Moon

The moon is also called "the moon". Before the invention of the telescope, ancient people could only look up at the bright moon on a clear night. Seeing the bright and dark colors on the moon's surface and its strange shape, people made up beautiful myths such as Chang'e flying to the moon, Wu Gang cutting osmanthus, and Yu Ming pounding medicine. The ancient Greeks regarded the moon as the beautiful hunting goddess Artemis, and used the silver bow that the goddess never left when hunting as the astronomical symbol of the moon.

The moon basically has no water, so there is no weathering, oxidation, and water corrosion processes on the earth, and there is no sound transmission. There is a silent world everywhere. The moon itself does not emit light, the sky is always dark, and the sun and stars can appear at the same time.

There is almost no atmosphere on the moon, so the temperature difference between day and night on the moon is very large. During the day, in places where the sun shines vertically, the temperature is as high as 127°C; at night, the temperature can be as low as -183°C. Because there is no atmospheric barrier, the intensity of sunlight on the moon is about 1/3 stronger than that on the earth; the intensity of ultraviolet rays is also much stronger than that on the earth's surface. Because the moon has a small atmosphere, you will see many strange phenomena on the moon. For example, the sky on the moon is dark and black, and the sunlight is straight. The places where the sunlight shines are very bright; the places where the sunlight does not shine are very dark. That's why we see the moon's surface as bright and dark. Stars no longer appear to twinkle on the moon because there is no air to scatter light.

The lunar surface is full of exposed rocks and silhouettes of craters. The entire moon surface is covered with a layer of gravel and floating soil. The lunar surface as seen from Earth has bright areas and dark gray parts. It turns out that the bright parts are the mountains and highlands on the lunar surface, and the dark gray parts are the plains on the lunar surface.

The moon is smaller than the earth, with a diameter of 3476 kilometers, which is approximately 3/11 of the diameter of the earth. The moon's surface area is about 1/14 of the earth's surface area, slightly smaller than the area of ??Asia; its volume is 1/49 of the earth's. In other words, 49 moons can fit inside the earth. The mass of the moon is 1/81 of the earth; the average density of matter is 3.34 grams per cubic centimeter, which is only equivalent to 3/5 of the earth's density. The gravity on the moon is only 1/6 of the earth. In other words, something weighing 6 kilograms only weighs 1 kilogram on the moon. When a person walks on the moon, his body seems very relaxed, and he can jump up with a little effort. Astronauts think that walking on the moon, half jumping and half running, seems more enjoyable than walking on the earth.

The moon is the closest celestial body to the earth. It is the only natural satellite orbiting the earth. Its average distance from the earth is about 384,400 kilometers. The Moon's orbit around the Earth is a circular orbit, with an average distance of 363,300 kilometers from its perigee (when it is closest to the Earth) and an average distance of 405,500 kilometers from its apogee (when it is furthest from the Earth), a difference of 42,200 kilometers.

Like the Earth, the Moon is an oblate sphere with slightly flattened poles and a slightly bulged equator. Its average polar radius is 500 meters shorter than its equatorial radius, and the North and South Poles are also asymmetrical. The Arctic region is bulging and the Antarctic region is depressed by about 400 meters.

As the moon moves around the earth, it also moves around the sun with the earth. This means that after the moon moves around the earth once, the space position it returns to is no longer the original starting point. It can be seen that the moon also participates in the movement of multiple systems during its movement. The movement of the moon is the same as that of other celestial bodies. The moon is also in eternal motion. In addition to rising in the east and setting in the west, the moon also moves an average of more than 13° from west to east relative to the stars every day. Therefore, the moon rises every day about 50 minutes later than the previous day. The moon's rising in the east and setting in the west are a reflection of the earth's rotation; while its movement from west to east is the result of the moon's revolution around the earth. The moon's revolution around the earth is called a "sidereal month", which takes an average of 27 days, 7 hours, 43 minutes and 11 seconds. As the moon orbits the earth, it itself rotates. The moon's rotation period and revolution period are equal, that is, 1:1. The time it takes for the moon to orbit the earth is the period of its rotation.

