The only thing I can be sure of is the existence of my own thoughts, because I can't doubt my own thoughts while I doubt others. The authoritative explanation is: "I can't deny my existence, because when I deny and doubt, I already exist!" " "Because when I think and doubt, there must be a thinker who is thinking. There is no doubt about this "I" as the subject. This I am not a broad physical "I", but a thinker's me. So it is contradictory to deny one's existence.
How is this proposition established? Descartes pointed out that this is neither deductive reasoning nor inductive result, but an "intuitive" proposition.
"I think, therefore I am" can be simply understood as: when I think rationally, I really get the value of existence. Reason can get rid of habits, superstitions and all kinds of so-called "established ideas" and let real thinking penetrate into one's life. Then, my existence has a real meaning.
argue
In the eyes of people who believe in empiricism and materialism, Descartes has a fatal handle, that is, his famous saying that has echoed for centuries: "I think, therefore I am." This famous saying, which Descartes regarded as the starting point of his own philosophical system, was regarded as the general representative of extreme subjective idealism in the academic circles of Eastern Europe and China, and was severely criticized. Many people even regard Descartes as "putting the cart before the horse" and "ridiculous" on the grounds that "existence must precede consciousness" and "there can be no thought without body".
Absolute doubt
Descartes' philosophy course is extremely difficult. The starting point of his philosophical pursuit is the most fundamental and thorough doubt about human cognitive ability. Descartes once described the beginning of his thinking process like this: "I think everything that is closest to' truth' so far comes from feeling and the transmission of feeling." However, I find that these things often deceive us. Therefore, the only wise thing to do is to never completely believe what your eyes see again. " The help of the outside world to our cognition is so unreliable. So, what are our active perceptual activities (called "practice" by dialectical materialism) and thinking? These activities often appear in dreams, making it impossible for us to distinguish between "dreams" and "waking up". Therefore, I have to wonder whether the whole world is just a dream (we remember the story of Zhuangzi and Butterfly).
Starting from these simple and preliminary "doubts", Descartes pushed his doubts to the extreme: "I am willing to assume that the source of all truth is not a kind God, but an equally cunning and magical evil.