"Human nature is evil, and its goodness is false." Therefore, he said that people's nature is for themselves: "Hungry for food, cold for warmth, hard work for rest, good interests and evil harm are what people are born with, and those who have nothing to wait for are the same as Yu and Jie."
。 Han Fei simply said that everyone is selfish: "Everyone is self-interested", which is generally said: "The world is bustling and all are profitable; The world is bustling, all for profit. " During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there was a school that advocated for itself. In Lu Xun's words, its selfishness was the most thorough, and even the specific content of the theory was left to others, only the name "Yang Zhu" and the word "for me". Western scholars who advocate that "man is selfish" can be said to be everywhere, and Rousseau's theory of "social contract" is based on the theory of "man is selfish".
There is a famous saying in The Red Lantern: Every man for himself, the devil takes the hindmost. This is called * * * party member Li Yuhe, whose goal is to liberate all mankind. After listening to this, I only feel ridiculous, sad, hateful and shameful! Li Yuhe believes that Hatoyama can not understand the ideological realm of * * * producing party member, nor can he understand the spiritual integrity of * * * producing party member! In fact, Hatoyama's words were not his own invention. Japanese culture belongs to the Chinese cultural circle in history. In order to convince Li Yuhe, Hatoyama used the ancient truth of China as a spiritual weapon, thinking that he was invincible, but he met the golden bell of * * * that Li Yuhe had already practiced, and Hatoyama's nine yin bones and claws were helpless.
The West says that people are selfish, and it speaks incisively and vividly. Western market economics theory holds that people are selfish, and their ultimate expression is to pursue the maximization of self-interest. The selfish pursuit of material desires is no longer necessary; It is also obvious that the pursuit of fame and status, power and profit are selfish. And we regard it as selfless and dedicated spiritual behavior, and this theory also boils down to selfishness. They believe that Prometheus stole skyfire from mankind regardless of his death, in order to satisfy his own compassion; It is the need to realize religious aesthetic feelings that Sakyamuni gave his life to feed the tiger. People with lofty ideals give their lives for benevolence. "If I don't go to hell, who will go to hell" is to achieve the goal of self-fulfillment of personality. In a word, it's all about meeting your spiritual needs. Although this dedication is noble and admirable, in the final analysis, it is for oneself. Starting from this theory, Huang Jiguang blocked the loophole, but it was the spiritual sublimation of protecting his home and defending his country; Lei Feng helped others to repay the party for saving his life, and felt that only in this way could he feel at ease. As for "Dagong", there is no abstract meaning of "Gong" in the world, only the interests of specific groups, groups, strata and classes. Every "public" is nothing but an expanded "private". According to this theory, the proletariat liberates all mankind, and ultimately it is to "liberate itself". Even human beings are selfish. They want nature, all animals and plants to provide themselves with survival, enjoy space and material conditions and contribute to mankind. Even now, we are shouting about protecting the earth, protecting the natural environment and protecting species. Which ultimate goal is not for the benefit of human beings?
*** The producers object to the statement that "people are selfish", but they insist that although "people are selfish", it is not hateful, it reveals human nature and is an objective fact, and people only promote the progress of society from selfishness. Imagine how a person without any selfish desires can have the motivation to move forward. If human beings only protect the natural environment for the sake of protecting the natural environment and protect tigers for the sake of tigers, what's the point? Who will make inventions and develop science? Admitting that "people are selfish" does not mean that everyone is allowed to harm others in order to satisfy their own selfish desires, to exhaust their resources and fish, and to pay for the mountains. It is precisely because everyone is a "me" and a "private" that every "me" must get along with other "me" regularly, so that this "me" can survive and all "me" can live in harmony. If one "I" damages and denies other "I", this "I" will have no place to stand. The same is true of human beings. When other species are damaged and denied to a certain extent, human beings will inevitably suffer the consequences of being damaged and denied. Therefore, society must have legal rules, individual freedom must have certain limits, democracy is not boundless, and fraternity has scope. Of course, we should not damage the environment at will, plunder natural resources at will, and let other species have no place to stand. This theory tells us that no matter whether an individual or the whole human being is selfish, it cannot be unrestrained and extremely selfish.
