First, create an atmosphere to stimulate interest in inquiry
Scientific inquiry is an important experience for students to grow up, and it is also an important process for students to learn science and explore new knowledge. Facing a group of innocent and lovely children, how to cultivate their scientific inquiry spirit, attitude and method, so that every child can jump into the science park full of wisdom and charm with curiosity, confidence and pleasure?
1 Take care of "kindling"
Curiosity is an important psychological characteristic of primary school students and an important personality quality of students' creative behavior. Curiosity can stimulate people's interest and desire to explore things, and urge people to constantly pursue new discoveries. In the exploration of "interesting food chain", a student put forward his own ideas, but he was not very confident. I encouraged him: "Why don't you do the experiment?" So he boldly started the experiment. Although the experiment failed, I still affirmed the advantages of his daring to guess. How can we know the result if we don't start work?
Teachers should give children space to express their findings and appreciate their "curiosity" with a tolerant and friendly attitude. On the road of exploring new knowledge, teachers should be the patron saint of children's curiosity!
Do everything possible to ignite the "spark"
Piaget said: "All mental work depends on interest. Successful teaching is not mandatory, but to stimulate students' interest. "Interest is the best motivation to guide children to actively participate in inquiry activities. Although children are curious and willing to explore by nature, they are not interested in scientific inquiry activities with single form and boring content and will only cope. Therefore, when carrying out activities, we should try our best to arouse students' enthusiasm for inquiry according to the different contents of inquiry. For example, in the teaching of "leverage", the teacher designs a game of "Who has the greatest strength", so that students can recommend two students who are recognized as having the greatest strength and the least strength in the class to compete. The weak one presses the stick at the end far from the fulcrum, and the strong one presses the stick at the end near the fulcrum. As a result, those few times with small strength won easily. This result, obviously beyond the students' expectation, can stimulate students' interest in learning the "principle" of leverage.
3 Enthusiastically pay attention to "generation"
Classroom teaching is an organized, planned and step-by-step learning activity under the guidance of teachers. It is precisely because of the nature of classroom teaching that teachers should carefully preset teaching plans. From another point of view, students are living beings with distinct personality, life is different, life has potential, and students will show different emotions, attitudes and cognitive differences in the process of learning. There are often unexpected "accidents" in the classroom. Therefore, teachers must attach importance to generation and treat it with enthusiasm, so that the stories that are constantly generated in the classroom become an important resource for students to interact and explore in depth. Teachers also have the responsibility to standardize, screen and sublimate the generation, so that the newly generated classroom resources can effectively arouse students' in-depth thinking and exploration, improve students' thinking quality and serve students' follow-up study.
Third, skillfully and flexibly guide students to master inquiry methods.
Teachers should be good at guiding and helping students master the methods of learning and exploration, so that students can not only deeply understand knowledge, but also learn quickly and vividly, and promote all-round development.
1 Carefully guide and learn to learn independently.
"Teaching is to not teach". Teachers should guide students to study independently, dabble extensively, contact students with other disciplines and life experience, ask questions by themselves, collect and sort out materials through various channels, and master a lot of knowledge outside textbooks. For example, before teaching the lesson "Swallows flying south", students can be provided with the book "Migratory Birds", or they can be introduced to borrow books about birds in the library to broaden their knowledge horizons and enhance their ability to apply information technology.
2 sincerely and patiently wait for "discovery"
The most important thing to learn to learn is to learn to capture information and ask questions in complex situations. Asking questions is the beginning of learning to learn. Children can take the initiative to ask some questions with thinking value, which shows that they have begun to learn to think, which is an extremely important step in a person's development. It is more important to ask questions than to solve them. Therefore, teachers should strive to create a relaxed and harmonious learning environment and enthusiastically encourage children. Even though some questions raised at the beginning may be naive, rambling and even irrelevant to Wan Li, you can't say no without saying a word. You should patiently remind your child to think again from another angle. Even if the child takes a detour, this experience is very valuable, prompting the child to reflect on the reasons for making mistakes, and the most important value of inquiry learning lies in its evaluation of the child's growth and development. Teachers should be more tolerant, wait more, and look forward to the "discovery" of children in their studies.
