Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties

Gu Kaizhi (about 315-406), also known as Changkang and Hutou, was born in Wuxi (now Jiangsu), Jinling. He is good at painting portraits, Buddha statues, animals, landscapes, etc. He is known as "unparalleled in talent, painting, and crazy". Together with Lu Tanwei and Zhang Sengyao, he is also known as the "Three Masters in the Painting World". There are several copies of his paintings that have been handed down from generation to generation, such as "Nv Shi Zhen Tu", "Luo Shen Fu Tu", "Lienv Ren Zhi Tu", etc., among which "Luo Shen Fu Tu" has the largest number. In addition, his artistic views such as "imagination is wonderful" and "describing spirit with form" had a great influence on later generations.

Lu Tanwei (? - about 485) was from Wu (Suzhou). His paintings were rated the best among contemporary paintings by the Sheikh of Nanqi. But none of his paintings have been handed down. Later generations classified him and Gu Kaizhi together as the representative painters of "esoteric body".

Zhang Sengyao was from Wu (Suzhou). He is good at portraiture, and is good at painting Buddha statues, dragons, and eagles. He often makes scroll paintings and murals. The story of the idiom "putting the finishing touch" comes from the legend about him. Today, the "Five Stars and Twenty-eight Constellations True Shape Picture" copied by Liang Lingzhan of the Tang Dynasty has been handed down to the world, and has now been exported to Japan. However, the brushwork and records used in this painting are different. He had a great influence on later generations. Tang Dynasty painters Yan Liben and Wu Daozi both studied under him.

Xiao Yi (508-554), known as Emperor Yuan of Liang, was born in Nanlanling (now Wujin, Jiangsu). Records say that he was good at painting Buddhist paintings, deer and cranes, and landscape sketches. He had comprehensive skills, and was especially good at painting the appearance of outsiders. The handed down "Zhi Gong Tu" is a copy made during the Northern Song Dynasty.

Cao Zhongda, records say that he was good at painting Buddhist paintings and was also good at clay sculpture. He has no handed down works.

Yang Zihua has only one scroll of "Northern Qi School Pictures" attributed to Song Lin (now in the Boston Museum, USA), which is the only scroll painting of Yang that we can see today.

Sui and Tang dynasties

Zhan Ziqian was good at painting figures, carriages and horses, pavilions, and landscapes, and was especially famous for his landscape paintings. "Spring Outing" now in the Palace Museum in Beijing is considered to be his masterpiece. It is also the earliest existing scroll painting.

Dong Boren was from Runan (now Henan). He had many talents and was good at painting Buddha statues, figures, balconies, chariots and horses. He entered the Sui Dynasty at the same time as Zhan Ziqian, and was also known as "Dong Zhan". "History of Public and Private Paintings of Zhenguan" and "Book of Paintings of Xuanhe" recorded 6 pieces of his works, but no traces of his paintings exist in the world today.

Fashi Zheng, a native of Wu (Suzhou). He is good at painting figures and buildings. He learned from Zhang Sengyao and painted murals in many places such as Haijue Temple in Shangdu. "History of Public and Private Paintings of Zhenguan" and "Book of Paintings of Xuanhe" recorded 20 pieces of his works, which are no longer published.

Li Sixun (651-716), also known as Jian, was a native of Chengji (now Tianshui, Gansu) and a member of the Tang clan. He is good at painting green landscapes. Influenced by Zhan Ziqian, his brushwork is vigorous. Works attributed to him include the scroll of "Picture of Jiangfan Pavilion" and "Picture of Emperor Ming's Visit to Shu" collected by the National Palace Museum in Taipei.

Wang Wei (699-759), courtesy name Mojie, a famous poet, originally from Qi (now Qi County, Shanxi Province), was good at painting figures, bamboos, and landscapes. His famous work "Wangchuan Picture" is the latter. Unfortunately, no authentic work has been handed down to this day. The "Snowy Stream Picture" and "Jinan Fu Sheng Statue" that are said to be his are not authentic.

Zhang Hong, courtesy name Wentong, was a native of Wu County (Suzhou). He was good at painting landscapes, trees and rocks, and was good at breaking ink. He was especially good at painting pine trees. Legend has it that he could use two-pronged methods, one for growing branches and the other for dead branches. No works have been handed down. However, his famous saying "to learn from outsiders, to learn from nature" had a great influence on the painting theory of later generations.

