"Liu Xiang didn't pull out the seedlings, I just saved some time than others." Sitting on the wooden bench beside Shanghai Xinzhuang track and field, Sun Haiping talked about Liu Xiang and why the fastest hurdler in the world has made such great achievements. This bench has been with him for nearly 20 years. During his 20 years of coaching career, Sun Haiping tasted failure and success, collected countless lessons and refined them into experience, and applied them to Liu Xiang until he ran out of the Olympic gold medal and ran to 12.88 seconds.

Sun Haiping remembers that in the spring of 2005, all China was still immersed in the joy of Liu Xiang winning the Olympic champion. A university professor wrote him a letter, which read as follows:

Hello, Director Sun Haiping! ..... According to the general rule, it takes 6-8 years for an athlete to succeed, but it only took Liu a little over 5 years to reach the top level in the world. Is it necessary to pull out the seedlings to encourage them?

Only true love and cherish will produce trouble. Sun Haiping was deeply moved by the newspaper's concern and care, and almost confided all the secrets of his success to Liu Xiang.

Speed, not on the runway.

"We practice hurdles, and all training should be carried out according to the characteristics of hurdles. The reason for this project is actually very simple. " Sun Haiping explained, "In my opinion, the hurdle is actually a sprint with obstacles. Only by understanding and understanding this feature can we choose the best training method for those who practice this project. " Sun Haiping's training for Liu Xiang is centered on "sprinting over obstacles".

Hurdling is similar to sprinting, and it is a straight field event, so the pursuit of speed is the first. "But the speed didn't run off the runway." Sun Haiping said firmly. Over the years, many athletes have been sprinting hard on the runway again and again, competing with cinders and plastic particles, but in fact, the sprinting of China people has not made much progress. "I am an obvious example myself." Sun Haiping smiled distressfully. "At that time, I had to practice four classes a day. The coach told me to run 10 times, 100 meters, and I could run down 100 times or even 200 times. But this kind of training is completely mechanical and passive, not active, which can give full play to and mobilize my best ability. Just like Chaplin's assembly line worker in the movie Modern Times, he always repeats the same action mechanically and numbly, and has no quality at all. "

"Sometimes, some athletes can't practice running because of injuries, and the coach is in a hurry, so I said to them,' It doesn't matter, as long as you practice those others well, you can still run fast with spikes on.' Sun Haiping's "other things" is actually a special ability, in layman's terms, physical fitness. "Speed is just a result. A big factor depends on how you train and how your special speed and strength are trained. "

When training in Liu Xiang, Sun Haiping was not only a bystander, but also a commander. People often see Sun Haiping pushing or lifting or pulling or pressing Liu Xiang's body. After several movements, both the master and the apprentice were exhausted and panting. "Often an action, you put some pressure on it and ask it to rebound quickly, which is of great help to improve the pace frequency and action range of our running project. At the last moment of Liu Xiang's simulated hurdles, I added a little proper resistance to my hands, and the passive muscles in the process of Liu Xiang's muscle contraction would be transformed into the main power to resist my resistance, so that the muscles would be trained elastically. Liu Xiang's movements are great, and he can recover quickly, improving the pace frequency and refining the speed. " Therefore, Sun Haiping needs help from his side. Sheng Yueming and the newly appointed Cao Jing are both assistant coaches in the hurdling group of Shanghai track and field team. With the maturity of Liu Xiang, his strength is also good. His resistance is not the same as when he first joined the team. My strength is only enough to pull a Liu Xiang's body. As for the daily training of other small players, it depends on the assistance of his assistants.

Leaving the runway can also create amazing speed, which was originally a theory in Sun Haiping's mind, but the reality gave him a chance to prove it. Liu Xiang stopped running for 70 days at the beginning of this year because of an ankle injury. In these 70 days, Sun Haiping took his time, quietly adjusted his plan, and took the opportunity to comprehensively spread special quality training and continuously strengthen it. I practiced until Liu Xiang's body was firmly in a circle, so strong that I couldn't hold back and wanted to rush out and compete with others. If you don't get on the runway for 70 days, the result may even be the arrival of a new world record, so you should recall what I said: speed is not as simple as running on the runway.

Strength training drives technological revolution.

Sports training always requires hard work. The harder you work, the nobler your sportsmanship will be. However, in today's Sun Haiping's view, this pursuit is not only blind, but sometimes even fails to achieve the expected results.

