Lu You (most of his representative works are rhythmic poems)

"Shi'er"

After death, I know that everything is in vain, but I am not as sad as Jiuzhou.

Wang Shibei set the Central Plains Day, and he never forgot to tell Nai Weng about family sacrifices!

"Spring Lights" (Part 4)

Burning firewood to warm quilts every night, one meal in Yuzhong is worth a thousand gold.

As a wild old man, I have no responsibility, but the homeless people on the road will eventually be tempted.

"Crossing the Three Peaks of Lingshi"

The strange peak welcomes the horse and the old man is frightened, and the Wu Mountain in Shuling is completely empty.

The land is green and green for five thousand people, and the canal is turned over in Qu's poem.

"Sinking Garden" (two poems)

The setting sun on the city is painted with mournful corners, but the sinking garden is not a restored pool platform.

The spring waves under the sad bridge were green, and it was once the shadow of a startling grand.

The dream has faded and the fragrance has faded for forty years, and the old willow in the garden has stopped blowing.

This body is walking in the soil of Jishan, and its traces are still missing.

"Vegetable Garden Quatrains" (Part 2)

A hundred dollars of salary can buy a green coir raincoat, but I don't envy the golden belt.

Withered willows on the slope, the wind and rain are severe, who can draw me back with a hoe?

"Traveling to Homes in Flower Time" (Part 2)

I love the famous flowers to the point of death, but worry about the wind and sun damaging the red fragrance.

The green chapter plays in the palace at night, begging for the spring yin to protect the begonia.

Du Fu

"Quatrains"

Two orioles sing in the green willows, and a row of egrets ascends to the blue sky.

The window contains Qianqiu snow of Xiling, and the door is docked with a ship thousands of miles away from Dongwu.

"Eight Formations Diagram"

His achievements cover three parts of the country, and it is called the Eight Formations Diagram.

The stone in the river will not turn, and the regret will be swallowed by Wu.

"The Year of Li Gui in the South of the Yangtze River"

It is common in King Qi's house, and Cui Jiutang heard it several times.

It is the beautiful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, and we meet you again in the season of falling flowers

"Gift to the Flower Queen"

The silk tubes in Jincheng are crowded day by day, half in the river wind and half in the clouds .

This song should only exist in heaven, and can only be heard several times in the human world.

"Gift to Li Bai"

When autumn comes, we look at each other and still have fluttering hair, but we are still ashamed of Ge Hong for the cinnabar.

Who is the hero who spends his days drinking and singing wildly, flying high and domineering?

"Youth's Journey" (two poems)

Mo Xiaotian's old earthen basin has been used to hold wine and grow children and grandchildren.

Pouring silver and jade is astonishing, and when you are drunk, you end up lying on a bamboo root.

The nests of swallows have exhausted all their young, and the river flowers have not many seeds.

It’s better to count the young people in yellow shirts, but they don’t see the wave passing eastward in front of the hall.

Guests arrive at ① Du Fu

There is spring water in the south and north of the house, but I can see a flock of gulls coming day by day.

The flower path ② has never been swept by visitors, and the canopy gate ③ is now opened for you.

Panxiang City is far from having Jianwei ④, and the restaurants are poor and only have old fermented rice ⑤.

I am willing to drink with my neighbor and call across the fence to get the rest of the cup.

Notes:

① Selected from "Detailed Notes on Du Shi" (Zhonghua Book Company 1979 edition). This poem was written approximately in the second year of the Yuan Dynasty (761). At this time, Du Fu was living in a thatched cottage by the Huanhua River in the western suburbs of Chengdu, and his life was relatively stable. The original author's own note under the title of the poem: "I am happy that Cui Mingfu has passed by me." Mingfu is the name of the county magistrate in the Tang Dynasty. Passed by, visited.

② [Flower Path] This refers to a path outside Du Fu's Thatched Cottage. There are wild flowers on the roadside.

③[Pengmen] A portal made of awning grass, which means that the house is simple.

④ [Panxi (sūn) Shiyuan has no flavor] Because it is far from the town (you can’t buy delicious food), the dishes on the plate taste very monotonous.駧, cooked food. A variety of delicious dishes.

⑤ [醅(pēi)] unfiltered wine.

⑥ [Ken] Right and just.

⑦ [Call] Call over.