Xue Ji (649-713), courtesy name Sitong, was born in Fenyin, Puzhou (now southwest of Wanrong, Shanxi), and was the grandson of the famous official Wei Zheng. Famous for his calligraphy, he was also good at painting figures, Buddha statues, birds and beasts, trees and rocks, and his paintings of cranes were particularly vivid. No paintings have survived.

Cao Ba was a native of Qiaojun (now Bo County, Anhui Province). He inherited his family's painting skills and is good at horse painting and portrait painting. Today the traces of the painting are no longer passed down.

Han Gan, a native of Jingzhao (now Xi'an), was good at painting portraits, figures, ghosts and gods, and was especially good at painting horses. Existing works include the album "Herding Horses" collected by the National Palace Museum in Taipei and the "White Picture at Night" collected by the Metropolitan Museum of Art in the United States. There is also a volume with the old title "Pictures of Divine Horses of Han and Qian", which is stored in the Liaoning Provincial Museum. It is now believed to be a copy made by the Five Dynasties.

Wei Yan, a native of Chang'an (now Xi'an), is good at painting figures, pommel horses and landscapes. Today, we can understand his style through the first volume of "Imitation of Wei Yan's Herding" by Li Gonglin of the Song Dynasty in the collection of the Palace Museum.

Bian Luan was born in Jingzhao (now Xi'an). He is good at painting birds and flowers and trees, and is also good at bees and butterflies. He played an important role in the formation of an independent branch of flower-and-bird painting. His handed down works include "Plum Blossom, Camellia, Snowbird", which is recorded in "Grand View of Famous Paintings of the Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties".

Diao Guangyin (about 852-935), named Diao Guang, was born in Chang'an (now Xi'an). He is good at painting dragons, water, bamboos, rocks, flowers and birds, etc. He has been diligent in painting throughout his life, mostly flowers and birds. He was taught by Huang Quan, a famous painter in the Five Dynasties. The handed down work "Album of Sketching Flowers" has been designated as a fake work.

Five Dynasties and Two Song Dynasties

Zhou Wenju was born in Jurong (now Jiangsu Province). The "Liuli Tang Figures" volume stored in the Freer Museum in the United States is a copy made by the Qing Dynasty.

Gu Hongzhong was a native of Jiangnan. The long scroll of "Han Xizai's Night Banquet" hidden in the Palace Museum is the only work of Gu Hongzhong that has been handed down from generation to generation.

Guan Xiu (832-912), whose common surname was Jiang and courtesy name Deyin, was from Lanxi, Wuzhou (now part of Zhejiang). He was good at poetry, calligraphy and painting, and his paintings inherited the style of Yan Liben, and later he became his own family.

Among the works handed down from generation to generation is the "Sixteen Arhat Statues" stored in Kodaiji Temple in Kyoto, Japan, which is a copy of the Song Dynasty.

Xu Xi was born in Jinling (now Nanjing, Jiangsu). He was good at painting flowers, trees, birds, fish, fruits and vegetables. Unfortunately, his original work is no longer available. The "Snow Bamboo Picture" collected by the Shanghai Museum is considered to reflect Xu Xi's style.

Huang Quan (903-965), also known as Yaoshu, was born in Chengdu. His handed down works include the "Sketches of Rare Birds from Life" volume collected in the Palace Museum.

Jing Hao, courtesy name Haoran, was born in Qinshui (now part of Shanxi) and was a post-Liang painter of the Five Dynasties. The "Kuang Lu Picture" now in the National Palace Museum in Taipei is said to be his work.

Guan Tong, Yi Zuotong, was a native of Chang'an (now Xi'an). In the Northern Song Dynasty, he was known as one of the "Three Landscape Masters" together with Li Cheng and Fan Kuan. His handed down works include "Travel in Guanshan Mountain" and "Mountain Stream Waiting for Crossing", both of which are stored in the National Palace Museum in Taipei.

Zhao Qian, a native of Jiangning (now Nanjing), was good at painting landscapes, trees, buildings, etc. "The First Snow on the River" now in the National Palace Museum in Taipei is his only work that has been circulated.

Dong Yuan (?-962), courtesy name Shuda, was born in Zhongling (now northwest of Jinxian, Jiangxi Province). The extant authentic works include the "Picture of Longsu Suburban People" collected in the National Palace Museum in Taipei and collected in the Shanghai Museum. "Summer Mountain Picture" and "Xiajing Mountain Pass Waiting for Ferry" in Liaoning Museum, "Xiaoxiang Picture" in the Palace Museum and "Stream Bank Picture" in Wang Jiqian's Place in the United States.