Step by step, guide students to "explore" in an orderly manner.
The learning process of students is a process of continuous and gradual development. For example, if teachers can carefully design practical activities and guide students to climb the ladder, once the old ones are introduced, they will naturally come; Further deepening and broadening is conducive to accepting new knowledge. The teaching slope is small, which is convenient for teaching and learning. For example, in the class of "The Power of Magnets", I first introduce magnets through the game of "cat fishing" with teachers and students, and then encourage students to explore the process of "what objects magnets can attract" by playing magnets, and then guide students to design and improve their own experimental schemes, and then carry out the inquiry activity of "Under what circumstances magnets are more attractive". This orderly arrangement is more interesting than one. Students can play in schools and middle schools and devote themselves to inquiry learning from beginning to end.
4 Perseverance, cultivate a good discussion atmosphere for students
Discussion is the central link of classroom teaching, which helps to enhance students' oral expression ability, stimulate students' active thinking, improve students' ability of independent thinking, analysis and problem solving, and effectively give play to students' initiative and cooperation. In normal teaching, teachers should try their best to create opportunities for discussion, so that students can read by themselves, express their opinions, communicate with each other, distinguish right from wrong and draw correct conclusions.
Fourth, break the shackles of the classroom and leave time and space for students to explore independently.
Tao Xingzhi, a famous educator, has long advocated "liberating children's thoughts, hands and mouths, and liberating children's space and time". Nowadays, our teaching methods should also make positive changes, from "thinking for children" to "teaching children to think". In class, teachers should let go appropriately, give up space for activities, leave enough time for exploration, provide opportunities for learning and practice, and make science teaching have a democratic, relaxed, harmonious and pleasant atmosphere. In the whole process of study and exploration, students can constantly find problems and actively ask questions, and dare to express their opinions in the process of exploration. Teachers should give students the opportunity to show their achievements and let them exchange information in the process of happy exploration.
Fifth, encourage evaluation and maintain enthusiasm for inquiry.
Evaluation is for better study. The evaluation in scientific inquiry should focus on improving each student's scientific literacy. In every link of teaching, teachers should always pay attention to students' classroom performance and reaction, and give necessary and appropriate encouragement and guidance in time. For example, give applause to students who can actively think and ask questions, actively cooperate with inquiry and put forward some different opinions. Even if students make mistakes or fail in the process of inquiry, teachers should not simply criticize and blame, but should guide students to find problems themselves, give correct guidance, help solve problems and give students confidence and courage. In fact, it is also a good thing that students can make "mistakes", which shows that students are thinking independently, have their own independent opinions and can express them. It also shows that students have courage. Teachers evaluate children's inquiry activities with brand-new and appreciative eyes, which will make children fully experience the happiness and turn the setbacks and failures encountered in inquiry into the motivation of re-exploration and re-learning.
Sixth, be good at organizing students to get close to nature and cultivate scientific inquiry skills.
Science comes from and serves nature. It is an important symbol of the success of science education that students can actively and independently explore science in nature. Therefore, teachers should actively guide students to use the inquiry methods learned in class to observe and explore after class. Close contact with nature can not only successfully complete the teaching task, but also enable students to learn a lot of knowledge that can not be learned in textbooks. It can also stimulate students' interest in inquiry, let them see a vibrant life world, appreciate the beauty of nature, and arouse their feelings of cherishing life and caring for the world around them. For example, "Looking for Living Animals" needs to take students to the wild to observe and discover; Teaching the roots of plants can inspire students to observe and collect all kinds of plants in the wild.
In short, teachers should be good at finding the window of inquiry, grasp the goal of inquiry, guide students to carry out scientific inquiry at multiple levels and from multiple angles, and fully mobilize students' enthusiasm for inquiry, so that students can dare to imagine, experiment, observe and actively analyze natural phenomena, so as to learn the correct methods, get new insights and discover new laws in inquiry activities.
(Editor: Wang)