The result of this peculiar rotation of the moon is that the same half of the moon always faces the earth, and you can never see what the back of the moon looks like from the earth. Only detectors can reveal the ancient history of the back of the moon. Mystery, this wish of mankind has been realized more than 30 years ago. Today's large astronomical telescopes can resolve objects about 50 meters (equivalent to a 14-story building) on ??the moon.

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The moon has many interesting names in ancient Chinese poetry: Yumen (if you want to climb the tower to see Yumen, who would put up a curtain to cover the silver tower - Xin Qiji); Night light (what virtue is night light, when death brings nourishment? - Qu Yuan); Su'e (Su'e is another name for the moon - "Young School Qionglin"); Ice Wheel (the jade hook determines who hangs it, the ice wheel has no direction - Lu You ); Moon (the moon is rolling with dew and the light is wet, and the Luan Pei meets the fragrant osmanthus street - Li He); Jade Toad (outside the mist of the cool night, the jade toad is in autumn - Fang Qian); Gui Po (Gui Po is coming) Where the light shines, the autumn green is soaked in cold water for a day - Su Shi); toad (Fujian sails away, the toad is lost and reunited - Jia Dao); Gu Tu (the sun bird has not come out of the valley, Gu Tu is half hiding - Li Bai); Chanjuan ( I hope that people will live long and travel thousands of miles to meet Chanjuan - Su Shi). In addition, the moon has many unique nicknames, such as jade bow, jade osmanthus, jade plate, jade hook, jade mirror, ice mirror, Guanghan palace, Chang'e, jade sheep, etc.

(Provided by the Information Center of the China Association for Science and Technology)

Prowler, Surveyor Detector

The United States, following the former Soviet Union, has launched 9 Rangers. and seven Surveyor lunar probes. The Prowler probe looks like a big dragonfly, 3 meters long, with solar panels on its wings spread 4.75 meters. The detection instrument is installed at the front and the TV camera is placed at the rear. The Surveyor probe had 3 legs, weighed a total of 1 ton, and was equipped with the most advanced detection equipment at the time. The first five Ranger probes made no achievements until Ranger 6, launched on January 30, 1964, landed in the Sea of ??Tranquility area on the lunar surface. However, due to a malfunction of the television camera, no photos could be taken. On July 28 of the same year, Ranger 7 was successfully launched and landed on the lunar sea of ??clouds, taking 4,308 close-up photos of the lunar surface. Subsequently, Ranger 8, launched on February 17, 1965, and Ranger 9, launched on March 24, both successfully landed on the moon and took back 7137 and 5814 close-up photos of the lunar surface respectively. The new Surveyor 1 probe was launched on May 30, 1966. After a 64-hour flight, it softly landed in the lunar Ocean Procellarum and sent back 11,150 lunar photos to the ground. Of the seven Surveyor probes launched by January 1, 1968, two had failed and five had succeeded. Later, the United States launched five more lunar orbiters to provide detection data for selecting landing sites for the Apollo manned moon landings. After this series of unmanned explorations, the true face of the moon was revealed.

Since the American "Apollo 11" spacecraft achieved the first manned landing on the moon on July 16, 1969. Based on the results of multiple field explorations of the moon and the analysis and research of rocks and soil brought back from the moon, humans have a better understanding of the appearance of the moon. Scientists believe that the rocks on the moon are older than those on the earth. The moon and the earth are almost made of the same chemical elements, but the composition is different. For example, lunar rocks contain higher amounts of calcium and aluminum than rocks on Earth. The moon has no magnetic field and its outer shell is relatively stable, with little change over the past 3 billion years. Although astronomers have long believed that the moon is petite and has a weak gravity (1/6 that of the Earth), and does not have the ability to bind the atmosphere. Under the high temperature on the sunny side, any gas molecules will easily reach the breakaway speed and escape. However, actual measurements on the moon have shown that the moon's surface is not an uninhabited country without any atmosphere. It is just that the atmosphere is too thin, with the surface atmospheric pressure being only 2X10" bar. Moreover, the composition of the atmosphere is relatively complex and changes with time and space. Usually the atmosphere at night is The ingredients are mainly composed of 40% argon, 40% neon and 20% helium. At sunrise, a very small amount of methane and ammonia will be added. In some areas, very small amounts of hydrogen, radon and sodium will also be found in the atmosphere. , polonium and potassium atoms, etc. American scientists recently claimed that there is ice on the moon, which may provide drinking water for people exploring the mysteries of the moon, and can also decompose ice into hydrogen and oxygen to provide fuel for rockets.

