The following three people have contributed to solving the peace problem in the Middle East and won the Nobel Peace Prize

The first one: Yasser Arafat

< p>Yasser Arafat was born in Jerusalem in August 1929. He is a Sunni Muslim. After the first Middle East war broke out in 1948, Arafat, who was only 19 years old, began to devote himself to the fight against Israel. In the 1950s, he secretly prepared the "Palestinian National Liberation Movement" ("Fatah" for short) and its military organization "Storm" commandos in Kuwait. After the third Middle East war, Arafat has been in exile.

In February 1969, Arafat began to serve as Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Palestine Liberation Organization, and since 1971 he has also served as Commander-in-Chief of the Palestinian Revolutionary Armed Forces. In November 1988, the 19th special session of the Palestinian National Council adopted the Declaration of Independence and declared the establishment of the Palestinian state. On April 2 of the following year, Arafat was elected as the president of the Palestinian state. Since then, Arafat has appeared on the world political stage as a symbol of the Palestinian nation.

When the Middle East peace process began in 1991, Arafat led the Palestine Liberation Organization to conduct difficult negotiations with Israel. In September 1993, Palestine and Israel signed the Declaration of Principles of Palestinian Autonomy in Washington, thus kicking off the political settlement of the Palestinian issue. In May 1994, Palestine began to implement self-government in Gaza and Jericho. In July, Arafat ended 27 years of exile and settled back in Gaza. In January 1996, Palestine held its first general election in history, and Arafat was elected chairman of the Palestinian National Authority (autonomous government).

Arafat had an ill-fated fate. During his struggle for national independence, he encountered multiple assassinations and other dangers by Israeli agents, but he saved the day every time. Since the large-scale bloody conflict between Palestine and Israel broke out in September 2000, Israel has repeatedly accused Arafat of being the "mastermind behind" terrorism. Therefore, since the end of 2001, Arafat has been under "house arrest" in his official residence in Ramallah by Israel, and his personal safety was once seriously threatened. The U.S. government has also exerted tremendous pressure on the Palestinian Authority. In June 2002, US President Bush stated that "Palestine must change its leadership," which made Arafat's situation even more difficult.

In order to promote Palestinian-Israeli peace talks, the Palestinian National Authority carried out reforms in March 2003 and established the position of prime minister. However, as the Israeli-Palestinian conflict became tense again, Israel once again blamed Arafat. On September 11, the Israeli Security Cabinet decided to expel Arafat from Palestine "in principle" on the grounds that Arafat was a "stumbling block to peace." Government officials even claimed that killing Arafat was an option.

Arafat had an ill-fated fate. During his struggle for national independence, he encountered multiple assassinations and other dangers by Israeli agents, but he saved the day every time. Since the large-scale bloody conflict between Palestine and Israel broke out in September 2000, Israel has repeatedly accused Arafat of being the "mastermind behind" terrorism. Therefore, since the end of 2001, Arafat has been under "house arrest" in his official residence in Ramallah by Israel, and his personal safety was once seriously threatened. The U.S. government has also exerted tremendous pressure on the Palestinian Authority. In June 2002, US President Bush stated that "Palestine must change its leadership," which made Arafat's situation even more difficult.

Since 2004, the Israeli government has continuously issued threats to Arafat. Following the "targeted killings" of Hamas leaders Yassin and Rantisi, senior Israeli officials have hinted in public on many occasions that Arafat may be the target of the next attack. Sharon has also repeatedly declared that he will no longer abide by the commitment agreed with the United States not to harm Arafat. On September 22, Sharon stated that it would use the same tactics as Yassin and Rantisi to deal with Arafat at the appropriate time. Facing the threat from Israel, Arafat said: "No one can drive me away."

Due to the long-term "house arrest" by Israel, Arafat's health deteriorated, October 27, 2004 , his health condition deteriorated. With the permission of Israel, Arafat went to Paris via Jordan for medical treatment on the 29th. He walked out of the official residence where he had been trapped for nearly three years and left the land of Palestine.

Peace is Arafat’s lifelong pursuit. Arafat once said famously: "I came here with an olive branch and a gun of a freedom fighter. Please don't let the olive branch fall from my hands." In recognition of Arafat's contribution to peace, in September 1993, the United Nations UNESCO awarded him the "Boigny Peace Prize". In 1994, Arafat, together with Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and Foreign Minister Shimon Peres, won the Nobel Peace Prize.

For the sake of the liberation of the Palestinian nation, it was not until the autumn of 1991 that the 62-year-old Arafat married Miss Suha, who was 34 years younger than him. I have a daughter on my knees.

On November 11, 2004, Arafat died of illness in Paris, France, at the age of 75.

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Second: Peres, interim chairman of the Israeli Labor Party

Shimon· Shimon Peres was born in a small village in Poland (now Belarus) on August 21, 1923. His family immigrated to Palestine in 1924, and in 1934 he came to Israel, which was under the British mandate at the time. At first, he worked as a shepherd boy on a collective farm in the Izreel Valley. His name was Persky at that time. During a long trip, he climbed a big tree and scared away a big eagle that landed on the tree. A fellow zoologist said to him, "This is a Perez." ” From then on, he changed his name to Perez. He was educated in Tel Aviv and Ben Sherman Youth Village. He studied hard when he was young, once determined to be an agricultural engineer, and also studied the works of Marx. Later, he became a member of the Labor Party movement and also joined the secret Jewish Self-Defense Forces.

