The preface says: Confucius does not talk about strangeness, courage, rebellion and ghosts and gods, which is an eternal motto. Later, those who make a fuss about words did not follow the simple and pure way, and rushed to glitz, for fear that others would say that he did not understand, so some people wrote Qi Xie Ji and Bai Ze Tu, others wrote Wandering, Demon Chaos and so on, and some recorded strange novels. Recently, I got ancient miscellaneous sayings in the old paper pile in the market (meaning old books and magazines), and one of them, the wrestling, was a obscene and tacky talk. I lived at home and had nothing to do, so I embellished it and wrote a story, which became the next big article. Some people say: Confucius doesn't even say it, so why do you write? I should say: great morality is scattered, then virtue must be established. If virtue is scattered, benevolence and righteousness will be thin, and benevolence will breed loyalty and filial piety. At that time, Confucius did this because he didn't know something, probably because he lacked this knowledge. Why should future generations ask complicated questions? The virtue of Confucius sage has been established (branch part), while the latter respects Confucius only as a branch part of his knowledge level (development only), while Confucianism accounts for seven points and Mohism for three points. Therefore, it is very strange to say that the strange stories are strange, while the narrative of those strange stories is almost strange, while the discrete writing is almost random. Writing those ghost stories is the theory of ghosts and gods, and writing those brave stories is the story of gladiator. These four categories, in fact, aren't Confucius' thoughts living in the sage school? Someone said again: isn't it an article or something when you write these things (meaning that gentle scholars shouldn't do this)? I should say again: are people who tell strange stories ghosts and gods? Is the person who tells the story of gladiator a gladiator? In the past, that Liang Jian Wendi wrote "Ma Pu Pu", but I didn't hear that he was a general who was good at riding and shooting (Liang Jian Wendi was Xiao Gang). Didn't what I wrote today come from those unofficial history novelists? And I just try to keep it as organized as possible. "

This is my humble translation. What one says is limited in skill, some of which are suspected of free translation, and there may be inaccuracies or omissions. Please correct me.

Wrestling Story

Author: Northern Song Dynasty?

The earliest monograph on wrestling in China-Wrestling

Wrestling is an excellent national sport with a long history in China. However, due to various historical and social reasons, there are few wrestling documents handed down. Wrestling is the earliest existing wrestling monograph in China and the earliest treatise on sports history in China. Therefore, Wrestling is a rare and valuable historical wrestling document. Wrestling was born in the late 9th century. It records the wrestling history of China from the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period to the Five Dynasties and Ten Countries.

according to the history of song dynasty? Yi wenzhi? It is recorded in Volume 5 that the author of Wrestling Story is Diao Luzi, but the real name and age of Diao Luzi have yet to be verified. The book Wrestling is divided into several parts: purport, names, archaeology, origin and miscellaneous sayings. It introduces the evolution of wrestling names in detail, some of which are called "wrestling", others are called "corner arrival", "wrestling fee", "wrestling", "hand wrestling" and "beating Zhang" and so on. Wrestling also records the rules of ancient wrestling: only two people can wrestle with each other with their bare hands, and even in front of the two armies, other soldiers are not allowed to assist in wrestling. If one person holds a lance, it is not a wrestling. As for the time of the game and the actions adopted, there is no clear stipulation in Wrestling. You can punch, kick, pinch your head and neck and twist your joints, but in the end, you must throw your opponent down or make him lose his fighting power before you can win.

The latter part of Wrestling Records records the actual wrestling match, the most lively of which is the Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first month. In the performance of "Corner-to-Corner", there is often a grand occasion of "an empty lane".

The author of Wrestling has made a systematic research and summary on the emergence and development of Wrestling, which is unprecedented. The author boldly opposed the Confucian viewpoint and made a fair evaluation of wrestling. In the book, he said with emotion that "only strength can survive alone". The author makes a comprehensive discussion on the emergence and development of wrestling from the aspects of advocating folk customs, social development and the influence of geographical environment, which is scientific to some extent.

In a word, Wrestling is a unique masterpiece in the history of wrestling development in ancient China, which provides an extremely valuable basis for us to study the historical facts and theories of the development of ancient sports activities. Especially in today's era of rapid sports development, the historical value of Wrestling is even more precious.