From field exploration, it was found that there are more than 300,000 craters on the moon, dotted around each other, and the largest crater has a diameter of nearly 300 kilometers and an altitude of more than 6,000 meters. Unfortunately, it is very spectacular. Since there is no water source on the moon, these mountains are bare, barren of grass, and very desolate. Obviously, if we want to make the desert-like lunar world a paradise suitable for biological survival, it will eventually become a vibrant place where all things exist and birds are singing and flowers are fragrant. A top priority is to solve the problem of water supply on the moon. Over the years, scientists have proposed various scenarios.

One solution is to excavate the extremely abundant iron oxide stored on the moon, smelt it in a solar melting furnace to release a large amount of oxygen, and combine it with the liquid hydrogen collected by the transport spacecraft from space to generate fuel for the moon. Water required for development. This plan of using local materials on the moon and space to synthesize water is feasible in principle, but it is not easy to implement this huge project, which involves a series of issues such as energy, extraction, transportation, and daily life. Need to be solved together.

The most attractive thing to humans is that the lunar soil contains a large amount of gaseous "helium-3", which is much less radioactive than the deuterium raw material currently used in nuclear power plants on Earth. of nuclear materials. "Helium-3" originally existed in large amounts in the high-energy particle flow (solar wind) ejected from the sun. On the moon, which has almost no atmosphere, the "solar wind" fell directly. Over time, it accumulated in the sand and rocks on the lunar surface. There are over 1 million tons of this material. If it can be mined in large quantities, it will not only provide the energy needed for the development of the moon, but also provide inexhaustible nuclear energy raw materials for the earth's nuclear fusion in the 21st century.

Both the day and night of the moon last for half a month. The temperature during the day is as high as 127°C, and the temperature at night is as low as minus 183°C. Such a hot and cold climate with drastic temperature changes is unique to the moon. Another important reason for the lack of human habitation and life. Russian scientists have conducted long-term research on how to use soil and rocks on the moon to make cement and other building materials, and then use these materials to build a living base that can adjust the room temperature and make it suitable for human habitation. One plan is that they analyze some measured data on the moon and believe that the moon is likely to be a hollow sphere. Based on this understanding, one day, it will be possible to build a passage on the surface of the moon, enter the "underground moon palace" deep in the moon's crust, and build an "underground city" suitable for human habitation there. In this way, tourists taking a spaceship to the moon can find a hotel for the night in this "underground city". Scientific and technological workers can use this underground city as a base to engage in lunar resource exploration, space product production, astronomical observation and other activities. Before the permanent base of the "Underground Moon Palace" is built, scientists suggest that some prefabricated molded components can be made on the earth to form a giant cylinder that rises automatically. After being assembled in advance, it is sent to the lunar surface by a space transport ship. As soon as the cylinder lands on the lunar surface, it will automatically split into two halves and open, and automatically form a multi-layered building to serve as a temporary residence for the "volunteers" who first landed on the moon. .

(Sina Technology)

The birth of the moon

How was the moon initially formed? This is a controversial issue in the scientific community. At present, it is roughly There are three theories.

"Captive" theory: Some scientists believe that the moon was originally a meteor. When it was flying endlessly in the universe, it accidentally entered the scope of the earth's gravity and was constrained by the earth's gravity, so it was accidentally included in the moon. the earth's orbit. However, in recent years, many people have cited celestial mechanics to oppose this statement.

"Split" theory: Scientists who hold this view believe that the moon was split from the earth surrounded by a hot rotating cloud, so the moon is the "child" of the earth. However, data brought back from the Apollo spacecraft several times show that the composition of the moon and the earth are very different.

