1. Confucius said: "Quality is better than literature, and literature is better than quality. Gentle, then a gentleman. " -"Yong Ye"
Interpretation Confucius said: "If a person's simplicity exceeds his literary talent, it will be a bit rude; If literary talent exceeds his simplicity, it is a bit flashy. Only a well-balanced combination of literary talent and simplicity can be called a refined gentleman. "
2. Confucius said, "A gentleman is considerate, but a villain is not considerate." -
Interpretation of
Confucius said: "A gentleman unites people without collusion, and a villain only engages in collusion without uniting people."
3. Confucius said, "People don't believe, and they don't know what they can do. If there is no cart and no cart, how can it be done? "
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Interpretation of
Confucius said: "If a person doesn't talk about credibility, he doesn't know how he can stand in the world. This is like a big car and a small car without key parts that can't cover the animals. How can you drive and walk? "
4. Confucius said, "People are born straight, and those who fail are lucky to be spared." -"Yong Ye"
Interpretation Confucius said: "People can live in the world with a clear conscience because they are positive; People who are not worth it can live in the world, because they are lucky enough to avoid harm. "
5. Confucius said, "Aim at Tao, rely on kindness, rely on benevolence, and swim in art." -
Explanation of Confucius: "Ambition lies in the Tao, relying on kindness and relying on benevolence, and learning to play in the six arts of etiquette, music, archery, driving, writing and arithmetic to cultivate the body and mind."
6. Confucius said, "Virtue is not alone, but there must be neighbors." -"Liren"
Interpretation Confucius said: "A moral person will not be alone, and there must be like-minded people to be his partners."
7. Confucius said, "The knower is not confused, the benevolent is not worried, and the brave is not afraid." -"Zi Han"
Interpretation Confucius said: "Wise people are not confused, benevolent people are not sad, and brave people are fearless."
8. Confucius said, "The knower enjoys water, while the benevolent enjoys Leshan. Those who know move, and those who are kind are quiet. Those who know are happy, and those who are benevolent are longevity. "
-"Yong Ye"
Interpretation Confucius said: "Smart people like water, and people with benevolence like mountains. Smart people are active, and people with benevolence are quiet. Smart people live happily, and people with benevolence tend to live longer. "
9. Confucius said, "See the sage Si Qi, but if you don't see the sage, you should reflect on yourself." -"Liren"
Interpretation Confucius said: "When you see a sage, you want to look up to him; When you see a person who is not virtuous, you should reflect on whether there is a problem like him. "
1. Confucius said, "A gentleman means justice, while a villain means profit." -"Liren"
Interpretation Confucius said: "A gentleman knows righteousness, and a villain knows profit."
Zhuangzi's classic saying
Great knowledge is idle, while small knowledge is idle; Big words are hot, small words are Zhan Zhan.
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The most intelligent person will always show an open-minded attitude; Small and talented people always haggle over trifles. The words that conform to the avenue are like a prairie fire, both beautiful and grand, which makes people convinced. Those clever remarks are trivial and nonsense.
if you are in the world, you might as well learn from it.
2
My life is limited, but so is my knowledge.
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The translation of Zhuangzi Health Master explains that human life is limited, but knowledge is infinite.
devote your limited life to unlimited learning.
three
and the husband's (1) water product is not thick, it is powerless to bear the big boat.
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Interpretation of Zhuangzi Xiaoyao Tour If the water is neither deep nor thick, then it has no power to load the ship.
From the relationship between the big boat and the water, we can at least get the following enlightenment: we must lay a solid and profound foundation in order to ask questions from universities and do great things.
four
phases are in the absence of phases and phases are in the absence of phases.
-Zhuangzi. The Great Master
Interpretations Make friends with each other without making friends, and do something for each other without doing anything.
it is unintentional to make friends and inaction to help others. This is the "best friend who never turns his back".
Five
Although I can't cure my illness, I wish I could take its place.
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Interpretation of Zhuangzi's Happy Journey Although the chef doesn't make sacrifices, the emcee who presides over the sacrifice will not go beyond several cases of arranging sacrifices and do it instead of the chef.
This means that even though I don't do my duty, the corpse doesn't have to act on his behalf beyond the scope of his functions and powers of offering sacrifices to God. It shows Zhuangzi's thought of governing by doing nothing, from which the idiom "meddling" comes.
six
if you have no thickness, you will have room for it.
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The translation of "Zhuangzi's Health-Keeping Master" has no gaps, so it is still generous and has room for operation.
It is the core of Zhuangzi's theory of keeping in good health that we should "depend on the natural principles" and "get in the room with no thickness". At the same time, it shows that we should know the laws of nature and act according to them. The idioms "I can't see the whole cow" and "I can handle it with ease" both come from here.
seven
put out the fire with fire and save the water with water, which is called more benefits.
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Zhuangzi's Life on Earth; using fire to put out the fire and using water to save the water will not only make things right, but will increase (Wei Jun's) mistakes.
Under the pretext of what Confucius taught Yan Hui, this paper expounds a way of dealing with the world. The idioms "put out the fire with fire" and "save the water with water" come out here.
Eight
Things are nothing more than that, and things are nothing more than that; You can't see yourself, but you know yourself. Therefore, it is said: He is out of right, and he is also out of right.
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The translation of Zhuangzi's Theory of All Things
Everything in the world has the opposite side and the opposite side. What you can't understand from the other side can be understood from this side. Therefore, for this reason, this is inseparable from him. That is, two opposing sides of things, no one can do without anyone.reveals the law of the unity of opposites in the development of things, which is a negation of metaphysics and absolutism. It was 24 years earlier than the German physicist Einstein founded the theory of relativity.