In 1946, he attended the 22nd World Zionist Congress in Switzerland. In 1947, at the request of a head of the Jewish Self-Defense Forces, he was specifically responsible for the procurement of weapons. In 1948, he was appointed head of naval affairs in the Israeli Ministry of Defense. During the Arab-Israeli war, he served as the head of the Israeli Ministry of Defense's mission to the United States. At the same time, he studied at New York University and the School of Business Administration affiliated with Harvard University, and graduated from the Department of Political Science at Harvard University. In 1952, he was appointed Deputy Director of the General Office of the Israeli Ministry of Defense and was promoted to Director at the end of the same year until 1959. During this period, he was responsible for the development of Israel's arms industry and, with French help, built Israel's first nuclear reactor in the Negev Desert. In 1959, he was appointed Deputy Minister of Defense. In 1965, he founded the Israeli Workers' Party with Ben-Gurion and served as general secretary. He was re-elected as a member of Parliament in the general election of the same year. In 1969, he was appointed Minister of Economic Development and "Refugee" Resettlement in the Occupied Territories. In 1970, he was appointed Minister of Posts and Transport. In March 1974, he was appointed Minister of Information. In June 1974, he was appointed Minister of Defense. In 1975, he participated in the negotiations for the disengagement of Egyptian and Israeli forces. In April 1977, he was elected chairman of the Israeli Labor Party (a merger of the Workers' Party and two other labor parties). Appointed Prime Minister in September 1984. Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister in October 1986. In December 1988, he was appointed Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance. In July 1992, he was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs. After Rabin was killed on November 4, 1995, he became acting prime minister of Israel. In November 1995, he was appointed Prime Minister and Minister of Defense. In June 1997, he won the election for the chairmanship of the Labor Party. In June 1999, he served as interim speaker of the 15th Israeli Knesset. In July 1999, he was appointed Israel's Minister of Regional Cooperation. In March 2001, he was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs, and in September he was appointed Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs. Resigned in October 2002. In February 2003, he was appointed interim speaker of the Israeli Parliament. After Labor Party Chairman Mizner resigned in June 2003, Perez became Chairman of the Labor Party and served until June 2004. In January 2004, the Israeli Labor Party decided to extend Peres' term as chairman of the Labor Party until December 2005. On November 30, 2005, Perez announced his resignation from the Labor Party.

Peres is considered the architect of the Middle East peace process. In 1994, Peres, together with the late Prime Minister Rabin and Palestinian leader Arafat, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize that year for promoting the landmark Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements between Israel and Palestine. . Peres was also awarded the "Bowani Peace Prize" by UNESCO in 1993, and was awarded the Philadelphia Medal of Freedom in 1996 together with King Hussein of Jordan. /ziliao/2003-06/20/xinsimple_274bded0d66942a582b1f74e296b0904.jpg

Third: The late Israeli Prime Minister Rabin who dedicated his life to peace in the Middle East

Yitzhak Rabin ) was born in Jerusalem on March 1, 1922, grew up in Tel Aviv, and was educated at agricultural schools and the University of Miami in the United States. Rabin joined the "Palmacher Commandos" (Jewish secret armed organization) at the end of 1940. During World War II, he participated in the Allied forces' operations behind enemy lines in Syria. In 1946, he rescued Jewish immigrants imprisoned by the British in the Atlit concentration camp. , was detained by the British authorities and released in November of the same year. Rabin served as the commander of the "Harel" Brigade during the first Arab-Israeli War in 1948 and fought on the front lines in Jerusalem. At the time of the armistice, he was the commander of the "Negev" brigade. After the war, he served as a member of the Israeli military delegation and participated in the armistice negotiations held in Rhode Island. From 1950 to 1952, he served as the Chief of Operations of the Israeli General Staff. From 1953 to 1954, he studied at the Canterbury Staff College in the United Kingdom. After returning to China, he served as the Chief of the Military Training Department of the Israeli General Staff from 1954 to 1956, and was promoted to major general. From 1956 to 1959, he served as commander of the Northern Military Region. From 1959 to 1963, he served as director of the Operations Bureau and deputy chief of the General Staff Headquarters. From 1964 to 1968, he served as chief of the general staff.

On November 4, 1995, Rabin gave a speech at a rally before his assassination

Rabin was the leader of the third Arab-Israeli war - the 1967 "June 5th" war. the main organizer and commander. Rabin retired from politics in January 1968. In the same year, he was appointed ambassador to the United States. In 1973, he returned to his country as Minister of Labor. In January 1974, he was elected as a member of the parliament. In 1974, Rabin was elected as the leader of the Labor Party. In May of the same year, he became the Prime Minister of the Cabinet. From 1974 to In 1975, he also served as Minister of Transportation. He served as leader of the Labor Party from 1974 to April 1977. In April 1977, Mrs. Rabin resigned after it was revealed that she had illegally deposited money in the United States. From September 1984 to 1990, in the coalition government organized by the Labor Party and the Likud Party, Rabin served as Minister of Defense. In February 1992, Rabin was re-elected as chairman of the Labor Party. In June 1992, the Labor Party won the Israeli election and Rabin became Prime Minister. After becoming prime minister, Rabin played an active role in promoting the Middle East peace process.

In September 1993, UNESCO awarded Rabin the "Boigny Peace Prize". In 1994, Rabin won the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to promote the Middle East peace process. In the same year, he won the "Prince of Asturias 1994 International Cooperation Award".

Rabin visited China in October 1993.

On November 4, 1995, he was shot dead by an Israeli extreme right-wing extremist after participating in a peace rally attended by 100,000 people in Tel Aviv. He died after unsuccessful rescue efforts. He was 73 years old. He was buried in Mount Herzl National Cemetery, west of Jerusalem. Flags at the United Nations Headquarters were flown at half-mast throughout the day on November 6 in memory of Rabin, and United Nations Secretary-General Boutros Boutros Boutros Boutros-Ghali attended his funeral.

Mrs Lea Rabin.

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