Ju Ran was from Jiangning (now Nanjing). Works on landscapes, and the authentic works handed down from generation to generation include "Ask a Question in the Qiu Mountains" (collected by the National Palace Museum in Taipei), "Picture of Pine Winds in Ten Thousand Valleys" (collected by the Shanghai Museum), "Mountain Dwelling" (collected by Saito, Japan) and "Picture of Streams and Mountains" (Collected by the Saito family in Japan) The hiding place is unknown) etc. In addition, "The Trees in the Rocks", "The Orchid Pavilion by Xiao Yizhuan" (all collected in the National Palace Museum, Taipei) and "The Orchid in the Xishan Mountains" (collected by the Cleveland Museum of Art in the United States), which have always been judged to be authentic works by Ju Ran.

Zhao Ji (1082-1135), the eleventh son of Shenzong, reigned for 25 years. Among the handed down works, "Auspicious Dragon Stone Picture", "Hibiscus Golden Pheasant Picture", "Listening to the Qin Picture", "Snow River Returning to the River" (the above are all collected in the Palace Museum), "Auspicious Crane Picture" (collected by Liaoning Provincial Museum), Works such as "Two Birds on Green Bamboo" (collected by the Metropolitan Museum of Art, USA) are recognized by experts as being ghostwritten by masters from the painting academy. Only the "Four Birds" volume collected by the Nelson Museum of Art in the United States, the "Willow Crows" volume collected by the Shanghai Museum and the "Autumn Evening on the Pond" collected by the National Palace Museum in Taipei have been identified as his handwriting.

Li Gonglin (1049-1106), courtesy name Boshi, also known as Longmian Jushi, was a native of Shucheng (now Qianshan, Anhui). There are copies of works such as "Lotus Society Picture" and "Xiyuan Gathering Picture" handed down to the world today. The authenticity of the "Uncoupled Picture" and "The Classic of Filial Piety" manuscripts stored in the National Palace Museum in Taipei and Princeton University in the United States has yet to be studied.

Liang Kai was originally from Dongping (now part of Shandong) and lived in Qiantang (Hangzhou). He is good at painting figures, landscapes, Taoism, ghosts and gods. The handed down "Autumn Willows and Flying Crows" (Collected by the National Palace Museum), "The Sixth Patriarch Breaking Sutras", "The Sixth Patriarch Cutting Bamboo" (Collected by the Tokyo National Museum, Japan), "Splash-Ink Immortal" (Collected by the National Palace Museum in Taipei), etc. , are all described with extremely concise writing and highly summarized techniques. The immortals in "Splash-Ink Immortal Picture" are painted with large strokes of ink on the clothes of the characters, and the faces of the characters are outlined with just a few strokes, which is vivid and expressive. It was a new creation at the time. The "Stories of the Eight Eminent Monks" volume collected by the Shanghai Museum and the "Sakyamuni Emerging from the Mountain" collection collected by the Tokyo National Museum in Japan are rigorous in shape and cautious in brushwork, which are different from the subtractive brushwork method. There is also a copy of "Taibai Xingyin Picture" hidden in Japan.

Gong Kai (1222-about 1304), named Shengyu and Cuiyan, was from Huaiyin (now Jiangsu Province). The main works handed down from generation to generation include: "Travel to Zhongshan" volume collected by the Freer Museum of Art in the United States, and "Horse Bones Picture" collected by the Osaka Municipal Museum of Art in Japan.

Zhang Zeduan, courtesy name Zhengdao, was born in Dongwu (now part of Shandong). He was a painter of industrial circles, especially good at boats, carriages and market bridges. He started his own family. "Along the River During the Qingming Festival" in the collection of the Palace Museum is his masterpiece handed down from generation to generation. In addition, the Tianjin Art Museum has a small "West Lake Competition" signed "Zhang Zeduan", which is a forged work.

Su Hanchen, a native of Kaifeng, was good at painting Taoist and Buddhist figures, especially children. Today, there are two scrolls of "Infants Playing in the Autumn Courtyard" (collected by the National Palace Museum), and a scroll of "Purchasers" in the National Palace Museum in Taipei.