Nine
You don't know my husband Mantis? Angry at his arm as a rut, I don't know if he is incompetent, which is also the beauty of his talents.
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Translation of Zhuangzi's Human Life Don't you know that mantis? Dance up its two broadsword arms in an attempt to block the rolling wheels. It doesn't know that its own strength is simply incompetent, but it thinks that its own ability is very powerful.
The idiom "A gladiator's arm is a car" comes from this, which is used to describe overreaching.
Ten
The mountain wood is self-defeating, and the paste is self-fried. The cinnamon is edible, so it is cut; Paint can be used, so cut it. Everyone knows what is useful, but not what is useless.
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Interpretation of "Zhuangzi's Life on Earth" Trees growing on the mountain are cut down because of natural needs, and the resin is burned because it can illuminate, so the osmanthus trees can be eaten, so they are cut down; Paint can be used, so it is skinned. Everyone knows the useful use, but not the useless use.
what is useful and promising is harmful, and what is useless and inaction is bliss. This paper expounds the "useless use" that is often ignored, and contains simple dialectics.
Lao Tzu's famous saying
"Tao can be Tao, but it is extraordinary; Name can be named, unusual name "----means that what can be said is not eternal truth; The name that can be called out is not an eternal name. The truth of China people can only be understood but not expressed in words. This attitude is not conducive to the development of science.
"Knowing enough is not humiliating, knowing enough is not dangerous", "The greatest disaster is not being satisfied, and the greatest blame is getting what you want" —————————————— The development of modern science and technology comes from people's insatiable spirit of exploration and creation. If, like a small peasant society, you are satisfied with "three points of land, one cow, one wife and one child", and the enterprising spirit is gone, then
"happy ever after, you can't keep it; Rich and arrogant, self-blame. When you are successful, you will retire, and it is the way of heaven. "A good man hides deep in Ruo Xu, and a gentleman looks foolish when he is virtuous." In a society ruled by men, human rights and personal property rights are not protected, and disasters come unexpectedly. Therefore, the wise men advise the world to hide their talents and retire when they are successful.
"The husband is the only one who can't compete with him, so the world can't compete with him"-on the one hand, it shows the Chinese people's non-competitive psychology, on the other hand, it shows the Chinese people's cunning strategy without fighting for small profits.
"The mysterious is the mysterious, the door to all wonders" ––––––––– China's knowledge is mostly "metaphysics", not science.
"Know the male and keep the female; Know its white, keep its black; Know its honor, keep its shame "----This sentence means: know the male side, but keep the female side; Know the glorious side, but be content with the dark side; Know the glory side, but I would rather keep the humiliation side. China people are too resourceful.
"a gentleman is thick, not thin; In fact, it is not in China. "--------The rule of society by man is doomed to complicated interpersonal relationships and profound knowledge of self-cultivation.
"I have three treasures, which I hold and protect. One is kindness, the other is frugality, and the third is that I dare not be the first in the world" ––––––––––––––––– It is understandable that people rule the society without any guarantee, and in order to protect themselves, they are not the first in the world; But in modern civilized society, China people should have the courage to be the first in the world.
"People who know me hope, then we are expensive, which means that a sage is given a brown jade" ————————————— What Lao Tzu means is that there are too few people who know me, and it is even harder to meet people who can imitate me. Therefore, saints are often dressed in coarse clothes, but with beautiful jade, and goods cannot be known. Indeed, few people can understand Laozi's idea of governing by doing nothing, especially the idea of governing by doing nothing, which is close to liberalism and market economy, is only the basis of the policy of resting with the people after the tyranny of rulers.
Mencius' famous saying
(1) If you don't follow the rules, you can't be Fiona Fang.
If you don't use compasses and rulers, you can't draw squares and circles correctly.
(2) the right, and then the weight; Degree, then know the length.
Only when the translation is weighed can the weight be known; Measure it, and you will know the length.
(3) people have something to do, and then they can do something.
Only when people do something can they do something.
(4) although there are things that are easy to live in the world, if they are violent for one day and cold for ten days, no one can live.
Even if there is a plant that grows most easily, nothing can grow again if it is dried for one day and frozen for ten days.
(5) if it is sharp, it will be slow.
People who advance too fast will retreat too quickly.
(6) the official of the mind thinks, and if he thinks, he gets it, but if he doesn't think, he can't.
The organ function of heart lies in thinking, which can only be obtained, but it cannot be obtained without thinking.
(7) Born in sorrow and died in happiness.
Sorrow and suffering are enough to make people live, and ease and happiness are enough to make people die.
(8) Only the benevolent should be in a high position. Being unkind and in a high position is to spread its evil to the public.
Only benevolent people with high morality should be in a dominant position. If the immoral person with low morality is in a dominant position, he will spread his sins to the masses.
(9) The son of heaven is heartless and does not protect the four seas; The princes are heartless and do not protect the country; Doctor Qing is heartless and does not protect the ancestral temple; Shu Ren was heartless, and he didn't protect his four bodies.
If the son of heaven can't be kind, he can't keep his world; If a vassal is not benevolent, he will lose his country; Qing and the doctor can't be kind, so they can't keep his ancestral temple; Ordinary people can't be kind, so they can't keep their bodies.
(1) The monarch is benevolent and invincible in the world.
If the monarch of a country loves benevolence, the whole world will have no rivals.