, he was admitted to Shanghai Hujiang University. Since then, he has been admitted to Peking Union Medical College. In 1938, he went to Boston University in the United States for further study. After returning to China, he continued to teach at Union Medical College. In 1942, Peking Union Medical College Hospital was occupied by the Japanese invaders. Fang Xianzhi, who had strong national pride, refused to work for the Japanese invaders and resolutely left Peking Union Medical College Hospital and moved to Tianjin. In August 1944, Tianjin Orthopedic Hospital was founded and served as the first president. In 195, the first batch joined the medical team to resist US aggression and aid Korea and went to the front to rescue the wounded. In order to cultivate orthopedic talents, in 1952, Fang Xianzhi and his colleagues jointly wrote to the Central Ministry of Health to apply for the establishment of an advanced training class for orthopedic surgeons. In 1953, Fang Xianzhi was entrusted by the Ministry of Health to set up a national training class for orthopedic surgeons in Tianjin. In 1957, the Orthopedic Training Course Newsletter was founded, which was the first professional journal of orthopaedics in China. After the development of the Orthopedic Supplement of Tianjin Medical Journal, it evolved into the Chinese Journal of Orthopedics, which made outstanding contributions to promoting academic exchanges in orthopaedics and popularizing advanced experience. He died on June 29th, 1968, at the age of 62.
Fang Xianzhi has made a lot of contributions to orthopedic medical care. In 1951, he pioneered a new method for the treatment of bone and joint tuberculosis-debridement therapy for bone and joint tuberculosis. In addition, he classified orthopedics and established a modern orthopedic system; His classification of bone tumors is concise and to the point, which is called "mode classification"; He pioneered the surgical treatment of "open reduction and internal fixation" in China, which greatly improved the cure rate and functional recovery rate of joint fractures; He repeatedly monitored the curative effect and promoted the fracture therapy of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine.
Chinese name: Fang Xianzhi
Nationality: China
Nationality: Han nationality
Birthplace: Zhuji County, Zhejiang Province
Date of birth: February 24, 196
Date of death: June 29, 1968
Occupation: doctor
Graduate school: Peking Union Medical College < Graduated from Hangzhou Xiuzhou Middle School in 1925.
From 1925 to 1928, I studied in the Biology Department of Shanghai Hujiang University.
From 1928 to 1933, I studied in Peking Union Medical College, and after graduation, I received my doctor's degree from new york State University.
From 1933 to 194, he worked as a resident, chief resident, attending physician, lecturer and professor in Peking Union Medical College Hospital.
I went to the United States in p>1938 and studied at Boston University.
In July p>1942, Tianhe Hospital was established in Tianjin.
In August p>1944, Tianjin Orthopedic Hospital was established in Tianjin.
from 1952 to 1968, he was the director of orthopedics of Tianjin People's Hospital and a professor of Tianjin Medical College.
On June 29th, 1968, she died of liver cancer in Tianjin.
Life experience
China Orthopedic Pioneer, founder of Tianjin Orthopedic Hospital, Professor Fang Xianzhi, known as the "Bone Sage", was born in Zhuji County, Zhejiang Province on February 24, 196, and has been diligent and studious since childhood. In middle school, I studied in Hangzhou Xiuzhou Middle School (now Jiaxing Xiuzhou Middle School). In 1925, he entered the biology department of Shanghai Hujiang University (now Shanghai University of Technology) for three years and completed the pre-medical course. In 1928, he entered Peking Union Medical College. At that time, Union Medical College was the highest medical institution in China, which was famous for its high quality. There were not many students in each session, only 2 or 3, and the educational system and pre-medical courses lasted for 8 years. Students are carefully selected and must have a solid foundation in biology, mathematics, physics and English. On the basis of three years' medical prediction and five years' rigorous training, Fang finally completed all the basic medical and clinical courses with excellent results. After graduation, he stayed in school as a resident, chief resident, attending physician and lecturer, and was highly respected and loved by doctors at all levels. In 1938, he went to Boston University in the United States for further study. After returning to China, he served as a professor at Union Medical College.
