The historical significance of the Revolution of 1911: First of all, it overthrew the feudal and decadent rule of the Qing Dynasty, ended the autocratic monarchy system for more than two thousand years, and created a modern national democratic revolution in the full sense, which has epoch-making historical significance. . Secondly, the first bourgeois republican government in Chinese history was established and the "Provisional Constitution" was formulated, which made the concept of democratic democracy and peace begin to take root in the hearts of the people. Thirdly, a series of decrees conducive to the development of national capitalist economy and bourgeois democratic politics were promulgated, creating certain conditions for the development of national capitalism. Finally, it has combated the forces of imperialist aggression to a certain extent and has a significant impact on promoting the national liberation struggles of Asian countries. In short, the Revolution of 1911 was the first historic change in China in the 20th century.

The reasons for the failure of the Revolution of 1911: On the one hand, the objective reason is that the reactionary forces at home and abroad are too strong. On the other hand, the subjective reason is the economic and political weakness of the Chinese national bourgeoisie: first, it lacks the courage and strength to completely oppose imperialism and feudalism; secondly, it fails to put forward a clear and complete anti-imperialist and anti-feudal revolutionary program; thirdly, it fails to put forward a clear and complete anti-imperialist and anti-feudal revolutionary program; , failed to launch a peasant revolution; finally, there was no strong revolutionary party.

The historical lessons of the Revolution of 1911: It did not change the social nature of old China: first, it shows that the bourgeoisie cannot lead China’s bourgeois democratic revolution to complete victory; second, it declares the end of the old democratic revolutionary era led by the bourgeoisie The end; third, it shows the historical inevitability of the transformation of the Chinese revolution from old democracy to new democracy.

Historical Evaluation of the Revolution of 1911 There have always been different discussions on the historical evaluation of the Revolution of 1911. The authors argue that past estimates have often been too low. Although the Revolution of 1911 failed to fundamentally solve the problems of imperialist aggression and China's feudal forces, under the historical conditions at that time, it overthrew the autocratic monarchy system that had ruled China for thousands of years and opened the way for subsequent revolutions. This is a great achievement of the Revolution of 1911. Regarding the reactionary Qing government, should we sacrifice our lives and blood to overthrow it like the revolutionaries did, or should we defend it like the constitutionalists? This is a fundamental road issue. On this point, the direction of the constitutionalists is wrong; but some of the positive effects it has played cannot be denied. It has been exactly 70 years since the Revolution of 1911, which deeply stirred the hearts of a generation in modern Chinese history. As the years go by, everything that happened back then has long become a relic of history. However, there are still different discussions at home and abroad about the merits and demerits of this revolution. This article is not intended to comprehensively discuss the historical evaluation of the Revolution of 1911. I only want to talk about my thoughts on two of the more important issues.

~ 1 / 4 ~ 1. The historical status of the Revolution of 1911 Comrade Lin Boqu once said with emotion forty years ago: "For many young people who have not experienced the rule of emperors, the political significance of the Revolution of 1911 is It is not surprising that they are often underestimated, because they do not see how difficult it is to overthrow an autocratic regime that has been inherited for thousands of years." ("Thirty Years Passing") Mr. Lin personally participated in the Revolution of 1911. . His profound words are so pertinent! There are many historical achievements of the Revolution of 1911. One of the prominent ones was the overthrow of the autocratic monarchy that had ruled China for thousands of years. This was indeed a huge event at the time. We cannot regard the transition from autocratic monarchy to the establishment of a republic as an insignificant change in the form of a political system, or even as a replacement of a brand without changing the medicine. China has been under the rule of an autocratic monarchy for thousands of years. This is a horribly heavy inherited burden! For many years, the supreme monarchy has been the centralized symbol of feudalism. From an early age, people have been constantly indoctrinated into their minds with the set of feudal ethical concepts of "Three Cardinal Guidelines and Five Constant Virtues", and regard them as unchanging and natural principles. "A country cannot live without a king for a day." The monarch became the highest representative representing God's will and standing at the top of the feudal hierarchy. In the face of this system, everyone must abide by their "status" with fear and fear, and no overstep is allowed. This is the so-called "Father, son, monarch and minister, the law of the world, there is no escape between heaven and earth." (Volume 5 of "The Posthumous Letters of the Cheng Family in Henan") If anyone dares to have a little doubt, it will be called "apostate" or "unsagely incompetent" at least. The worst case scenario is that "rebellious ministers and traitors will be punished by everyone." Wang Xifeng in "A Dream of Red Mansions" has a famous saying: "I dare to pull down the emperor even if I am willing to be killed."

"It can be seen that at that time, anyone who wanted to "pull the emperor down" had to be fearless and "willing to be killed", which most people would not even dare to think about.