"When I was an athlete, I was famous for my hard work in training." Speaking of his days as an athlete, Lao Sun smiled shyly. "I usually practice three or four classes a day and more than 20 classes a week. Sometimes it's not enough. I'll practice when others have a rest on Sunday. At the worst time of training, I strained my right thigh muscle and even pulled down my periosteum, resulting in a fatigue fracture of my left ankle. However, even if you work so hard, your grades will not go up, and instead of rising, the more you practice, the worse you get. "

Because he took this detour himself, Sun Haiping, who became a coach, also realized the adverse effect of blind hard training. After Liu Xiang's success, many coaches came to Sun Haiping for advice, and sports teams from different events and even non-track and field events flocked to. At the request of too many people, Sun Haiping is also willing to summarize and share with others. He said that the reason is very simple, and all training methods are inseparable from two words: special.

"We are practicing sprint, not middle and long distance running. Running laps on the runway all day runs counter to the requirements of short-distance events. " After years of research, Sun Haiping found that human muscles will move towards two different types under different intensity training. Generally speaking, human muscles are divided into fast muscles and slow muscles, that is, white muscles and red muscles in medicine. But in addition, there is a subtype of muscle, which is a kind of muscle between the two. This part of the muscle has certain plasticity, which lies in how to train. If you use fast strength training, it will be transformed into fast muscles; On the contrary, if you do some low-load or endurance training, it will slowly tilt towards the slow muscle. "Being tired all day like I used to, not only can't train the fast muscles we need for short-distance events, but it will also have a great negative effect on training, because you not only have to train the original fast muscles, but also spend a lot of effort to train the muscles that have been turned into slow muscles back, otherwise these muscles will become resistance." Based on this understanding, Sun Haiping paid more attention to quality and intensity when arranging Liu Xiang's training. Therefore, Liu Xiang's training will be shorter than that of ordinary athletes, and the training time will be much shorter.

It can be said that every muscle in Liu Xiang's body is now serving the 1 10 meter hurdles, but before Sun Haiping discovered the subtle relationship between the nervous system and muscles, Liu Xiang's body had not reached this level of coordination. "I used to see foreign athletes feel that they are all strong. We feel that our athletes' strength level is too poor, so we try our best to strengthen strength training. But I used to only know how to practice lower limbs, thinking that running is to practice legs. As a result, all our sprinters can only' sit and run' and exert their strength with their lower bodies. Later, it was slowly discovered that the waist and hip position of the semi-tangent point of the human body is the most important source of power to drive the human body during running. "

However, sports training is not as simple as people think. Although it is found that hips are the best engine for sprinting, only one part of the body is practiced, and the result is even more bizarre. "Once, Liu Xiang's waist and hip strength was too strong and other parts were weak. As a result, he had to rely on the large swing of his arm to coordinate the balance of his body when crossing the fence. That kind of action is not only ugly, but also wastes a lot of effort, which has a great impact on speed. " In order to correct Liu Xiang's posture, Sun Haiping made great efforts to adjust strength training, and took this opportunity to discover a brand-new concept in sports training: multi-factor training method. "A few years ago, Chen's training focused on hip strength, but every muscle was practiced separately, and every muscle was practiced separately. When the muscles of the whole body are solid, it takes time to coordinate and exert strength, which consumes a lot of time. Moreover, in single factor training, strength is strength, and speed is speed. The final result is that the excitement of the cerebral cortex is single and local, and there is no connection. Now, I propose a concept called' efficient comprehensive training' or' multi-factor training method'. That is to say, a simple exercise can not only exercise strength, but also speed, and the training stimulus is not concentrated on a single point, but forms a group or an exciting area in the cerebral cortex, which not only improves the training efficiency, but also avoids excessive fatigue. Athletes who used to compete only by single factor, once in a bad state, their performance plummeted immediately. However,' multi-factors' can be compensated by other good conditions, so that athletes can always compete or train in a more exciting state. " Now, Liu Xiang's hurdling skills are not only world-class, but also the coordination of technical movements is praised by the audience in today's hurdling competition. "In the past, it took Liu Xiang about 0.36 seconds to cross a hurdle. Now his physical strength is balanced. After the technical action is improved, it is shortened to only 0.33 seconds, and the ten columns can be 0.3 seconds, which is amazing in short-span projects! " And this is the effect of the coordinated efforts of the nervous system and muscles.