"Collision" theory: This theory holds that about 4.5 billion years ago, a planet larger than Mars slammed into the early Earth at a speed of 4,000 kilometers per hour, with such force that The planet's iron core slams all the way into the center of our Earth. The result of the collision is a huge explosion, accompanied by high temperatures of more than 6,000 degrees Celsius. The earth was deformed by the impact of the explosion. Most of this huge celestial body that adopted a "suicidal act" merged with the earth. Only a part was ejected into outer space as hot steam together with other debris. Later, the steam cooled down and Solidified into dust, the dust mixed with other debris to form a nucleus, which later condensed into a clump, and our neighbor, the gray moon, was born.

Scientists are using new supercomputers to simulate this strange collision in the universe in order to verify the theory.

New theory on the origin of the moon

Where does the moon come from? This is a question that people are constantly exploring. In recent years, with the rapid development of planetary evolution theory and the widespread application of modern computer technology, a new theory of the origin of the moon has emerged, called the new capture theory.

Looking at the origin of the moon from the perspective of planetary evolution

In recent years, based on modern planetary evolution theory, scientists have used computers to calculate the effects on the sun, earth, and planets in the early stages of the formation of the solar system. After discovering the forces between the three elements of the moon, a new theory of the origin of the moon was derived. Scientists believe that the moon was captured by the earth within the gravitational range of the earth in the early days of the earth's formation; and this phenomenon was extremely common at that time. This new theory is the so-called new capture theory.

The new capture theory is different from the old capture theory in the past. The old theory only considered the origin of the moon from the gravity of the earth; while the new theory studies the origin of the moon from the entire solar system planet formation process. The new theory holds that the nine planets in the solar system and several satellites, including the moon, all originated from the original solar system nebula. The Protosolar Nebula is a thin disk-shaped nebula that formed around the primitive Sun 4.6 billion years ago. Nebulae contain solid particles. A large number of particles gradually gather on the equatorial plane of the nebula, forming a very thin layer of solid particles. As the density of the particles increases, their own gravity becomes stronger and stronger. To a certain extent, their stability is destroyed and they are crushed into particles with a radius of There are many small celestial bodies around 5 kilometers, namely asteroids. The entire solar system was originally composed of about one trillion asteroids. Countless asteroids revolve around the sun in the nebula gas, collide with each other, and gradually condense and grow to form planets of different sizes. Our earth is like this. It took about ten million years to grow to its current size.

Planets grow in nebula gas. When the Earth was young, it was surrounded by thick nebular gas called the primordial atmosphere. Because the solar activity was particularly intense at that time, the powerful solar wind gradually blew away the original atmosphere. Later, the original atmosphere surrounding the earth gradually became thinner and drifted away.

The moon also originated from the original solar system nebula, and its evolution process is roughly the same as that of the earth. The moon flew close to the earth's gravitational circle when the earth had just reached adulthood and the original atmosphere began to escape, and thus became a prisoner of the earth.

Four forces that capture the moon

After the moon enters the earth's gravitational circle, it is affected by many forces before it stays in the satellite orbit. There are four main forces that capture the moon, namely the gravity of the earth, the gravity of the sun, the tidal force and the resistance of the original atmosphere.

Generally speaking, the largest force experienced by small celestial bodies, including the moon, that fly into the Earth's gravitational circle is the Earth's gravity. However, there is only the gravity of the earth, and the orbit of the captured small body is not elliptical. After the gravity of the earth and the gravity of the sun, the orbit of the small celestial body has changed. Under the influence of the gravity of the earth and the sun, the orbits of small celestial bodies that enter the earth's gravitational circle are not entirely elliptical, and they will inevitably escape from the gravitational circle after flying for several weeks, making it impossible to stay in the satellite orbit.

However, the moon did not escape from the earth's gravitational circle. This is due to the resistance of the original atmosphere. The original atmospheric resistance within the earth's gravitational circle exerts a sharp braking effect on the flying moon, causing the moon to lose part of its energy and its orbital radius becomes smaller, making it unable to escape.

In this case, the orbital radius of the moon is getting smaller and smaller due to the effect of atmospheric resistance. Wouldn’t it be true that sooner or later the moon will fall to the earth and collide with the earth? Don’t worry, when the moon flies into the earth’s gravitational circle At that time, the original atmosphere had begun to gradually disperse, and the atmospheric resistance on the moon became smaller and smaller. After the original atmosphere disappeared, the resistance on the moon also disappeared, so the orbit radius did not become smaller and it did not collide with the earth.