In p>194, when the Pacific War broke out, Union Medical College was forced to close. Fang first came to Tianjin with some old classmates of Xiehe, first founded Tianhe Hospital (meaning Tianjin Xiehe Hospital), and took charge of general surgery and orthopedics himself. Later, due to the needs of orthopedic patients, Tianjin Orthopedic Hospital was established under the sponsorship of local gentry. Although these two hospitals are private, small in scale (the orthopedic hospital initially has only 1 beds) and not fully equipped, they basically follow the system of Union Medical College Hospital, and strive to standardize the medical record writing, laboratory examination, operation and pre-and post-operation treatment. Fang Xianzhi not only personally undertakes heavy medical tasks, but also participates in some management and even laboratory work. Because of his superb medical skills, he was well-known in Tianjin in just a few years, with more and more patients and more beds. The establishment of these two hospitals has enriched Tianjin's medical strength and solved many difficult and serious diseases.
In order to give full play to the role of some medical experts, Tianjin Municipal Government has successively established some specialized hospitals on the basis of the original hospitals, such as changing Doctor Ma Hospital into People's Hospital, focusing on orthopedics and oncology. Fang Xian was employed as the director of orthopedics in this hospital. Shortly after the establishment of the hospital, orthopedics quickly developed from scratch into four wards with more than 1 beds. Such a large-scale specialized hospital was rare at that time. Fang Xianzhi was also employed as a professor at the newly established Tianjin Medical College. After just a few years of preparation, the Department of Orthopaedics of Tianjin People's Hospital has developed into a multi-disciplinary department, ranking among the first-class departments in China and winning high praise.
Fang Xianzhi worked hard in running a school, and achieved remarkable results in medical treatment. He was commended by the Ministry of Higher Education and the Ministry of Health. In 1962, the State Science and Technology Commission passed the appraisal and spoke highly of Fang Xianzhi's important scientific research achievements in treating fractures with integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine.
in the cultural revolution, Fang was persecuted first. On June 29th, 1968, Fang Xianzhi died of liver cancer in Tianjin First Central Hospital at the age of 62. Ten years later, in the summer of 1978, a grand memorial service was held for Fang Xianzhi in Tianjin Martyrs Cemetery, attended by representatives from all walks of life in Beijing and Tianjin and about 6 friends during their lifetime.
medical technology
noble medical style and superb medical technology
Fang Xian has always been diligent and responsible in medical treatment, loving professionalism for decades. He is always affable to patients at ordinary times, and he treats patients equally regardless of their status.
Fang Xian is knowledgeable. Orthopedics is not completely independent from major surgery when the branch is not detailed. Fang Xian not only has profound attainments in his own orthopedic specialty, but also has rich clinical experience in some related disciplines, such as general surgery, neurosurgery, urology and thoracic surgery. He can skillfully perform bowel, stomach, kidney, prostate and even thoracotomy, which can be said to be multi-functional. Fang Xian also has a solid foundation in some basic medical disciplines, such as anatomy, physiology, biochemistry and pathology. His diagnosis of diseases does not rely solely on experience or laboratory reports, but on the basis of mastering sufficient and reliable materials, he analyzes, identifies and induces them. For example, for bone tumors, he emphasized the combination of clinical symptoms, X-ray manifestations and pathological features. He often watches pathological sections in person to understand the source, morphological characteristics and biological behavior of tumor cells, and then makes a correct judgment after repeated research.
Fang Xianzhi made a detailed examination of each patient before operation, repeatedly considered whether it was suitable for operation, then made an operation plan, chose the best scheme, and took corresponding measures according to the possible situation during operation to make full mental preparation. Fang Xianzhi particularly emphasized that a good surgeon should not be just a surgeon, but a physician who can handle a scalpel. That is to say, a surgeon needs to master both hands, not only to operate, but also to handle general medical situations. Fang Xianzhi not only pays attention to the operation itself, but also attaches great importance to the pre-and post-treatment Every patient should be fully prepared before operation, including talking with the patient and his family, so that they can understand the purpose of the operation and its prognosis, thus strengthening the patient's confidence. Explain in detail all the medical staff who participated in the operation in advance and obtain good cooperation.