The preface to Wrestling

The preface says: It is an eternal motto for a son not to talk about Machamp's confusion. Later, those who play with pens and inkstones are not naive, but they are ashamed of being flashy and ignorant for life. Therefore, some people have written The Story of Qi Xie and the Picture of Bai Ze, and some have written Chaos and Demon Chaos. In the paper bundle of old goods in the city, the ancient miscellaneous theory is obtained. In the middle paragraph, it is said that the drama of the corner is awkward and vulgar. Fools live in leisure, so they add embellishment to the story and act it into a story. Or: "What saints don't say, why should children say?" The fool said to him, "If the road is scattered, the virtue will stand, the virtue will be benevolent and thin, and the righteousness will be loyal and filial." When Zhong Ni did something, he didn't know it, so why bother to elaborate? The virtue of saints has been established, but those who followed Confucius have different branches and leaves, and Confucianism, seven ink and three ink are also. Therefore, the singularity of Ji is close to strangeness, the discrete sequence is close to chaos, the ghost of Ji is close to god, and the horn is close to force. These four categories, non-Confucius sent sage flow? " Or: "I said this, isn't it like being gentle?" Reply to yue; "Chi blame, or god? What is the strength of those who speak? Yesterday, Liang Jian Wendi wrote Ma Qiao Pu, but he didn't know that Xiao Gang was a rider. What a fool wrote today is beyond the official's attention and coherent. "

● state the purpose

A wrestler proclaims courage, and is skillful in measuring wisdom. However, to win or lose, to win or win, to make the viewer far timid and become a strong man. Have been brave and quick, so that they can fight the enemy. Dare to teach the courage of the dead, and be brave. Si is also the power of the army, and the sudden competition is gradual. Everything is born, and those who cry with blood are not angry. It is natural to have six emotions before they begin, and to learn from them. And if you attack the fighting force, you will start from Yang (because of its anger) and often die from Yin (if you want to win the situation, you will be killed). Drinking with courtesy begins with treatment (there are differences in honor and inferiority, and there are times of reward), and often it is chaotic (drinking yin liquid). Therefore, those who fight each other begin to play and often die in anger (today's cats, dogs, tigers and wolves begin to hit their teeth with light claws and weak teeth, and eventually fight), so they are angry when they know how happy they are. The play is also angry, and the gas escapes; Fight with gas, and the gas will go up. Playing with anger is related to the spleen, and fighting with anger is related to the liver. Therefore, if a husband has flesh and blood, he must have a fighting heart. Or else? In ancient times, people were pure and vegetarian, and they ate and drank enough. Or in the past, their arms were used as a case, and their hands were red and they didn't win or lose. If chickens and dogs fought against the enemy, it was just that. Then you can know nature. Can you learn from it? The ancient □ is also the same. And with human nature, Judah is so mysterious at ordinary times. Great winds and drums make huge waves rise (if people are angry), and small winds blow gently (if people are happy). If the spirit of wrestling is moderate, the waves will fluctuate, which is not suitable or small. It is greater than anger and less than joy. If you are competitive, you will not be happy or angry. This wrestling is a struggle between two disciples. Moreover, tigers have the advantages of minions, so it is not a fight with weapons. People hit each other in the air, but they can fight in the clouds. It is also true that the dream of Jin Hou and Chu Yu are fighting. "Interpretation of the Name" says: "When you fight with each other, you can fight with your hands on it, and you can rub it before it happens. The words under the hand are also. "

● Names

First, fight with each other. Gu Liang Biography: "Ji You, the son of Lu, defeated Juna, and Ji You, the son of Lu, said,' We don't like each other. What is the crime of foot soldiers?' Screen left and right and beat each other. Ji you went down and said,' Meng Lao.' (Surprised to take a knife, Lu Baodao) Ji You killed it. "This is the first phase ACTS, after its place, or so to save it, yue to use a knife. Today's hard work can be described as a struggle. "Interpretation of the Name" says: "Beat, four fingers beat widely to hit it." However, if you start to raise your hand, you will end up flapping.

first, sumo. If you take the name of seeing the winner, you will take the name of falling down. "Popular Literature" says: "It's called sumo, but it's called sumo." Another "Book of Jin" cloud: "Sumo, the next skill is also." See also "Beiqi Book"? Biography of Kings. Xiangzi enters the sound.