From the point of view of sports physiology, coach Sun thinks that this training idea is a training method that follows the laws of human body and makes a fuss about "nervous system". "Nervous system training method" not only brought a revolution to domestic short-span technology, but also shortened the training cycle of athletes. "The' excessive recovery' that has been praised before is a relatively risky training method to improve performance." When Sun Haiping talked about excitement, he stretched out his finger and drew a figure on the wooden bench with his nails. "This method requires athletes to enter a state of severe fatigue after high-intensity training, and then spend a lot of time adjusting, so that when their physical state returns to a climax, they will be better than before, just like bottoming out." However, this method has also encountered athletes' excessive fatigue and improper adjustment before, and it has never recovered. And if you want to reach another peak, the adjustment time is often longer than the training time. "This is a waste of time!" Sun Haiping said, "I want to save time and improve efficiency now, so we have improved' excessive recovery' and adopted a training method called' deliberate stimulation'." The basic principles of the two training methods are the same, but the fatigue and adjustment are controlled within a range. If the starting line is 10, the climax of' excessive recovery' is 15, and the low tide is 5, then' deliberate stimulation' may be as high as 12, 13 and as low as 7 or 8, so the recovery and adjustment after fatigue will not take a long time, and there is no need to take risks.

"I said in my reply to the professor that Liu Xiang's training is about efficiency. Although the time is short, the intensity is high, so high-performance training is the key to his rapid success. "

There is still the final processing left in the Olympic Games.

"Now Liu Xiang's' building' steel structure has been set up and concrete has been poured. Before the Olympics, we only need to' decorate' it and it can be delivered. " Sun Haiping is joking easily. At the moment, he and Liu Xiang should be completely relaxed and comfortable. There is only one gold medal left in the Asian Games, and the whole season will come to a successful conclusion this year. All kinds of worries about injuries at the beginning of the year have now been replaced by the joy of setting a new world record. In Sun Haiping's view, the last Asian Games was not as strong as domestic competitions, and the gold medal has been booked by Liu Xiang.

However, due to the ups and downs of this year, whether Liu Xiang will be in such a good state at the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games has become the hottest topic. "It is a bit excessive to ask Liu Xiang to break the world record in the Olympic Games, but don't think that even if Liu Xiang breaks the world record this year, he still has a lot of potential to tap and there is still a lot of room for improvement."

This summer, after breaking the world record in Liu Xiang, Sun Haiping said: "The platform of Liu Xiang has risen from 13 seconds in Athens Olympic Games to 13 seconds." Now, for Lao Sun, it is his current task to keep the level of 13 seconds and seek a breakthrough on this new platform. "In fact, I still have a lot of training methods that are not fully used." Sun Haiping's words are reserved. "Many new training methods have not been tested on Liu Xiang, and the results are mixed. But it should be helpful in theory, and it takes time to find coordination and balance in practice. " I made an analogy. Liu Xiang can easily lift the weight of 180 kg when doing squat exercises in strength training. From the coach's point of view, Liu Xiang's ability is not limited to this, but Sun Haiping knows that his apprentice has the ability to carry 190 to 200 Jin, but in order to protect Liu Xiang from injury, I never let him hit the limit of his body. "If strength training is mentioned when preparing for the Olympic Games, let him rush to190,200 Jin, then Liu Xiang's ultimate strength can go up again. This piece is an undiscovered treasure. "

Because he stopped running for 70 days due to injury, Liu Xiang raised his special quality to an unprecedented height. In contrast, he spends much less time on special training. "Special training is also a potential space," Sun Haiping explained. "Now Liu Xiang's training level is like having a hand to lift. It's a little difficult to lift with special qualities. At this time, if there is another hand holding him below and both hands are hard, the speed of lifting will be very different. " Sun Haiping believes that special training is a hand that only needs to be raised from below. "From next year, I plan to strengthen his special training. Now it's only once or twice a week, and I'll increase it to twice next year. In this way, the special quality and special training are combined to keep pace. In fact, the law of our training also follows the law of the development of things, which is a spiraling process. At the same time, with the growth of Liu Xiang, he will be 25 or 6 years old by the year of the Olympic Games. The gradual growth of physical strength and the gradual improvement of physical fitness will enable him to reach a peak of competitive level. "

"At that time, Liu Xiang will be a brand-new tall building!" Sun Haiping smiled again. Although this kind middle-aged man often wears something on his face, he always has enough confidence in his sports training career to stretch his brow.

Each pair of shoes tells the story of its owner.

Before the reporter went to Nike's headquarters in Beaverton, Oregon on June 65438+1October 3 1 day to directly attack the whole process of Nike's design of running shoes for Liu Xiang, this year's ninth issue of National Geographic magazine just published a special article on "Why every pair of shoes tells a story". Chris Johns, editor-in-chief of National Geographic magazine, deeply recalled his feelings when he witnessed Nike's first signing athlete, steve prefontaine, sprinting for historic photos. "I seem to hear the audience shouting,' prey, prey!' "John's feelings for Prevontein are so deep. On the one hand, Prefontaine sprinted in an instant, creating a national record of three-mile running in the United States. On the one hand, he is 0/60 kilometers away from Prevontein's hometown/kloc. Thirdly, when Prefontaine died in 1975, he was only 24 years old because of a car accident during training. ...