Li Song was born in Qiantang (Hangzhou). Landscapes, flowers and birds, and people can all be used. The "West Lake Picture" volume is collected by the Shanghai Museum, and its "Tide Viewing Picture" and "Flower Basket Picture" showing seasonal flowers are collected by the Palace Museum. Another scroll of "Skeleton Fantasy" is hidden in the Palace Museum.

Huang Jucai (933-?), courtesy name Boluan, was born in Chengdu. Among his handed down works are the "Mountain Partridge and Thorn Birds" scroll in the National Palace Museum in Taipei.

Zhao Chang (? - about 1016), named Changzhi, was from Guanghan (now Jiannan, Sichuan). He is good at painting flowers and fruits. Very few of his works have been handed down to the world. His work is recorded in the "Sketching of Butterflies from Life" collected by the Palace Museum.

Yi Yuanji, courtesy name Qingzhi, was born in Changsha. He is good at painting deer, apes, flowers, fruits, birds, etc. Today there is "Gathering of Monkeys" (History in Japan).

Cui Bai, courtesy name Zixi, was born in Haoliang (now Jiangxi). In addition to being good at painting flowers and birds, he was also good at painting Taoism, Buddhism, ghosts and gods, and created many murals. The Palace Museum has its "Cold Bird Picture" volume.

Wen Tong (1018-1079), courtesy name Yuke, was born in Yongtai, Zizhou (now Yanting, Sichuan). The Guangdong Museum has a scroll of "Ink Bamboo Pictures", which is a copy of this scroll.

The authenticity of "Dead Wood, Bamboo and Stone Scroll" collected by the Shanghai Museum is yet to be verified; the scroll of "Ink Bamboo Picture" collected by the Museum of Chinese History is a work of the Chuan sect.

Yang Buzhi (1097-1169), also known as Wujiu, also known as Fleeing Zen Old Man and Qingyi Elder, was a native of Nanchang. Among the works handed down from generation to generation are the volume "Four Plum Blossoms" collected by the Palace Museum, and the volume "Snow Plum Blossoms" collected by the Palace Museum.

Zhao Mengjian (1199-?), named Zigu and named Yi Zhai, was good at painting daffodils, plum blossoms, orchids, bamboos and stones in ink and white, with a delicate and elegant style. The works handed down today include the volumes of "Molan Tu", "Three Friends of Sui Han" and "Narcissus Tu" collected in the Palace Museum.

The "Five Horses Picture" among the handed down works of Li Gonglin (life story, see above) is one of the most credible authentic works.

Qi Xu, a native of Jiangnan, is a craftsman of flowers, bamboo feathers and feathers, and is good at painting buffaloes. The current volume of "Pictures of Grazing in Rivers and Mountains" is stored in the Palace Museum.

Li Cheng (?-967), also known as Xianxi, was good at painting landscapes for his own entertainment. Only the "Reading Stone Tablets" hidden in Japan has been confirmed as authentic.

Fan Kuan, whose name is Zhongzheng and whose courtesy name is Zhongzheng, is from Huayuan, Shaanxi. Among the handed down works are the "Pictures of Fishing Boats on the Autumn River" collected in the Nelson Museum of Kansas, USA.

Guo Xi, courtesy name Chunfu, was born in Wen County, Heyang (now Meng County, Henan Province). Relatively many of his works have been handed down, including "Tree Colors in the Distance" collected by the Metropolitan Museum of America, "Early Spring" and "Spring Snow on Guanshan" collected by the National Palace Museum in Taipei, "Valley" collected by the Shanghai Museum, and "Mountain Village Picture" collected by Nanjing University. ”, “Travel in the Autumn Mountains” collected by the Yunnan Provincial Museum, and “Picture of a Stone Ping Yuan” collected by the Palace Museum, etc.

Yan Wengui was a native of Wuxing (now Zhejiang). His existing works include the volume "View of the Xishan Pavilion", which is stored in the Osaka Municipal Museum of Art in Japan. The "Picture of the Brook Wind" collected in Japan is also an authentic work.

Wang Shen, courtesy name Jinqing, lives in Kaifeng. The representative ones are the "Fishing Village with Light Snow" volume collected by the Palace Museum and the "Smoke River Overlapping Mountains" volume collected by the Shanghai Museum, one each in green and ink.