1. phase ■ < sound fee > (sound fee). Between Shutu and Jingxiang, it is also called "fighting for power". In the name of Xiang Fei, The Chronicle of the Age of Jingchu: "The people of Jingchu, together in May, are the drama of Xiang Fei." That is, jump. It's not elegant to cross each other (sound pile) from time to time, which is also called cross (ugly and good).

first, the horn. In the spring of the second year of Yuan Feng, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty started a drama. Ying Shao said, "Horn, skill. Hey, touch each other. " Wen Ying said: "This joy is the winner, and the two are quite equal. Wrestling, corner skills, and shooting, so it is a corner. Gaiza geisha is also happy. " Yan Shigu said, "Yes, I will. Not touching. " Wen said yes. In the summer of the sixth year of Yuan Dynasty, the people in the capital were optimistic and optimistic. In the first five years of the Yuan Dynasty, the play was also stopped. Looking at the comments of the public, the meaning of the word "jiao" is ambiguous, and the use of "jiao" and "que Gu" is also the same, and the comparison of quantity is also called. If you measure the touch from the angle, this is the same as the fee. If the two are equal, then today's step is to fight and tug of war. It is suspected that Lifu in the Han Dynasty hit the lattice with his hand, which is called the corner of the box, and later generations are variants, so he appeared one by one. "Xijing Fu" says: "Looking back at the square, it is a wonderful play with horns." Note: "the horn is also a play. Today, people are quite equal, and they are wrestling. "

first, wrestling. Then the angle is measured, its work is clever and clumsy, and its victory and defeat are divided, so it is called wrestling. "Angle, school strength" in the Book of Jin is also true. However, there are two famous sayings: elegance and vulgarity. Elegance says "Xiang ■" and vulgarity says "Sumo". Or call the local soil by its name, and those who are familiar with it are vulgar (Jingchu calls it "Xiang■ < Fei >"), and those who smell the strangers are elegant (returning to the soil and fighting sumo). Today, all the famous people take "wrestling" as elegance, so they take it as the head. From the beginning, though it came far away, it flourished in the Western Han Dynasty.

● Archaeology

If we look back at all the ancient times, Zuo Zhuan has "the dream of the marquis of Jin Dynasty and Chu Zi fighting", and Gu Liang's childe Ji You and Ju Nabo fighting, and Qin Violet's father and Shu Liangge are fighting with each other, which means that they are wrestling, and it is still coming. In the Western Han Dynasty, it was the beginning of the opera, but it was popular in the Western Han Dynasty. Wei Wendi said that Zhan Liu had a broken hand, and he could go into the white blade empty-handed. The emperor took sugar cane as a battle, and went down to the temple for several times, and the second one hit his arm. This is a single-handed skill, not a competition. Jin Yu is the father of elucidation. During the reign of Emperor Wudi, the western regions were invincible, and the Jin people could not school their strength. The emperor raised warriors, but the east should be chosen, so he culled them, which made his name famous. In the Book of Jin, it is said that Wang Hong, a native of Xiangcheng, and Liu Zizhu, a tribute to Yingchuan, will meet in the world. Zi Zhu said that Hong said, "Xiangcheng people don't know that Yingren can jump." Hiro said to him, "It is not enough to know the pros and cons of sumo wrestling."

Wang Chuo of Nanyang in the Northern Qi Dynasty was born on the 5th of May, which was a vicious character. There is no way to preach, and the scorpion maggots are placed in the bath, which makes the imperial secretary lie naked, and the emperor laughs at the same view. After Han Changluan falsely accused Chuo-luan of rebellion, the late master could not bear to show his slaughter, so that the pet (a dragon) Hu He accused himself of shadowing Chuo-sumo in the backyard and killed him because of his personality. King Jing of the Song Dynasty, the emperor ordered officials or officials to present their own skills, and respected them to correct their hair and take pictures. Qi Caowu, the general of material strength, is Yongzhou. To the money of seven hundred thousand, for peach worm, RuFaZhen falsely. He said, "People tell Cao Wu every good scenery and recruit people to shoot a martial arts play." The emperor doubts it. Taking a picture is also wrestling. "Qi Shu" speaks and plays with his bare hands, and if he exercises, he learns to fight again.

Sui Shu: a young essay written by Liu Mi, who became an assistant minister in Sui Dynasty the following week. Shang Shuyun said, "Since modern times, the people of Duyi have played a corner game every 15th day of the first month, and handed each other a compliment. As for the moose fee. Please ban it. "

There is a Tao's son in Sui, a native of Benhu County. Being a monk, being a monk, being despised by the public, and passing the law. Angry at his bullying, he complained bitterly to Guanyin. When I went back to my mother, I slept in the courtyard tree, and my mouth spit three liters. My mother exclaimed. Someone left three donkeys carrying tendons to the dream, so that they could spit them out and start to carry them. When they heard their mother shout, they felt sleepy. I feel strong, but I don't think much of lifting things. When Xifan tried his hand at the North Gate, he was invincible, and Emperor Wen suffered from it. Imperial edict, make wrestling with the conference semifinals. Those who are strong make it through, in order to smash the red bean wheat.