The opening text of a special article in National Geographic reads, "Each pair of shoes tells the protagonist's life, gender, nationality, race, religion, occupation and politics." Nike designed running shoes for Liu Xiang, the flag-bearer of China track and field events, telling his own story.

Nike started with the production of running shoes, and its founder phil knight was an excellent middle-distance runner when he was young, so Nike has special feelings for track and field athletes. As early as 2002, Nike saw his potential and signed with him. The first step for Nike to cooperate with Liu Xiang is to provide him with the latest Nike running shoes samples, which will be gradually improved during the use in Liu Xiang until the personalized design is completed. From 2002 to now, Liu Xiang's running shoes have gone through six versions, and the sixth one is the brand-new running shoes that Liu Xiang will show at the Doha Asian Games.

Look from the style, all running shoes are very similar, nothing more than streamlined design, which looks like a sports car, but the real connotation is only clear to the athletes themselves.

Bill Ballman is Nike's first sneaker designer and one of its two founders. He is a track and field coach at the University of Oregon, and he spends all his time helping athletes surpass themselves. One of the main contents is to design running shoes. In order to find the glue and solvent for running shoes, Ballman stayed in the laboratory for a long time, and the students could always smell the tar on Ballman.

Nike's current sneaker design process is no longer a slash-and-burn stage. The first step for Nike to serve contracted athletes is to invite athletes to the laboratory of Nike headquarters. A camera with eight sub-lenses and ten dynamic sensors will detect all the data of athletes' feet, including the length and width of left and right feet, the width of toes, the height of arch, the angle between big toe and little toe, etc. , so as to realize the preparation of measuring feet for shoemaking. At the end of May every year, the Eugene Track and Field Classic is held in Oregon, which is the time for Nike signed athletes to enter the Nike laboratory. This year's Eugene Classic was held on May 28th. After winning the championship with13second 2 1, Liu Xiang spent a day in Nike's lab on May 29th, completing the task of testing the latest running shoes.

As the director of Nike brand innovation department, Michael Donaghu is also the chief commander who is mainly responsible for the research and development of Nike footwear products for the 2008 Olympic Games. Tang Zhong himself is an athlete. During his college years at Dartmouth College, he was selected as the best team of middle and long distance running in the NCAA Ivy League twice. After joining Nike, he developed a number of American patented technologies. Nike also has many athletes with a higher level than Tang Zhong, such as alberto Sa lazare, an American long-distance runner in the 1980s, who was in charge of marketing at Nike after retiring. So it is not surprising that Nike's internal sports meeting has many achievements close to the world record.

After mastering the basic data of Liu Xiang's foot shape, the research team led by Donahue Tang Zhong will carefully analyze the video of the Liu Xiang competition and analyze every technical feature of Liu Xiang. The biggest feature of Liu Xiang's running shoes is that Liu Xiang's running shoes are lighter and harder than similar running shoes, and the position of spikes is also tailored according to the landing habits of Liu Xiang's hurdles and the placement of soles. Under the hardest shoe board, Nike only arranged 10 spikes for Liu Xiang running shoes, which effectively reduced the resistance, while Liu Xiang's competitor Alan Johnson had more spikes than Liu Xiang. In the choice of uppers, Liu Xiang's running shoes always use artificial leather. Considering the dry and hot weather in Doha during the Asian Games, Nike arranged fiber mesh for Liu Xiang's running shoes, which increased the air permeability. The key design of sole, shoe board and vamp is completed, and the rest is the personalized treatment of running shoes. Liu Xiang likes to put tape on the vamp. On the one hand, it helps to fix the instep. On the other hand, it is a sign that Liu Xiang is psychologically prepared before the game: "Fasten the tape, I am ready!" During the design of running shoes in Liu Xiang, the position of adhesive tape changed the most times, for the comfort of Liu Xiang. In addition, due to Liu Xiang's achilles tendon injury, the soles of Liu Xiang's running shoes were specially treated.

Liu Xiang running shoes appearing in the Doha Asian Games will be dominated by red, and their front feet will be shiny silver. On the uppers, Liu Xiang running shoes will also display the map of China, the Great Wall and the special emblem of Liu Xiang, thus telling the complete story of Liu Xiang.