Traveling at Night Book Huai ① Du Fu

The fine grass and breeze on the shore, the dangerous raft ② canoe alone at night.

The stars hang down over the vast plains, and the moon surges across the river.

What is the name of the article ④? The official should retire due to old age and illness ⑤.

What does the fluttering look like? There is a sandy gull in the sky and the earth.

Notes:

① Selected from "Detailed Notes on Du Shi" (Zhonghua Book Company 1979 edition). In the first year of Yongtai (765), Du Fu's good friend Yin Yanwu from Chengdu died, leaving Du Fu without support and had to leave Chengdu. This poem was written by him on his way from Chengdu to Yuzhou (now Chongqing City) and Zhongzhou (now Zhongxian County, Chongqing). Travel night, journey night.

②〔Dangerous Mast〕Tall mast. Danger, high. Qiang, the mast on the ship where the sails are hung.

③[Stars hang low in the plains and the fields are wide] The stars hang low in the sky, making the fields look extraordinarily vast.

④ [Ming Qi Wen Zhu] Why is my reputation so great because of my articles? This sentence and the next sentence are both written contrary to their meaning.

⑤[Official Ying (yīng) retired due to old age and illness] The official retired because of old age and illness. Du Fu was dismissed from office because he offended Emperor Suzong of the Tang Dynasty by going to Shangshu to save Fang Guan (guǎn). Fang? (697-763), once served as prime minister, but was later demoted due to military defeat. Should, think it is, be.

Yong Huai Ancient Relics ① (Part 3) Du Fu

Going to Jingmen ② through the mountains and ravines, Ming Fei ③ still has a village.

Once you go to Zitai ④ and Lian Shuo Mo ⑤, you will only stay in Qingzhong ⑥ facing the dusk.

Draw a picture to understand the spring breeze ⑦, the ring? The sky returns to the soul of the moonlit night ⑧.

For thousands of years, the pipa has been playing nonsense, and there is clear resentment in the music. 9.

Notes:

① Selected from "Detailed Notes on Du Shi" (Zhonghua Book Company 1979 edition). There are five poems in "Ode to Ancient Relics", and the third one chosen here is a poem praising Wang Zhaojun. There are two theories about when this poem was written: one is that it was written in Kuizhou (now Fengjie, Chongqing) in the first year of the Dali calendar (766). One theory is that it was written in the third year of the Dali calendar (768) on the way from the Xiaxia to Guizhou (now Zigui, Hubei) and Jiangling.

② [Jingmen] The name of the mountain, located in the northwest of Yidu County, Hubei Province today.

③[Mingfei] is Wang Zhaojun. Later generations changed their names to Mingjun and Mingfei to avoid the taboo of Sima Zhao, Emperor Wen of Jin Dynasty. Zhaojun Village is 40 miles northeast of Guizhou. It is said to be the birthplace of Wang Zhaojun.

④[Zitai] is the Purple Palace, the name of the Han Palace.

⑤ [Shuo Desert] The land of quicksand in the north. Shuo, north.

⑥ [Green Tomb (zhǒng)] refers to Zhaojun’s tomb, located 20 miles south of Hohhot City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Legend has it that there are many white grasses on the border, but the grass on Zhaojun's tomb is green. Tomb, grave.

⑦ [draw pictures to know the spring breeze] From the portrait, you can roughly see her youthful appearance. According to "Xijing Miscellaneous Notes": Emperor Yuan of the Han Dynasty had many maids in the palace, so he ordered painters to draw portraits one by one for him to choose from. In order to get the emperor's favor, the maids bribed the painter one after another. Wang Zhaojun was the only one who refused to bribe because of her beauty. The painter deliberately painted her ugly, so she was not summoned. Later, the Xiongnu Chanyu Huhanxie came to court and asked for a beautiful woman to be named Yan (yān zhī). Emperor Yuan sent Zhaojun there. When he was leaving, he was summoned, and he was the first in the harem. Emperor Yuan regretted it, but it was irreversible. Provincial knowledge, no knowledge.

⑧[Huan? The soul of the moon and the night returns in the sky] Her soul returns in the moon and the night. This means that Zhaojun has died and been buried in the desert and cannot return to the Han Dynasty. Even if his soul returns on a moonlit night, it will be in vain. Huan?, the jade pendant worn by ancient people on their belts, here refers to Wang Zhaojun. Moonlight night, also known as night moon.