In the calendar of Tang Bao, the three halls were revered, and friends and donkeys bowed their horns in the inner gardens of the teaching workshops of the two armies. The play is full. If there are broken heads and broken arms, let's make it three o'clock. In the early years of Mu Zong's accession to the throne, fortunately, he planned the army, watched all kinds of dramas, and said, "Yan Fang". On March 1 ST, fortunately, the left and right armies and the royal gates watched the drama. In the first year of Changqing, Yunyang arrived at Zhang Li, who rode Kang Xian's money in the feather forest. Drunk and angry, I will die a few times. Kennan bought it at the age of fourteen, struck his head with a wooden stick, broke the limit and died. The punishments replied, saying, "Kangmai learned how to be a son when he was a child. Although a murderer deserves to die, his father can mourn and reduce his death by one degree."

Literati Sect held a Chinese Cold Food Festival, which was dedicated to the government building and watching the horns.

in the third year of Taihe, Duke Du of Jingzhao ruled Shu, which was cool and easy for military and political affairs. At the top of the mountain, Nan Man plundered the city with soldiers, and many scholars were scattered. Those who have good horns in the state of punishment are helpless and embarrassed, and they are sitting under the Buddhist temple. There will be three barbarians rushing in, pretending to say, "Wang is in a hurry, and he will continue to send 7 thousand troops." Sitting on the monk, he said, "Can I see the list?" They said, "Why not?" Before the exhibition. The monk pulled it, pulled its head and fell into the well. I am leaving. (Out of "Chengdu Ji")

"Xing Wu Zalu" says: In July, the Mid-Autumn Festival, the customs are good at wrestling and sumo wrestling, and the clouds and autumn are disgusting.

"Youyang Miscellaneous" says: Zhang Fen used to be Wei Nankang's marching master and devoted himself to manpower. Hold a seven-foot card and bow half a tower. Elastic five buckets, with new mud-coated marbles, playing the word "the world is peaceful" You can also throw your fist on the pillow and walk ten times without falling.

In the middle of the light, Wang Bian, the left god strategist, went to the town by Zhen Wujun, arranged for the second time, and ordered the horn to snap. There was a champion who was invincible, and the commander-in-chief was strong, so he invited three people to fight against him, and they all lost. At one time, a scholar was at the end of the table and told the handsome, "Some one has won." The commander-in-chief made terrible remarks and insisted on inviting the enemy. The scholar stepped down into the kitchen and came out later. Then he lifted his clothes, shook his left fist, smiled at the quaker and said, "It only takes one finger to fall down." When the scholar looked at each other angrily, he quickly showed his left hand. Those who arrived at the shore fell down in ignorance and laughed together. The scholar came out slowly, holding his hand and boarding the table. The commander-in-chief said to him, "This generation is afraid of sauce. When I put it on my palm, this person saw it and really fell down. " The coach laughed heartily.

Tang Xizong ascended the throne at a young age, and was favored by the officials. Most of them used people who fought ducks, fought ducks, and stood in the inner garden, waiting for the call of death. When he was able to March, he called the famous wild boar Xi You, saying, "I will March as a scholar, but I will win the first prize." The wild boar said, "If you meet Yao Shunyu and Tang Zhiju, your majesty will inevitably fall behind." The emperor is just laughing.

After the Tang Dynasty, there were many sects, and they were fond of showing off their superiority and playing opera. Or cloud: "I can play this play." Taste the king's gate and say, "Win and fight, support the queen mother." He also made an appointment first: "You can't give in more." The number of people who thanked them after the door was closed was four, and they also said, "You are the one who fell with one punch, and you are temperate." And the hand, the fruit is a punch and the servant. Seek out the special envoy of Youzhou.

Zhang and Han Za, the leaders of Daning Square in Tang Jingzhao, stabbed his left arm and said, "Life is not afraid of Yan Luowang."

Tang Wanglinu hired a stabbing worker to stab him in the chest, making a mountain pavilion and waterside pavilion, where trees, birds and animals were well prepared.

I don't know who Yang He, a chess player in the Tang Dynasty, is. He is an easy-going chess player, and he wrote the Four Tones Bureau Map, which is very well known. Stop at the military government, and the department will be a member of the army. And good sumo, tall, hard-earned, will play against others. Xian Tong, swim in the river. After playing chess in the monk temple, I asked if there were any horns among the monks. The monk said, "They are all living in old age, and they are pleased with the strength of the army. They are willing to look at it from the threshold." The river only takes off take off your coat, and starts from the court with his feet, then shakes the silks and stones, and then throws them high with his hands, then hits them like a hammer.

Tang Hao only trusted the people of Jiangling, and gathered men to fight with private forces. Taste the Cold Food Festival, and