1. Basic essentials: overall grasp, grasp key sentences and find answers in the text
2. Steps: (read the article twice)
First time: read the whole article and get a general understanding. First, read the full text roughly and get a general idea of the article; When reading, underline words and sentences that you think are important by feeling; [It can be a little faster]
The second time: review the meaning of the question and read back the original text. Look at the topic, determine the reading range of answering questions, and then find relevant paragraphs and sentences in combination with the test questions (Shunteng) to intercept key words; Find out or summarize the answer (picking melons). [Be slow and careful, and read back and check]
Finally, clear up the main points and answer the questions carefully. According to the requirements of answering questions, process and transform, and summarize and refine. (Use the key words in the original text as much as possible to answer the questions)
A detailed explanation of the three steps that should be divided into in solving the reading questions of modern Chinese:
The first step is to read through the whole article and get a general understanding.
for the first time, read the whole text roughly and get a general idea of the article, so as to have a good idea. So what do we need to know about the article?
1. Understand the general content of the article. Who are these people? what's up What scene? What is it? What topic? How do you write it? Why do you want to write like this? What do you think? 2. Understand the general structure and main ideas of the article. What are the basic elements of the narrative of the article (what are the people, things, time and place)? What is the author's emotional change? What are the materials? How is it arranged?
how did the article transition? Find out the clue, order, level, etc. of the article. 3. Understand the thoughts, feelings and themes of the article.
Note: The above objectives can be achieved in the following ways:
First, grasp the key words and expressions in the article. Key words and phrases in the article: title, opening sentence, ending sentence, independent paragraph sentence, central sentence, epigram, figurative sentence, continuous question, transitional sentence, lyric sentence, argument sentence, recurring words and phrases, key related words (such as the words at the beginning of the paragraph: not only … but also … because of this), etc., we should pay special attention to those that reflect the author's position and viewpoint and reflect the deep level of the article. Note that the main idea of the article is often hidden in these sentences. Some essays are quite obscure by means of expressing ambition and symbols, and we can also find clues from these words.
second, make clear the structure of the article.
it is easier to grasp the ideological content of the article from the structural form, that is to say, it is easier to understand the central idea of the article if the structural level is clarified. From this point of view, understanding the structure is the basis of narrative reading.
to understand the structure of narrative, we can do it from the following aspects.
( l) Find the clues of the article. The clue forms of narrative are: taking time and space transfer as the clue, taking one person, one event and one thing as the clue.
When reading an article, you should try to find out the clue of the article, so you can understand the paragraph hierarchy along it.
( 2) Make clear the order of the articles. The order of narration requires us to master three sequential methods: direct narration, flashback and interpolation.
chronological narration refers to writing in chronological order of occurrence, development and ending. Such as The Emperor's New Clothes. Flashback refers to writing what happened later in front and what happened first in the back. Interpolation: For example, when reading The Wood Carving of Antelope
, it will be helpful to find out the narrative clues and grasp the structure of the article by paying attention to the starting and ending points of flashback and interpolation.
( 3) clarify the level of the article. Clarifying the level of the article is an important part of clarifying the structure of the article.
( 4) Grasp the details of the article. When selecting and using materials, the article should have a master and a second time, and be detailed and sketchy.
Step 2: Review the meaning of the question and read back the original text.
after we have an overall grasp of the article, we will read the stem carefully, find out the problem points of each question, read back the original text, and match the stem with the article. What are the methods and steps to read back the original text?
1. Identify the relevant areas of the corresponding topic in the original text. See which paragraphs or areas are involved in the topic and which sentences are related to it. 2. Contact the context and grasp the key words. As long as you find the relevant areas in the original text and carefully try to figure out the context, you can accurately grasp the key words, and the answers to most questions can be found in the original text. 3, comprehensive analysis, picking melons along the vine. Combine the test questions (Shunteng) to find the relevant key paragraphs and sentences, deeply understand the article, analyze and synthesize, and summarize the answers (picking melons).
the third step is to clarify the main points and answer the questions carefully.
1. quote the original text. If the topic requires quoting the original answer, find the answer directly and write it carefully.
2. Grasp the corresponding key words. If you don't explicitly ask to quote the original answer, you can't copy the original sentences mechanically. Generally speaking, some key words and sentences involved in the answer are in the original text, so we should grasp these important words and phrases and extract, edit, summarize, reorganize and summarize them effectively.