*** the producers admit that their reasoning is reasonable. However, it is opposed to saying that the proletariat is also selfish and that the purpose of "liberating all mankind" is to "liberate itself".
*** the producers say,
the purpose of the proletarian revolution is to liberate all mankind, and at the same time, they are also liberated. The premise is for all mankind, not for yourself. Because the premise of their liberation is to liberate all mankind, they can be truly liberated with it, so the "public" of the proletariat is the "public" of all mankind. As for seizing power in the revolutionary process, fighting local tyrants and distributing fields, and upholding proletarian leadership, that is only a means, not an end. To describe the means as an end is either confused or ulterior motives-of course, others don't think so.
is human nature selfish? We think that human nature has natural attributes and social attributes. The so-called nature is a natural attribute, that is, "instinct", which does not matter whether it is selfish or not. If you want to continue your life when you are born, you must have the instinct to ingest the elements needed for life. Eating and drinking is instinct. All animals have this instinct, even microorganisms have this instinct. As for plants, there are also battles to seize living space and even strangle each other. If animals are selfish, they can be forced, so are unconscious microorganisms and plants selfish? Therefore, instinctive expression cannot be explained by selfishness, that is to say, it cannot be explained and measured by the concepts and standards formed by human beings in social relations. Instinct is a natural phenomenon in essence. Just like gravity, a celestial body with large mass captures a celestial body with small mass. Can it be said that celestial bodies are selfish? Therefore, selfishness is not human nature, nor is unselfishness human nature. What is human nature? It is a blank sheet of paper, a glass of water, without words or pictures, colorless and tasteless. Therefore, there is no selfishness in innate and naturally formed things and relationships.
Although the "evil" side and selfish side are the result of the day after tomorrow, does a person's acquired good and evil, public and private ideas have anything to do with innate things? I'm afraid there is some connection. For example, human genes determine that only people, whether white, black or yellow, can master all kinds of human languages through acquired learning and training, while chimpanzees and monkeys will not make human voices no matter how they are trained. This is not only a physiological genetic problem of the structure of the pronunciation organs, but also a more important genetic reason for the different structure of the language center. Now people already know that a person's temper and personality are related to heredity. Then, the formation of a person's desire concept may be related to his genes. For example, in the same social environment, some people are very possessive, while others are much more indifferent; Being a woman or a man, some people can't tolerate their wives or husbands contacting the opposite sex. It is obviously not completely convincing to completely put aside genetic factors and explain them only by acquired reasons. Therefore, a person's formation of a certain concept of good and evil, public and private should be the result of the initiation, influence and education of the acquired environment under a certain genetic condition. Therefore, a person's formation of a certain concept of good and evil, public and private, can not be said to have nothing to do with innate genetic factors, but can not put all the evil and selfish results on the innate, because the acquired social environment and education play another decisive role. Just as a towering tree can only grow from the seeds of the tree, it can't germinate and grow without the soil, water, sunshine and other conditions. This Lu Xun has already said.
Therefore, we can't say that a person is born evil and selfish. Without the acquired conditions, only one genetic condition can not form everything for a person.
There are more complicated cases of genetic existence: some are determined independently of acquired conditions, such as people who are born nearsighted, and people's appearance, size, life span, etc. Those who appear only after being induced by acquired conditions, such as those who are nearsighted with unsanitary eyes, must have myopia genes; There is also a certain stage of growth that will inevitably appear. If someone reaches a certain age, he will definitely be nearsighted regardless of eye hygiene; There are also some people who have a certain genetic gene, but lack the acquired inducing conditions and do not show it. For example, even if they have myopia genes, they will not become myopia. There is also a recessive gene, which appears in a certain kind of people, such as color blindness is limited to men. Moreover, some genetic genes atavism, such as atavism. Wait a minute.
we can only listen to science.