After the atmospheric resistance disappears, there are still tidal forces at work. Under the influence of tidal forces, the moon's revolution speed accelerates, the centrifugal force is strengthened, and the orbit moves outward. It is known from observations that the current radius of the moon's orbit is actually increasing by about 3 centimeters every year.

Under the action of the above four forces, the moon neither fell to the earth nor ran outside the gravitational circle after being captured. It always moved in the satellite orbit and accompanied the earth for a long time.

Capture is a common phenomenon

Planet capture of small celestial bodies is a common phenomenon in the process of planetary evolution. This is not only the case for the Earth, but also for other planets in the solar system. Many planets have their own satellites, which is the best explanation.

During the formation of the Earth, many small celestial bodies flew into the gravitational circle. Some of the small celestial bodies collided directly with the Earth. While most of the remaining small celestial bodies were flying around the Earth, the orbital radius became smaller due to the strong resistance of the original atmosphere, and finally finally Falling onto the primitive earth. The earth has grown up by constantly "swallowing" these flying small celestial bodies.

The moon was captured later than other small celestial bodies. The moon was captured at the end of the earth's condensation period and the early stage of the escape of the original atmosphere. During the first 10 to 100 years of its capture, the moon's orbital radius, like other small celestial bodies, was also shrinking. However, after the original atmosphere disappeared, the moon's orbital radius changed. The moon's subsequent centrifugal tendency allowed it to survive and avoid being "suffered by the earth" Swallow it”. French scientist F. Miguna once calculated the trend of orbital changes after the moon was captured. The calculation results are shown in the attached figure. It can be seen from the attached figure that the newly captured moon is relatively close to the earth. After 10 million years, the orbital radius of the moon will be 20 times the radius of the earth. After 100 million years, it will be 35 times the radius of the earth. After 4.6 billion years, it will reach 60 times, that is, Current location.

Since capturing the moon, the Earth has almost never captured other small celestial bodies. Because the moon is already flying around the earth, if another small celestial body flies in, according to the principles of celestial mechanics, it will not be in a stable state. It will either fall to the earth, fly out, or fall on the moon. Therefore, the earth has only one satellite, the moon, to accompany it.

The phenomenon of capture is common to all planets in the solar system, with the exception of Venus. Venus's rotation speed is very slow, and it takes about 250 days to rotate once. It is impossible to capture planets, so it still roams alone in the sky.

The new capture theory clarifies the origin of the moon and its capture process from the overall perspective of planetary evolution. It is currently the most authoritative theory to explain the origin of the moon. But this new theory still has some issues that have yet to be studied. For example, can satellites be captured without original atmospheric resistance? What is the difference between the capture of prograde satellites and retrograde satellites? etc. After repeated research by scientists, mankind will surely have a correct and comprehensive understanding of the origin of the earth.

(Provided by the Information Center of the China Association for Science and Technology)

The original planet collided with the earth to form the moon

It was announced in the "Nature" magazine on August 16 Scientists used computers to simulate the formation process of the moon. According to their model, the moon was created by a Mars-sized object impacting the Earth less than 100 million years after the birth of the sun 4.6 billion years ago.

Carnaper, the researcher of this model, described this thrilling process: A dark primitive planet less than one and a half times larger than the Earth encountered the Earth in its orbit, giving the Earth a side effect. The impact caused the Earth to spin on its axis, and the force of the impact ripped some material from the Earth's outer layers and the unnamed impactor, about half of which ended up forming the Moon. Other torn materials were heated to unimaginable levels, evaporated, expanded, and entered the surrounding space.

There are other theories about the formation of the moon. Some scientists believe the moon could have formed anywhere in the solar system and then been captured by Earth. Another theory is that the gravitational interaction of the Earth, Sun, and other forming planets tore the Earth apart, and the Moon formed from these torn-off pieces. But most researchers favor the impact theory.

(British "Nature" magazine)

Moon structure

Craters

Craters are the most significant landform features on the moon. The dotted and overlapping craters on the moon are similar to the craters on the earth. There is a round flat land in the center, surrounded by a ring of raised mountains, with steep inner walls and gentle outer slopes.