⑨[Thousands of years of playing nonsense on the pipa, clearly expressing resentment within the music] Even after thousands of years, her resentment is still clearly expressed in the nonsense played by the pipa. This refers to the pipa song "Zhaojun's Resentment", the lyrics of which are said to have been written by Wang Zhaojun. Hu language refers to the music of the Hu people. Discuss, tell.

Ge Night①Du Fu

At the end of the year, the yin and yang rush to the short scene ②, and there is frost and snow at the end of the world ③.

The sound of drums and horns at the fifth watch is solemn and solemn, and the shadow of the Three Gorges Galaxy is shaken.

Thousands of families cried in the wild when they heard about the war⑥, and fishermen and woodcutters started to appear in several places in Yige⑦.

The Crouching Dragon ⑧ and the Leaping Horse ⑨ end in the loess, and the human affairs news and books are full and lonely ⑩.

Notes:

① Selected from "Detailed Notes on Du Shi" (Zhonghua Book Company 1979 edition). This poem was written by Du Fu when he lived in the West Pavilion of Kuizhou in the winter of the first year of the Dali calendar (766).

② [The yin and yang urge the short scene at the end of the year (yǐng)] means that winter is here and the days are getting shorter and shorter. The end of the year, winter, the end of the year. Yin and yang, in ancient my country, the sun facing the sun was yang, and the sun facing away was yin. This refers to the changes in the length of day and night.

The daylight hours are getting shorter and shorter. Scenery, shadow, sunlight.

③[Tianya Frost and Snow Ji Hanxiao] The frost and snow all over the sky stopped on this cold night. Ji, the snow has stopped.

④ [Wugujiao] means that before dawn, the local garrison has begun to move. Drums and horns are military musical instruments used to tell time or give orders.

⑤[The shadows of the stars in the Three Gorges are swaying] The shadows of stars reflected in the water of the Three Gorges are swaying. Galaxy, Milky Way, here generally refers to the stars in the sky.

⑥[The wild cries and thousands of families hear about the war] News of the war came, and the cries of thousands of families resounded throughout the countryside. Warfare refers to the rebellion of Cui Yue (gàn). In April of the first year of Yongtai, Guo Ying (yì) succeeded Jiannan Jiedushi and Chengdu Yin; in October, Cui Yuan, Yan Wu's old subordinate, launched an army to attack Guo Ying. Guo Ying fled to Jianyang and was killed by Han Cheng. After that, a group of military generals loyal to Guo united to attack Cui Yuan, causing chaos in Shu.

⑦ [Fishermen and woodcutters appeared in several places in Yige] In several places, fishermen and woodcutters sang folk songs. Yi songs refer to the songs of ethnic minorities in Sichuan.

⑧[Wolong] refers to Zhuge Liang.

⑨[Leaping Horse] refers to Gongsun Shu, whose courtesy name is Ziyang and who was born in Fufeng. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, the world was in chaos. Taking advantage of the dangerous location of Shu, he proclaimed himself emperor, nicknamed "White Emperor". Zuo Si's "Ode to the Capital of Shu": "Gongsun leaped on his horse and proclaimed himself emperor."

⑩ [Personnel Information Book is Lonely and Lonely] Personnel refers to friendship. Music book refers to the comfort between relatives and friends. So lonely, feeling lonely in vain. Romance, in vain, in vain.

Climbing Yueyang Tower Du Fu

In the past I heard about the water in Dongting, now I am going up to Yueyang Tower.

Wu Chu southeast side ②, the universe floats day and night ③.

There is no word about relatives and friends ④, and there are no old and sick people ⑤.

Rongmaguan ⑥ in the north of the mountain, Pingxuan Tisi Liu.

Notes:

① Selected from "Detailed Notes on Du Shi" (Zhonghua Book Company 1979 edition). This poem was written in the winter of the third year of the Dali calendar (768), after the poet arrived in Yueyang (now part of Hunan) from Gong'an (now part of Hubei). Yueyang Tower is the west gate tower of Yueyang City.

② [Wu Chu Southeast Cross (chè)] means that Wu and Chu divide their territories according to this: Wu is in the east and Chu is in the south.卼, division, here is extended to division.