Fang Xianzhi always enters the operating room ahead of time every time he has an operation. He often personally directs anesthesia, inserts an endotracheal tube, positions the patient, and marks the position of the surgical incision in advance. The operation was leisurely and the anatomy was distinct. Fang Xianzhi stopped bleeding carefully in the operation and the surgical field was clear. His famous saying is "Don't stop bleeding, don't move forward", and strive to minimize the damage caused by surgery to patients. Fang Xianzhi never let go of any details of the operation, and participated in the operation from beginning to end until the patient's wound was stitched up and the dressing was covered before leaving the operating room. After operation, patients are often visited to remind supervisors and junior doctors to pay attention to what may happen after operation, with special emphasis on postoperative functional exercise, so as to strive for an early recovery. After his operation, the effect was excellent, and the patient quickly returned to work.
Fang Xianzhi strives for perfection in technology and is never satisfied with what he has achieved. He keeps up with the advanced pace of foreign scientific and technological development, constantly absorbs, digests and innovates. He observed the methods used in the past for a long time through a large number of cases, and once he found shortcomings or found better methods from the literature, he did not hesitate to improve the old methods or introduce new ones. He has always been practical and realistic in his work, never covering up his shortcomings, or even denying what he originally insisted was correct. Although he didn't understand the new method proposed by others for the time being, he never rejected it, but he personally observed it for a period of time. Once it was proved to be effective, he actively supported it and made it more perfect in theory and technology. The application and popularization of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine in treating fractures is a good example.
Fang Xianzhi often leads physicians in the department to discuss discharged cases and death cases, and constantly sums up experience. He never lets go of missed diagnosis, misdiagnosis and serious mistakes or accidents caused by improper treatment. His earnest style of focusing on things instead of people not only educates people, but more importantly, reminds everyone to pay attention and take a warning.
training talents
Fang Xianzhi has always attached importance to training talents. He particularly emphasized basic kung fu training, such as writing medical records, regular physical examination and basic surgical operations. He also often uses English terms to improve the foreign language level of doctors. Every Sunday morning, he always attends routine rounds with some experts, and in the evening, he hosts clinical pathological conference with some experts. At this time, the small Tianhe hospital nursing hall is always crowded with young and middle-aged medical staff who are eager for knowledge.
In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, there was no major in major surgery, and few people specialized in orthopedics. Fang Xianzhi deeply felt that to develop orthopedics in China, it was necessary to vigorously train talents. In 1953, under the active suggestion and advocacy of Fang Xianzhi, the National Orthopaedic Training Class of Tianjin Medical College was established, and the teaching base was located in Tianjin People's Hospital. At the beginning, there was a serious shortage of manpower and material resources, and there was a lack of experience in holding advanced advanced training classes. Fang Xianzhi fully mobilized the strength of the orthopedic community in Tianjin and started school as scheduled. The first few students have strict requirements for admission, with at least 5 years of clinical experience, many of whom are attending doctors or above, or even directors or associate professors. Fang Xianzhi personally inquired about the teaching plan, curriculum design and specific arrangements. He not only gives lectures in person, but also writes handouts. I often listen to other people's lectures and make constructive suggestions. Review and revise the handouts written by others in person, and ask for new content every year. Fang Xianzhi insisted on the teaching method of integrating theory with practice and studied while practicing. Except for weekly teaching rounds and outpatient consultations, all courses will be arranged after 4 pm, which will never affect the work of outpatient and ward. In addition to systematic lectures twice a week, a clinical pathological conference is also arranged, in which students at all levels and doctors at all levels in the hospital take turns to speak. After full free discussion, pathologists will announce the results of biopsy or autopsy, and finally Fang Xianzhi will make a concluding speech. Practice has proved that this is a very lively teaching method, which is helpful to improve the ability of differential diagnosis of diseases.