There is a deep pit in the middle of the crater, surrounded by towering upright rocks. The height of the crater is generally between 7 and 8 kilometers. Craters vary in size and diameter. Small craters have a diameter of less than 10 kilometers, and some are only as big as a football field; large craters have a diameter of more than 100 kilometers. The largest crater is Bailey Crater near the South Pole of the Moon, with a diameter of 295 kilometers, a little smaller than my country's Zhejiang Province;

On the lunar surface, there are more than 33,000 craters with a diameter greater than 1 kilometer, accounting for 10% of the moon's surface area; there are countless smaller craters worthy of the name.

The shapes of craters are also different. Some large craters have a small crater inside them, and some large craters have a deep pit in the center. For example, Newton Crater, the central pit is more than 8,000 meters deep. ; There are also large craters with a peak rising abruptly from the center, called the "Central Peak".

Many of the craters are famous scientists

Why does the moon wax and wane? As we all know, the moon itself does not emit light, but only reflects part of the sunlight that shines on it. In this way, for observers on the earth, as the relative positions of the sun, moon, and earth change, the moon changes on different dates. Showing different shapes, this is the cyclical change of the moon phases. Furthermore, although half of the spherical surface of the moon is always bright when it is illuminated by the sun, because the moon is constantly revolving around the earth and changing its position from time to time, the half of the spherical surface that is facing the earth is opposite to the half of the spherical surface that is illuminated by the sun. Sometimes the illuminated half spheres completely overlap, sometimes they do not overlap at all, sometimes a small part overlaps, and sometimes a large part overlaps, so that the moon shows the changes of cloudiness, sunshine, waxing and waning.

When the moon is between the sun and the earth, its dark hemisphere faces us, and we cannot see any image of the moon at all. This is "Suo", which in astronomy refers to the yellow phase of the moon. The same time as the solar longitude. On New Year's Day, the moon and the sun rise from the east at the same time. Even if the earth reflects the sun's light to the moon, and then the part of the light reflected back by the moon, it is completely submerged in the strong brilliance of the sun.

When the earth is between the moon and the sun, although the three planets are also in a line, at this time, the hemisphere of the moon illuminated by the sun is facing the earth, and the soft moonlight shines on the earth all night long. On the ground, this is the full moon, which is "looking". At this time, the ecliptic longitude of the moon and the ecliptic longitude of the sun differ by 180 degrees.

Because the distance between the moon and the earth is too short compared to the distance between the sun and the earth, on the celestial sphere, the moon moves eastward much faster than the sun. The moon advances a little more than 13 degrees from west to east every day. But the sun only advances 1 degree. Therefore, after the new moon, the moon quickly ran to the east of the sun. A day or two later, as soon as the sun set, a crescent moon could be seen in the western sky with its two sharp corners pointing east. After that, the moon rose later and later, and the moon gradually became fuller. About seven days after the first moon, the moon's ecliptic longitude is just 90 degrees beyond the sun. The moon we see is a semicircle with an arc facing west. This is the first quarter moon. After that, the moon continued to face the east, became fuller, and rose later, until Wangwang. From New Year's Eve to New Year's Eve, the moon's distance from the sun becomes larger and larger.

After looking over, the moon gradually moved closer to the sun, and the moon gradually became thinner. When the moon's celestial longitude exceeds the sun's celestial longitude by 270 degrees, it becomes a semicircle again, but the arc faces east. This is the waning moon. At this time, when the sun rises from the east, the moon is hanging high in the sky due south. Naturally, our naked eyes cannot see the moon at this time. After the last quarter, the moon does not emerge from the east until late at night, and half of its circle gradually erodes away, becoming a narrow sickle shape with the sharp corner facing the west. From the first day of the lunar month to the end of the lunar month, the moon and the sun are getting closer and closer, until they are once again the same as the sun's ecliptic longitude and disappear in the morning light.

The cycle of moon phase changes, that is, the time from new moon to new moon or from moon to new moon, is called synodic moon. Observation results show that the length of the synodic moon is not fixed. Sometimes it is as long as 29 days and 19 hours, and sometimes it is only 29 days and 6 hours. Its average length is 29 days, 12 hours, 44 minutes and 3 seconds.