Mi Fu (1051-1107), named Yuanzhang, also known as Lumen Jushi, Xiangyang Manshi, and Haiyue Waishi, was originally from Taiyuan. He later moved to Xiangyang, Hubei, and settled in Runzhou in his later years. He was a man of great talent, crazy and unrestrained, and he imitated the people of the Tang Dynasty, so he was known as "Mi Dian". He is good at painting landscapes with ink and wash, and he is devoted to painting without paying any attention to detail. He created the "Mijiashan" painting method. He also likes to paint portraits of ancient sages. The only painting that can be seen today is a branch of coral painted on the back of his calligraphy work "Coral Tie" in the Palace Museum. The brushwork is as smooth as writing.

Mi Youren (1068-1165), named Yuanhui, was the eldest son of Mi Fu. There are many paintings handed down from generation to generation. The Palace Museum has two volumes of "Pictures of Wonders of Xiaoxiang" and "Pictures of Ink Play on Yunshan Mountains". The Shanghai Museum has a volume of "Pictures of Xiaoxiang White Clouds" and the Metropolitan Museum of Art in the United States has a volume of "Pictures of Yunshan Mountains".

Guo Zhongshu, courtesy name Shuxian, was born in Luoyang, Henan. Very few works have been handed down to the world, and only "Snow River Journey" in the collection of the National Palace Museum in Taipei can be studied.

Wang Ximeng has no biography in the history of painting. He created "Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains".

Li Tang, courtesy name Xigu, was born in Heyang (now Meng County, Henan Province). The axis of "Ten Thousand Valleys with Pine Winds" (hidden in the National Palace Museum, Taipei) was written by Li Tang when he was around 70 years old, and reflects the landscape paintings of Li Tang during the Northern Song Dynasty. The "Small Scenery of Rivers and Mountains" volume hidden in the same place is similar in style to the previous one.

Liu Songnian was born in Qiantang (Hangzhou). The volume "Four Scenes of Landscape" stored in the Palace Museum is his representative work of landscape painting.

Ma Yuan, whose courtesy name is Yaofu, was born in Yongji, Shanxi. The "Ta Ge Tu" in the collection of the Palace Museum can be said to be a representative work of his style.

Xia Gui, courtesy name Yuyu, was born in Qiantang (Hangzhou). His painting style is very similar to that of Ma Yuan, and his compositions are often blank. He is also known as "Ma Banbian". In the history of painting, "Ma and Xia" are often combined. say. His representative works include his "Streams and Mountains in the Clear Distance" and "Twelve Scenes of Landscapes" collected by the National Palace Museum in Taipei, "Yaocen Yanai" collected by the National Palace Museum, and "Autumn Moon in Dongting" collected by the Freer Museum in the United States. .

Liao, Jin and Yuan dynasties

Zhao Mengfu (1254-1322), whose courtesy name was Ziang, also known as Songxue, also known as Oubo, Shuijinggong Taoist, etc., was a native of Wuxing (now Huzhou, Zhejiang). Song clan, the eleventh grandson of Zhao Kuangyin, and the successor of King Defang of Qin. Zhao Mengfu was erudite and talented. He had profound attainments in poetry, calligraphy, painting, music, etc. His achievements in calligraphy and painting were the most outstanding. His paintings have a wide range of themes and styles, including landscapes, figures, bamboos, rocks, flowers and birds; their forms of expression are also diverse, including fine brushwork, freehand brushwork, green and ink, all of which are very exciting. Among them, Zhao Mengfu advocated that painting should have "ancient meaning", advocated "the same origin of calligraphy and painting", emphasized the use of calligraphy brushes in painting, and advocated learning from nature, and put forward the slogan "Yunshan everywhere is my teacher". The main landscape paintings that have been handed down from generation to generation include: "Youyu Hills and Valleys" collected by the Princeton University Art Museum, "Autumn Colors of Magpie Flowers" collected by the National Palace Museum in Taipei, "Chongjiang Overlapping Mountains" and "Wuxing Qingyuan" collected by the Shanghai Museum. Volume and the volume of "Water Village Pictures" collected by the Palace Museum.

Gao Kegong (1248-1310), named Yanjing and named Fangshan, was mostly from Fangshan (now part of Beijing). He is good at poetry and painting, and is good at landscape, ink and bamboo. The main works handed down from generation to generation include the scrolls of "Clouds and Beautiful Ridges" and "Spring Mountains and Clear Rains" in the National Palace Museum in Taipei. "Zhupo Stone Picture" axis, etc.

Ren Renfa (1254-1327), named Ziming, also known as Yueshan Taoist, was a native of Songjiang (now Shanghai).