3. Organize the language answers. Answer a few points according to the score first, and then answer. When answering questions, we should stick to the meaning of the questions, try to include the corresponding key words in the text, choose appropriate sentence patterns, choose appropriate angles to answer, that is, how to answer the questions, and rearrange the known information in the text according to the requirements of the stem of the questions to make the answers full, in place, accurate and organized. However, there are still some questions that cannot be answered by simply reorganizing the language of the article, so you need to organize your own understanding and express it in your own language.
4. There are some topics that appear in the form of multiple-choice questions, so we need to understand the rules of setting wrong options for such questions (such as taking them out of context, stealing concepts, unclear scope, making something out of nothing, imposing causality, and accidentally confusing them), and make a one-on-one comparison between the options and the relevant sentences in the original text to make an accurate judgment and choice.
second, the answer mode of modern reading questions
first, the summary questions:
(1) the summary of the content of the article: according to the basic elements of the narrative (behavior, experience) or the plot of the novel or the words and deeds of the characters or the emotional changes of the author, select materials and combine answers.
Example: ◆ Please summarize the main plot of the novel with the clues of Dani's speech and behavior development. (no more than 8 words) (5 points)
◆ Please summarize "my strange experience". (No more than 6 words)
The summarized operational ideas are as follows:
1. Summarize according to the central sentence. The concretization of the content of an article is usually manifested in narrative, discussion or explanation around a certain center. Therefore, if you grasp the central sentence, it will grasp the specific gist.
2. Summarize the main points and key words. In some articles, it is difficult to find the central sentence that prompts the specific content, so it is necessary to extract the relevant points.
3. Summarize by identifying the relevance. The specific content of any article is a whole composed of parts. Starting with the relationship between parts, that is, identifying the correlation between sentences or paragraphs, is an important way to summarize. For example, in Zhu Ziqing's Spring, there are 1 natural paragraphs, except ① ② natural paragraph is "longing for spring", ⑧ ⑨ ⑩ natural paragraph is "seeing off spring" and ③ to ⑦ natural paragraph is "painting spring". Why do you say that the natural section from ③ to ⑦ is "painting spring"? ③ Spring grass in the natural section, spring flowers in the natural section, spring breeze in the natural section, spring rain in the natural section and Spring Festival in the natural section. Taking it as a whole, we can easily find that the author describes spring from all sides, so we can summarize the contents of the natural paragraphs from 3 to 7 as "painting spring"
4. Summarize by taking the lead. Taking the lead is to grasp the beginning of specific content; Tailing is the end of connecting the specific content. By taking the lead and summarizing, the essence of its content surfaced. Please see paragraph 1 of Wei Wei's My Teacher. To sum up the content of this passage, we can connect the first sentence with the last sentence, and the gist of its content will be summarized. The essence of its content is: the loving, great and just teacher Cai occupied my heart at that time.
5 if you ask the general idea of a paragraph: find the central sentence and pay attention to the first sentence and the last sentence of the paragraph. (If there is no central sentence) Summary paragraph meaning:
This paragraph (generally or specifically) writes "Who-What". (or "what-how")
(2) Inducing the central meaning 1. The method of inducing the central meaning
(1) Grasping the topic. The title is the "eye" of the article, and the title of the article can always convey the theme of the article explicitly or implicitly.
(2) In Praise of Poplar, grasp the materials in the text and tell the readers the central meaning directly. For example,
(3) in One Side, the key sentences are usually lyrical and argumentative sentences that grasp the central meaning in the beginning and end paragraphs of the article. For example, "Who is the cutest person" and "Pear Blossom on the Post Road"
(4) summarize the central meaning through structural analysis. Connect the main ideas of all parts of the article, summarize them comprehensively, and then point out the thoughts, feelings and attitudes expressed by the author. For example, litchi honey
(5) starts from the background of the times, and all good articles are branded with the times, and the author's writing background is analyzed. For example, Kite
2. There is a set of commonly used formats in the center of summary narrative:
This paper narrates (describes) the story (deeds, process, events and scenery) of …, and shows (reflects, praises, exposes and criticizes) the thought (personality, spirit and essence) of ….
(3) Ask questions about the structure of the article
1. Ask the structure of the article and paragraph: pay attention to the total score formula (A total score, B total score, C total score); Step by step; Parallel type; Contrast.