The time interval between the moon and a certain star at the same time is called the "sidereal month". The sidereal month is the true period of the moon's movement around the earth. The synodic month is longer than the sidereal month, for the same reason that the solar day is longer than the sidereal day. The sidereal month has little to do with daily life, but the synodic month, because it is the cycle of the moon's waxing and waning, is related to the rising and falling tides of the earth, is closely related to navigation and fishing, and has a greater impact on people's nighttime activities. The moon phase also plays an important role in religion, so people naturally use the synodic moon as a longer unit of time than the day.

The Moon in the Poem

⒈The bright moonlight in front of the bed is suspected to be frost on the ground. Raise your head to look at the bright moon, lower your head to think about your hometown. (Li Bai: "Thoughts on a Quiet Night")

⒉The sky is wide and the trees are low, the river is clear and the moon is close to the people. (Meng Haoran: "Su Jiande River")

⒊The bright moon shines among the pines, and the clear spring rocks flow upstream. (Wang Wei: "Dwelling in the Mountains in Autumn")

⒋The wild geese fly high in the moonlight, and the Chanyu escapes at night.

(Lu Lun: "Song of the Past")

⒌ Raise your glass to invite the bright moon, and look at each other as three people. (Li Bai: "Drinking Alone under the Moon")

⒍When I was young and did not recognize the moon, I called it a white jade plate. (Li Bai: "Gu Lang Yue Xing")

⒎ People deep in the forest don't know that the bright moon comes to shine. (Wang Wei: "Zhuli Pavilion")

⒏People have joys and sorrows, and the moon waxes and wanes. (Su Shi: "Shui Tiao Ge Tou? When will the bright moon come?")

⒐The bright moon came to pass in the Qin Dynasty and the Han Dynasty, and the people who marched thousands of miles have not yet returned. (Wang Changling: "Out of the Fortress")

⒑The bright moon is full on the third and fifth days, and the toads and rabbits are missing on the fourth and fifth days. Toad Rabbit: Moon. ("Nineteen Ancient Poems? Meng Dong's Cold Weather Arrives")

⒒The bright moon shines on the high building, and the streamer is lingering. (Three Kingdoms Wei? Cao Zhi: "The Song of Resentment")

⒓The bright moon is undoubtedly not night, and the forest is sparse as if it is more autumn. (Liang Geng Jianwu of the Southern Dynasties: "Fenghe Spring Night Response")

⒔The bright moon is hidden in the tall trees, and the long river does not have the dawn sky. (Tang Dynasty? Chen Zi'ang: "Farewell to Friends on a Spring Night")

⒕The bright moon rises on the sea, and the end of the world is at this time. (Zhang Jiuling of the Tang Dynasty: "Looking at the Moon and Huaiyuan")

⒖The candle is extinguished and the light is full of pity, and the clothes are covered with dew. (Zhang Jiuling of the Tang Dynasty: "Looking at the Moon and Huaiyuan")

⒗The twinkling waves follow the waves for thousands of miles, but there is no moonlight on the spring river. (Zhang Ruoxu of the Tang Dynasty: "Moonlight Night on the Spring River")

⒘The river and the sky are the same color without dust, and there is a solitary moon in the bright sky. (Zhang Ruoxu, Tang Dynasty: "Spring River Flowers and Moonlight Night")

⒙When the moon comes out, birds startle the mountains, and they sing in the spring stream. (Wang Wei of the Tang Dynasty: "Birdsong Stream")

⒚The white clouds are thousands of miles away, and the bright moon flows in front of the stream and behind it. (Liu Changqing of the Tang Dynasty: "Tiaoxi Repays Liang Geng and See You After Farewell")

⒛The bright moon rises above the Tianshan Mountains, among the vast sea of ??clouds. (Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty: "Moon over the Mountain")

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⑴ Chang'an is a moon, and the sound of thousands of households pounding clothes is heard. (Tang Dynasty? Li Bai: "Four Midnight Wu Songs")

⑵ The moonlight intoxicates the distant visitors, and the mountain flowers are blooming. (Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty: "Send ice to Nanling in Wei, I will visit it on pleasure when I meet Yan Shangshu, and I will smile and receive this as a gift")

