The 6th and 5th centuries BC were the ancient and classical times of Greece. After early colonization, socio-economic development and cultural exchanges with ancient civilizations along the eastern Mediterranean, Greece got rid of the wild state of Dorian invasion. However, the further development of the slave economy is restricted by the remnants of the clan in the past, which requires the Greeks to further change the relations of production. In 594 BC, consul Solon carried out reforms, which opened the way for the development of slavery. After Cytra's autocratic politics, the economy and culture of Athens have been further developed. After Christini's reform, Greece entered the classical era, and the slave economy was greatly improved, which not only created conditions for the prosperity of Greek classical culture, but also prepared for resisting the invasion of Persians. In 492 BC and 490 BC, Darius invaded Greece, and in 480 BC, Xue Xisi invaded Greece. Greek states struggled to resist and finally won. Herodotus called it "a war to divide the boundaries between East and West". After Perikles came to power, Greece entered a golden age, with vigorous social and economic development, unprecedented prosperity of culture and full development of democracy. However, due to the conflict between the Tyrol League of Athens and the Peloponnesian League of Sparta, and the oppression of a small country by Athens within the Tyrol League, the protracted Peloponnesian War finally broke out, and eventually Athens was defeated, Greece entered the late classical period, the city-state declined and disputes continued, and Greece entered the decline period of city-state slavery, laying the seeds for Macedonia's conquest in the 4th century BC.

As can be seen from the above, Greece experienced a process from reform to prosperity, from war to prosperity, and finally declined due to war from the 6th century to the 5th century.

At this time, China was in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. By this time, the patriarchal etiquette of the Western Zhou Dynasty could no longer maintain the relationship between a vassal and the son of heaven. The five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period and the seven heroes in the Warring States Period successively competed for hegemony. In the 6th century BC, it was a thing of the past that Qi Huan of Jinwen became the overlord. In 6 13 BC, Chu Zhuangwang pushed forward to the Central Plains. With the success of the King of Chu, he wanted to replace the Zhou Emperor to stand on his own feet, which shows the decline of Zhou at that time. However, at that time, because the Jin State in the Central Plains was still strong, the progress of Chu State was restrained. Qi in the east is still a big country, and Qin in the west is strong. Wuyue strives for hegemony in Jianghuai area. It should be said that politics in China was chaotic at that time.

Economically, due to the use of iron, it has developed vigorously. The capitals of various countries, such as Linzi, the capital of Qi State, and Du Ying, the capital of Chu State, are big cities. A hundred schools of thought contend, and a hundred flowers blossom. Confucianism, Taoism, France, Mohism, and military strategists have all written books. Confucius, Laozi and Mozi all worked hard to publicize their thoughts and theories.

In a word, the situation in China is the decline of Zhou Shi, the hegemony of various countries, economic development and great cultural achievements.

Comparing the politics of Greece and China, we find that chaos is a similarity. Greek city-state chaos, China national chaos. There was a famous saying in Greece. The polis era is freedom and chaos, the Hellenistic era is submission and chaos, and the Roman rule period is submission and order, which is a very accurate description of the Greek period.

Economically, the use of iron has promoted the development of all walks of life.

Culturally, it is a very prosperous era. China has three religions and nine streams, and a hundred schools of thought contend. Greece is a school of philosophy, including Miletus School in Asia Minor, Ionian School, Pythagoras School in Great Greece and Athens. Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, protagoras and so on. China and Greece are two ideological and theoretical centers.

Philosophically similar, everyone is exploring an ideal political model. Such as China's Datong, Confucius' benevolence in a well-off society, Mencius' benevolence, Taoism's inaction, Legalism's rule of law, and Mohism's all-embracing love. Greece is Plato's ideal country and philosopher's desire to be king, diogenes's return to nature and so on.

In fact, it is not only Greece and China, but also India at this time is a typical era. India in different countries also has similarities with Greece and China. The establishment of Buddhism and Jainism is an example. They are called the three centers of classical civilizations in the world from the 8th century BC to the 3rd century BC, in order to distinguish the four earlier ancient civilizations.