The main works handed down from generation to generation include the "Chu Yu Tu" volume, the "Er Horse Tu" volume, and the "Zhang Guo Meets the Ming Emperor" volume collected in the Palace Museum.

Yan Hui, courtesy name Qiuyue, was born in Jiangshan, Zhejiang Province. His birth and death are unknown. His handed down works include the "Shuiyue Guanyin" scroll and "Li Xian Tu" collected by the Palace Museum, and the "Landscape" scroll collected by the Henan Provincial Museum.

Zhang Wo, also known as Shuhou, also known as Zhenqi, also known as Jianghaike, his works include "Nine Songs Pictures"

Wang Yi, also known as Sishan, also known as Chijuesheng , who was originally from Muzhou and wrote the article "Secrets of Portrait Writing". His only extant work is "Small Portrait of Yang Zhuxi", a collaboration with Ni Zan, which is stored in the Palace Museum.

Qian Xuan (from the 13th century to the early 14th century), whose courtesy name was Shunju, whose nickname was Yutan, and whose aliases include Xunfeng, Qinghui Old Man, Xi Lanweng, and Peixi Weng, etc., was born in Wuxing (now Huzhou, Zhejiang) . The main works handed down from generation to generation include: "Dwelling in the Mountains with Floating Jade" collected by the Shanghai Museum, "Dwelling in the Mountains" and "Eight Flowers" collected by the Palace Museum, "Flowers and Birds" and "White Lotus" collected by the Tianjin Art Museum (Shandong Zhu Unearthed from a Tan tomb and stored in Shandong Provincial Museum), etc.

Wang Yuan, whose courtesy name was Ruoshui and whose nickname was Danxuan, was from Qiantang (now Hangzhou). He was good at painting landscapes and figures, especially flowers, birds, bamboos and stones. His main handed down works include: "Mountain Peach Golden Pheasant" and "Ink Peony" collected by the National Palace Museum, "Flowers and Birds" scroll collected by Shanxi Provincial Museum, "Flowers, Bamboos and Birds" scroll collected by Shanghai Museum, "Peach, Bamboo and Spring" collected by the National Palace Museum in Taipei. Bird Diagram" axis, etc.

Li Chan (1244-1320), whose courtesy name was Zhongbin and also named Xizhai Taoist, was from Yan (now Beijing). His extant works mainly include the "Four Qing Dynasty Pictures" volume (the second half of the volume is in the Palace Museum, and the first half of the volume is in the Nelson Museum of America), the "Double-hook Bamboo Picture" scroll, the "Muyu Picture" scroll, the "New Huang Tu" scroll, "Ink Bamboo Pictures" volume (above collection of the Palace Museum) and "New Huangshu Stone Pictures" scroll (collected by Nanjing Museum), etc.

Ke Jiusi (1290-1343), named Jingzhong and Danqiusheng, was a native of Xianju, Taizhou (now Zhejiang). The main works handed down from generation to generation include: the scroll of "Ink Bamboo Painting in Qingshe Pavilion", the scroll of "Double Bamboo Painting" collected by Shanghai Museum, etc.

Gu An (1289-1364), also known as Dingzhi, also called himself the old man. His ancestral home is Huaidong, and he is from Pingjiang (Suzhou). The main works handed down from generation to generation include the "Youhuang Beautiful Stone Picture" scroll, "New Huangtu", "Wind and Rain Bamboo Picture", "Ink Brush and Stone" scroll collected by the Palace Museum.

Wang Mian (? - 1359), whose courtesy name was Yuanzhang and nicknamed Zhuoshi Shannong, was from Kuaiji (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). The main plum blossom works handed down from generation to generation include the scroll of "Ink Plum Blossom Picture" collected by the National Palace Museum and the scroll of "Early Spring Picture of Nanzhi" collected by the National Palace Museum in Taipei.

Guo Wei (1280-1335), whose courtesy name was Tianxi and whose nickname was Situi, was born in Mingshui and lived in Jingkou (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province). Among the works handed down from generation to generation are the volumes of "Youhuang Dead Wood" collected in the Kyoto National Museum, Japan.

Wu Zhen and Ni Zan, two of the four great masters of the Yuan Dynasty, were also good at painting bamboo and stone subjects. Wu Town has the "Bamboo Manual" collected by the National Palace Museum in Taipei and handed down from generation to generation. Ni Zan's handed down bamboo and stone works include the "Bamboo Branches" volume and the "Strange Rocks and Huangtu" scroll collected by the Palace Museum.