⑶ The white clouds are still scattering, who will the bright moon fall on. (Tang Dynasty? Li Bai: "Two Poems of Recalling Shandong")

⑷ People cannot reach the bright moon, but the moon travels with people. (Li Bai, Tang Dynasty: "Asking Wine to the Moon")

⑸ People today do not see the moon in ancient times, but today's moon once illuminated people in ancient times. (Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty: "Asking Wine to the Moon")

⑹斫(zhuó) But the moon is in the middle of the osmanthus, and the clear light should be more. (Du Fu of the Tang Dynasty: "One Hundred and Five Days and Nights to the Moon")

⑺The moon on the river is only a few feet away, and the wind lantern illuminates the night for the third watch. (Du Fu of the Tang Dynasty: "A Mantra")

⑻Spring goes and autumn comes and goes without waiting, and the moonlight in the water never changes. (Tang Cen Shen: "The Song of Fu Shui Sends Dou Jian to Beijing")

⑼The moonlight adds to the beauty of spring, and the reed wind is as quiet as the bamboo wind. (Jia Zhi of the Tang Dynasty: "Farewell Pei Jiu Di")

⑽ It's a pitiful night on the third day of September, the dew looks like pearls and the moon looks like a bow. (Tang Dynasty? Bai Juyi: "Ode to the Dusk River")

⑾The east boat and the west boat are silent, only the white moon in autumn can be seen in the middle of the river. (Tang Dynasty? Bai Juyi: "Pipa Xing")

⑿Songpai Mountain has thousands of greens on its surface, and a pearl in the center of the moon. (Tang Dynasty? Bai Juyi: "Spring Title on the Lake")

⒀ Ten thousand shadows are all due to the moon, and thousands of lives are all autumn. (Liu Fangping of the Tang Dynasty: "Autumn Night Boating")

⒁The moonlight is deeper than half of the house, and the Beidou is slanted in the south. (Liu Fangping of the Tang Dynasty: "Moonlight Night")

⒂Lying quietly in the middle of the night, hundreds of insects are gone, and the clear moon comes out of the ridge and the light enters the door. (Han Yu of the Tang Dynasty: "Mountain and Stone")

⒃The clear clouds are like catkins, and the new moon is like a grinding sickle. (Han Yu of the Tang Dynasty: "Late Mail to Dr. Zhou Lang, Assistant Professor of Zhang Shiba")

⒄The world is divided into three parts bright moonlit nights, and two parts is Yangzhou. (Tang Xu Ning: "Remembering Yangzhou")

⒅The moon melts in the pear blossom courtyard, and there is a gentle breeze in the catkins pond. (Song Dynasty? Yan Shu: "Medicine")

⒆The bright moon is sentimental and follows people everywhere. (Song Dynasty? Zhang Xian: "Bodhisattva Man")

⒇The clouds break through the moon and the flowers make shadows.

(Zhang Xian of the Song Dynasty: "The Fairy Sends Spring")

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①The bright moon clears the pine forest, and thousands of peaks are of the same color. (Song Dynasty? Ouyang Xiu: "Since the Bodhisattva Steps and Returns to Guanghua Temple")

② It is a pity that there is a bright moon in the stream, and there is no way to break Qiong Yao. (Su Shi of the Song Dynasty: "Moon over the Xijiang River")

③The moon rises above the east mountain, wandering between the bullfights. (Su Shi of the Song Dynasty: "Ode to the Former Red Cliff")

④ If this night is not going to be good in this life, where can I see the bright moon next year? (Su Shi of the Song Dynasty: "Mid-Autumn Moon")

⑤The bright moon scares the magpies on the other branches, and the breeze sings the cicadas in the middle of the night. (Song Dynasty? (Qing Dynasty? Yuan Mei: "Spring Poems")

⑦ One night, I dreamed of traveling thousands of miles to the moon, and the frost fell on the clocks of thousands of houses at the fifth watch. (Qing Dynasty? Pu Cong: "I heard that Liang Zangyu has settled in Beijing

Reference materials:

1. Starry sky astronomy website: /