Fang Xianzhi teaches surgery every week, explaining some common orthopedic operations from anesthesia, posture, incision, exposure level to resection or fixation methods. Afterwards, the detailed surgical records were sorted out and printed into a book, which made it a good practical teaching material.
after a year of intense and systematic study and serious, rigorous and rigorous hard training, the trainees in the advanced training class have greatly improved on the original basis, and can master the basic knowledge and technology of general orthopedics, and also learn a set of pathological analysis and scientific research methods. Many well-known experts in China graduated from the Tianjin Orthopedic Physician Training Course.
academic contribution
Fang Xianzhi has made great achievements in the treatment of bone and joint tuberculosis, the treatment of fractures with integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine, and the classification of bone tumors. As early as 1947, Fang Xianzhi pioneered the tuberculosis focus removal method based on the application of anti-tuberculosis drugs, and formulated a set of operating procedures for major joints of the whole body, such as shoulder, elbow, hip, knee and spine, from surgical approach, focus removal, bone graft fusion to plaster immobilization after operation. The key point is to thoroughly remove the tuberculosis focus as far as possible on the basis of improving and strengthening the general situation of patients and systematically applying anti-tuberculosis drugs. The so-called focus removal refers to the removal of dead bones, abscesses and caseous substances, the removal of hypertrophic synovium and fibrotic fistula, and the chiseling of hardened bone cavity walls; According to the patient's age and occupation, different measures were taken, such as simple resection, bone grafting and joint fusion. Decompression and fusion were performed simultaneously for patients with spinal tuberculosis complicated with spinal cord compression. Continue to use anti-tuberculosis drugs for a long time after operation, strengthen nutrition and immobilization. The advantage of this operation is that the course of treatment is greatly shortened, which not only cures the disease itself, but also maintains all or part of the function of the affected part. With the continuous improvement of surgical methods and techniques, the cure rate of tuberculosis of limbs and simple spine is over 95%. 9% of patients with spinal tuberculosis complicated with paraplegia also recovered.
Take the forearm radioulnar fracture as an example. In the past, western medicine thought that it was difficult to achieve good reduction of the double fractures of these two bones, and it was difficult to avoid displacement by traditional reduction methods of general Chinese medicine. Fang Xianzhi observed the function of interosseous membrane connecting radioulna, and found that when the forearm was in the neutral position (neither pronation nor supination), the bone gap was widest, the distance between the middle parts of the two bone shafts was the farthest, the interosseous membrane was tense up and down, and the interosseous ridges that scratched ulna confronted each other. From this phenomenon, he got enlightenment: if the interosseous membrane is complete and tense after fracture, the radial and ulnar shaft is the most stable. In the treatment of double fractures of the forearm, firstly, the forearm was divided into bones under the traction of neutral position, and then two compression pads were placed between the two bones on the back of the forearm, and four small splints on the palm, back, radial and ulnar sides of the forearm were added to keep the interosseous membrane tense and control the rotational displacement. Fang Xianzhi and others also designed a set of exercises after forearm fracture according to the movements of Xiaoyun hand and Dayun hand in Tai Ji Chuan, so that patients with forearm fracture can not only avoid forearm rotation, keep the fracture end stable, but also keep shoulder and elbow joints moving. After this kind of reduction and training, the original complicated fracture treatment becomes simple, and the success rate reaches 9%.
For humeral fractures, femoral shaft fractures, tibiofibular fractures and fractures in adjacent joints, he has established his own treatment methods under the principles of "combination of motion and static" and "attaching equal importance to bones and muscles", forming a complete system of treating fractures with integrated Chinese and western medicine. Classification of bone tumors There are many kinds of bone tumors, and there have always been various classification methods, but they are often complicated and generally clinical.