Of course, every part of Liu Xiang's running shoes must be approved by Liu Xiang himself. In order to complete the design of Liu Xiang running shoes, Nike specially appointed a project coordinator in the Shanghai headquarters of Nike China Company to listen to Liu Xiang's opinions at any time. Nike's philosophy is, "Help Liu Xiang win with the best equipment."

Donahue is tight-lipped about the research and development expenses of Liu Xiang running shoes. However, in 1994, the book JUST DO IT, written by Donald Katz, a famous American journalist, revealed that the total expenditure on product development and testing of Nike in 12 weeks was $22.6 million, equivalent to Nike's R&D expenditure of $2 million per week. Now time flies 12 years, and market competition will greatly increase Nike's R&D expenses.

Prefontaine has a famous saying, "Many people are running to see who runs fastest, while I am running to see who is ambitious. When people ask me why I choose to run, I usually say so. " This famous saying is also appropriate for Liu Xiang, because Doha is the next place for Liu Xiang to show its great ambitions. This famous saying also applies to Nike. As for what kind of ambition, everyone knows.

Respondents: Dawn Boat 4- Magic Apprentice Level 110-1817: 58.

Today, Liu Xiang, the Olympic champion of 1 10 meter hurdles, has long been famous all over the world. Someone asked, is his success because he is a genius of this project? According to the research and analysis of relevant experts, this point cannot be completely ruled out. Any excellent sports performance is related to the innate quality of athletes. Without this basic point, hard training the day after tomorrow alone will not succeed.

Liu Xiang has a good internal quality, so he can't find it himself. He needs Bole to fall in love at first sight. But in China and Shanghai, there are not many experts who can have an eye for Liu Xiang. One of the most important is now his master Sun Haiping.

The level of commerce in Sun Haiping is beyond description. Otherwise, why do so many top students want to learn from him and worship him as a teacher? But he didn't accept all of them as disciples. The reason is that he doesn't have more time and energy, and then he can carefully cultivate a talented athlete. Once you make a promise, you should be responsible for your future to the end.

Today's sports competition in the world is not only the talent competition of athletes, but also the high-quality competition between high-tech and coaches who master high-tech. The reason why Shanghai can cultivate world-class athletes like Liu Xiang and Yao Ming is really closely related to Shanghai's cultural environment. Sun Haiping is first-class not only in business, but also in character. His requirements for athletes begin with being a man. It can be said that what he likes about Liu Xiang is not only his talent, but also the good qualities of this young man, which is a good material worth cultivating. Sure enough, after his meticulous work, Liu Xiang finally turned into a flawless "jade".

Liu Xiang called Sun Haiping a master, and their father-son friendship has always been a much-told story in sports. I think this harmonious relationship is the main "secret" of Liu Xiang's success. If you don't believe me, please look at the relationship between another pair of athletes and coaches. That's really chilling!

Not long ago, China female track and field athlete Sun Yingjie sued her coach Wang Dexian for corporal punishment. It is said that this phenomenon of beating and cursing is still very common in the current sports world. Experts pointed out that this is related to the weak cultural foundation of most coaches and the lack of legal concepts. What they are pursuing is the practice of "filial son under the stick, talent under the fist", which is incompatible with people-oriented and humanized education in modern society. If you can't say anything good, don't take chances if you don't kill people. In the case of Sun Yingjie's clavicle fracture, what can we expect from such an inhuman coach? We can't help asking, what kind of responsibility should the person in charge of the relevant party bear?

While writing this article, I got another touching story about Liu Xiang and his master Sun Haiping. It is said that Liu Xiang tried several times to pay for Master's house at his own expense, but was refused several times. Later, after winning the Olympic Games in Athens, Liu Xiang, Putuo District gave him a house in Mingyuan. Once, at a celebration to break the world record for him, the owners of this famous garden were very concerned about the housing problem in Sun Haiping. Knowing that the house was not big, they offered to help solve it. To this end, Liu Xiang expressed his willingness to be a free spokesman for the real estate to show his goodwill to the bosses. Therefore, such an opportunity to kill two birds with one stone made Master Sun Haiping accept a kind of gratitude from his disciples. He said, I am really happy that Liu Xiang did this, not because of the house, but because I think the apprentice I brought out is quite sensible, and I am very proud of myself. And Liu Xiang said, don't say gratitude, but at least respect your teacher. He also made the whole story public and considered himself a public figure.

It is said that this matter was reported to the Tian Guan Center in charge of commercial development in Liu Xiang according to relevant procedures. After learning that it was a good thing, Tiangong Center was generous and agreed immediately.

The emergence of world champions needs the care and support from all sides. So far, we haven't heard any rumors about Liu Xiang. Everyone cares about him and loves him, which is also his rare secret of success.