③ [The universe floats day and night] The sun, moon, stars and the earth float on Dongting Lake day and night. "Shui Jing Zhu" Volume 38: "The lake is more than five hundred miles wide, and the sun and moon appear to appear and disappear in it." ④ [Not a word] There is no news at all. Words refer to letters.

⑤ [Old and sick have a solitary boat] Old and sick, only a solitary boat accompanies him. Du Fu spent most of the last three years of his life on the ship, so to speak.

⑥[Rongmaguan Mountain North] The war at the northern border broke out again. In August of this year, Tubo attacked Lingwu (north of Zhongwei today in Ningxia) with 100,000 people, and attacked Zhou (west of Xunyi in today's Shaanxi Province) with 20,000 people. Military means war.

Tour from the floating bridge to Nantai 1 Land Tour

Many of the passengers are sick and disabled. I heard that Nantai is trying to find 2.

Nine tracks are slowly sailing on the raging waves, and thousands of ships are tied to the center of the river3.

The bells and drums in the temple towers urge the dawn, and the clouds and smoke in the villages have been around since ancient times4.

The white hair has not removed the heroic spirit, and the drunken player plays the flute and sits on the banyan tree 5.

1. Nantai is an island in the Minjiang River outside Fuzhou, also known as Nantai Mountain. A pontoon bridge is a bridge built with boats as piers.

2. Guest: away from home. Wasted climbing: It has been a long time since I climbed the mountain and faced the water.

3. Nine tracks: nine tracks side by side; Thousand ships: refers to a pontoon composed of many ships. The words "nine tracks" and "thousands of ships" are used here to describe the width and length of the pontoon bridge, but they are not the actual meaning. Tie (jì out of sound), tie, tie together.

4. These two sentences describe what we saw and heard on Nantai Island. The first sentence is about the bells and drums in the temple tower urging people to wake up and announce the dawn, which is realistic; the latter sentence is about the clouds and smoke in the village (village), which is a reference to the past and the present, which is virtual. The contrast between virtuality and reality is both a description of the scene and a lyrical one.

5. There are many banyan trees in Fuzhou, which is known as the "Rong City". Nantai Island is also shaded by banyan trees.

This poem was written in the 29th year of Shaoxing (1159), when Lu You was thirty-five years old. In the autumn of that year, he was transferred to Fuzhou Jue Cao.

This poem describes the poet's experiences when he traveled to Nantai after his illness. It also describes the poet's emotional changes: due to a long illness, he was too lazy to visit Nantai, so he traveled to Nantai because of its fame, just with the mentality of "trying to find it". When crossing the river, I saw a wide and long pontoon bridge lying on the waves. Visitors on the bridge were walking slowly, walking smoothly, and I couldn't help but feel enlightened. Arriving on the island, you can climb the temple tower and hear the bells and drums, visit the villages and admire the clouds and smoke. There is a sense of vitality everywhere, and at the same time, it also makes people feel that time is passing by and the years are rushing. The depression caused by a long illness was swept away. So he sat drunk in the banyan shade and played the fife to express his heroic spirit. Scenes blend, virtual and real contrast, and the concise description of scenery and delicate psychological description are cleverly combined. This is the most distinctive feature of this poem.

Visiting Shanxi Village 1 Luyou

Moxiao’s farmhouse is full of wax and wine, and in good years there are enough chickens and dolphins for visitors 2.

Amidst the mountains and rivers, there is no way out, but there is another village with dark flowers and bright flowers3.

The flutes and drums follow the spring society, and the clothes and clothes are simple and ancient. 4.

From now on, if you are allowed to take advantage of the moonlight, the pillars and sticks will knock on the door all the time and at night5.

1. Shanxi Village is located in Shanyin (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang), Lu You's hometown.

2. Lajiu: Liquor brewed during the twelfth lunar month (the twelfth lunar month) for the Chinese New Year. Hun: The wine made by ordinary people at home often has some residue left in the wine, making it look cloudy.