2. Ask the clues of the article: Pay attention to the words that appear many times in the article.
3. Ask the order of the articles. (1) The order of narration requires us to master three sequential methods: direct narration, flashback and interpolation.
chronological narration refers to writing in chronological order of occurrence, development and ending. Such as The Emperor's New Clothes. Flashback refers to writing what happened later in front and what happened first in the back. Flashback method tells the end of the matter first, which attracts readers to be eager to understand the cause and process, and the contrast is more obvious and impressive. For example, in Zhu De's article (Remembering My Mother), the flashback method is adopted. Write out the results first, and then bow! Recalling my mother, the topic is very natural and attractive. Flashback method, suitable for those touching and characteristic endings, must be able to arouse readers' interest and follow the thinking of reading and writing. Interpolation: For example, when reading The Wood Carving of Antelope
, it will be helpful to find out the narrative clues and grasp the structure of the article by paying attention to the starting and ending points of flashback and interpolation.
(2) Explanatory order:
chronological order, spatial order, logical order (phenomenon-essence, cause-result, whole-part, generalization-concreteness, characteristics-use, subject-time, total-minute)
4 levels of the article. Generally, there are the following methods to analyze the structural level:
Articles focusing on writing things: 1. Analysis according to the time of occurrence and development of things; 2. Change analysis according to the place where things happen and develop; 3. Analyze according to the stages of development.
Articles focusing on writing people: 1. Analysis according to the growth stages of characters; 2. Analyze according to the different places where the characters are located; 3. According to the different conditions of different personality characteristics of the characters; 4. According to the change of characters' feelings.
Articles mainly about scenery: 1. Observing the changes of observation points of scenery according to people, that is, spatial change analysis; 2. According to the change of different scenery at different times, that is, time change analysis.
5 ask about the details of the article. When choosing and using materials, the narrative should have a master and a second time, and it should be detailed and slightly. Detailed writing refers to the handling of articles and materials. When we write an article, after the topic is determined, we should choose the composition materials around the central idea of the topic determination, and then deal with these materials in detail, so that they are in their proper places and make the best use of their materials. Whether the article is well written depends largely on the arrangement of material handling. Proper handling of materials means reasonable arrangement in structure, with heavy and light weight and detailed and slight length.
materials written in detail and fully used must be closely related to the central idea of the article, which can clearly and fully highlight the central idea. If these materials are written in detail, concrete and vivid, readers will be impressed by the article and impressed by it. When reading a narrative, we must find out what the article is written in detail and briefly, and understand the author's writing intention from it, so as to grasp the focus and center of the article.
2. Comprehension and taste of words and phrases
1. Pronunciation and explanation questions: The "accumulation and application" section generally examines the phonetic notation and interpretation of words, and the memorization of idioms and famous sayings and aphorisms. Such questions require more accumulation of words and bits of knowledge at ordinary times, and unfamiliar words that have never been seen can be analyzed in combination with context.
2. Ask what the demonstrative pronoun "this, that" refers to: find the answer from the words in front of the pronoun.
3. Ask whether a word can be deleted or change the problem-solving mode of another word:
A. Answer yes or no; Not in general, especially in the original text of the book.
B, explain the meaning of the word, compare the differences between the two words in meaning, and analyze why the word is used in combination with the sentence (emphasizing highlighting or limiting explains or modifying the concrete expression effect of the+sentence, which expression effect is better, which can vividly or appropriately express something)
C, what changes have taken place in the context after it is not used or exchanged (it cannot reflect the accuracy, rigor, vividness and image of the language). )
4. Taste words: A. Analyze what rhetorical devices are used, such as metaphor and personification. If not, don't write this.
B, superficial meaning (superficial meaning) and expressive effect (vividly written. . . . . . Features)
C, deep meaning (related to context, theme, author's intention, what are the reasons, thoughts, feelings, etc.) affirmed/praised/praised/praised or criticized/satirized/denied/refuted, or gave it to us. . . . . . . Impression, enlightenment, truth, etc.
5. Ask if the positions of key words and sentences in the text can be changed:
A, can you
B, Words: Explain the two words separately, Sentences: Briefly summarize the contents of these two paragraphs or parts
C, Words: Why do you arrange the order in this way (emphasize one of them or conform to the previous order or collocation habits, the internal order)
Sentences. If it is other styles, it is parallel or hierarchical or total score.)
Third, understand and taste sentence paragraphs. 1. Understand the functions of sentences and paragraphs: (Consider from three aspects)
First, structurally, it often plays the role of A connecting the preceding with the following, and B always leads the full text, opening the following or C summarizing the above;
secondly, from the writing technique, there are often some characteristics, such as A's opening topic, B's foreshadowing for the following article, C's foreshadowing, D's deepening center, E's pointing out the theme (the finishing touch) F, setting off G, rendering H's echo, taking care of I's comparison with J's symbol K, and L's predictive function.
Third, from the content (symbolic meaning and metaphor in language)