3. The scene described in these two sentences can often be seen in reality, and people before Lu You have also written about it. For example, Wang Wei's "Shimen Jingshe in Lantian Mountain": "I love the beautiful clouds and trees from afar, but at first I doubt that the road is different. An Zhiqing is wandering, and suddenly it is connected to the front mountain." "; Lu Lun's "Send Ji Zhongfu back to Chuzhou": "I secretly enter the roadless mountain, knowing in my heart that there are flowers"; Geng Mao's "Travel to the Fairy Mountain": "There is no path for the flowers to fall, and there is a village when the cock crows"; Qiang Yan Wen's "Missing the Title": "When I first saw the distant mountains, I doubted there was a road, but as I walked slowly along the winding path, there were gradually villages." However, Lu You's two sentences are more accurate than previous descriptions, more refined in rhetoric, and more fully expressed, making it easier to impress readers. This couplet originally described a specific scene in a corner of Shanyin, but later people often quoted it alone to express a certain life situation and a certain philosophical concept. In later generations, some people even modified the previous sentence to "There is no way out of the mountains and rivers" to highlight and emphasize the contrasting effect. According to the scene described in the original poem, "the mountains are exhausted and the rivers are exhausted" is obviously wrong; but if viewed as a philosophical poem, "the mountains are heavy and the rivers are restored" does not seem to be enough to express the state of "surviving from desperate situations". From the spread and changes of this couplet, we can see an interesting phenomenon in literary psychology and literary sociology.

4． Spring Society: In ancient customs, the fifth "Wu" day after the beginning of spring is called "She" day. People play flutes and drums, perform various programs, display various foods, and offer sacrifices to the land god "She Gong". Pray for a good year.

5. Take advantage of the moonlight: Take advantage of the moonlight to take a leisurely stroll. No time: any time.

This poem was written in the second year of Qiandao in the Song Dynasty (1166), when Lu You was forty-two years old. The previous year, he was dismissed by the imperial court in Nanchang and returned to his hometown in Shanyin. The word "Ruoxu" in the seventh sentence reveals that he is somewhat dissatisfied with this dismissal and still has some hope for his future reinstatement. Therefore, the poet is not content with retreating to his hometown at this time, nor will he really " "The stick knocks on the door all the time and night" and lives with ordinary farmers. However, the poet loves the countryside and the life of farmers very much, so the scenery expressed in the poem is so beautiful, the customs are so simple, and the farmers are so lovely. A few sentences paint a wonderful picture of rural landscape and farm customs. But there is one thing that cannot be described with a brush, and that is the sincere emotion expressed by the author in the poem.

Encountering light rain on the Jianmen Road 1 Lu You

There are traces of dust and wine on the clothes, and the soul is gone everywhere when traveling far away 2.

Does this fit the poet? Xiaoyu rides a donkey into Jianmen 3.

1. Jianmen is Jianmenguan, located in the northeast of Jiange County, Sichuan. This poem was written on the way from Hanzhong to Chengdu.

2. Zhengchen, the dust collected during the journey. Ecstasy: Being intoxicated with joy or immersed in pain can be called "ecstasy" or "ecstasy". This can be interpreted as excitement.

3. In the history of Chinese literature, many famous writers, especially great poets, were originally from Sichuan or later came to live in Sichuan. The famous ones include Sima Xiangru, Li Bai, Du Fu, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, etc. In this way, some people regard poets as Fame and maturity are associated with Sichuan, as if a poet's poetic attainments will improve once he enters Sichuan. Donkeys were a commonly used means of transportation in ancient times, and poets often wrote about donkeys in their poems. For example, Li Bai rode a donkey in Huayin, and Du Fu claimed to have "rided a donkey for thirty years". At that time, someone also drew a picture of the two riding a donkey; Li He rode a donkey to search for poems, Jia Dao rode a donkey to compose poems, and Zheng Xi's famous saying "Poetic thoughts are on the back of a donkey in the wind and snow of Baqiao" are all good stories in the history of poetry. In this way, the poet has a special relationship with the donkey, as if the donkey is the poet's special mount. At this time, Lu You, who was riding on the back of a donkey and entering the Sword Gate, thought of these allusions, and then asked himself: am I qualified to be a poet? Also, am I only suitable to be a poet?

Using some specific environments, specific props, even specific weather, some allusions, etc. (which are what ancient poetry theory calls "poetic materials") to create a typical image, this is Lu You A good show. For example, he used just seven words and three things to create an image of a strong man galloping on the front line of national defense. In this poem, the poet uses drizzle, donkeys, sword gates, and clothes stained with dust and wine to depict himself as a typical poet. These common things, refined and combined by the poet, leave an indelible impression on the readers, as if this is what the poet should be like: some romantic, some noble, some shabby, and some decadent and stubborn...