There are many kinds of plants and flowers on the water and the ground, which are worth cherishing. Tao Yuanming only loves chrysanthemums in Jin Dynasty. Since the Tang Dynasty, people all over the world have loved peony very much. I only like lotus flowers. It grows from the sludge, but it is not polluted. It was washed in clean water, but it was not attractive. Its stem runs through the middle, its shape is straight, unconnected, unbranched, its fragrance is more fragrant, it stands upright and clean, but it can't be played with her from a distance.

In my opinion, chrysanthemum is a hermit in flowers; Peony is a rich person in flowers; Lotus is a gentleman among flowers.

Alas! People who love chrysanthemums have rarely heard of them since Tao Yuanming. People who love lotus flowers, who else is like me? As for people who love peony, the number is of course large!

"Shuo" is one of the ancient literary styles, and it often expresses its will by describing things. Zhou Dunyi's "Love Lotus" is a rare masterpiece in this style.

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Zhou Dunyi, a native of the Northern Song Dynasty, was famous all his life, not Wen Da. His character is noble, as Huang Tingjian, a great writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, said: "His character is very high, and his mind is free and easy, like a romantic moon ..." And his masterpiece On Ailian is the spiritual refraction reflected by his drunken mentality.

Lotus is the object of admiration in literati's works throughout the ages, but most literati are amazed at its beautiful posture and simple appearance and shape it into a pen; However, this excellent essay has a unique way. Through the description of the image and quality of the lotus flower, it praises the faithful character of the lotus flower, and also shows the author's noble personality and generous mind.

From the content point of view, this paper can be clearly divided into two parts: the first part tries to describe the image of hibiscus noble; The second part reveals the metaphorical meaning of the lotus, comments on three flowers and expresses the author's deep sigh for the lotus itself.

In the first part of the article, I wrote that the beauty of lotus lies in its "net" character. First of all, "Lotus grows out of mud without being stained, and lotus grows out of hibiscus without being demon" writes the valuable spirit of lotus growing out of mud without being stained, which does not follow the secular, self-love and naive nature. Secondly, it is "straight outside and straight inside, not loose", which shows its noble quality of being connected inside and outside, straight outside and inward, consistent outside and inward, and not involved in clinging; Once again, "You can watch from a distance, don't play with it", and write that Lotus is like an arrogant gentleman, and will never be lightly played by Shu Ren.

Everything mentioned above is actually a portrayal of the author's personality and a self-evident mind, which can be proved from the second part of the article. As the author said, "Who gave the lotus love?" The subtext is that there are too few people with pure lotus flowers like him.

In terms of writing, the two novels have a common feature, that is, they express their will by supporting things. Starting with "getting out of the mud without staining", the article depicts the bearing and style of lotus flowers with strong colors, which places the author's affirmation and pursuit of ideal personality, and also reflects the author's contempt for the secular mentality of pursuing wealth and fame and his pursuit of a clean and honest life. At the same time, the article also uses the method of comparison and contrast, and compares the beauty of lotus with chrysanthemum and peony several times in the article; It also compares the seclusion of chrysanthemum, the wealth of peony and the nobleness of lotus, so that one of the themes of "Love Lotus" can be deepened, without empty preaching, but through the comparison of three images, it plays a role in highlighting the center and deepening the artistic conception, and the technique can be described as extremely ingenious. Moreover, the word "love" runs through the whole article, which makes the article structure rigorous. At the end of the article, the author laments that there are few real hermits, few noble gentlemen and many vulgar people who are greedy for money, which is intriguing and thought-provoking.

This poem is also very distinctive in language, that is, it is beautiful and concise, and it is indeed as beautiful as a lotus-"no branches and no vines", and there is no superfluous and useless language.

The beautiful quality of lotus.

There is a poem in Li Sao, the masterpiece of Qu Yuan, the first poet in the ages: "Make lotus flowers as clothes, and pick hibiscus as clothes." In order to express his determination not to do as the Romans do, poets should wear clothes with rich fragrance made of lotus flowers. Here, the image of lotus not only symbolizes the poet's noble quality and graceful accomplishment, but also shows the poet's strong passion and fantastic imagination and the romantic characteristics of the immortal masterpiece Li Sao.

"Jiangnan can pick lotus, lotus leaf Tian Tian. Fish are frolicking among the lotus leaves. Fish plays lotus leaf east, fish plays lotus leaf west, fish plays lotus leaf south and fish plays lotus leaf north. " This is a very fresh and beautiful poem in Yuefu folk songs in Han Dynasty. In this poem, "lotus" refers to both the real Hualien and the sympathetic homophonic word "pity". The love between men and women is vividly compared with a fish hitting a lotus leaf. With the beautiful water town in the south of the Yangtze River as the background, the hero and heroine who picked lotus rocked the boat and sang pure and beautiful love freely. What a fresh picture!

Brief introduction of the author

Zhou Dunyi (10 17— 1073)

China was a thinker and philosopher in Song Dynasty. Originally named Dunshi. Mao Shu, whose real name is Lianxi, is from Yingdao County, Daozhou (now Daoxian County, Hunan Province). Zheng Xiang, a bachelor of Longtuge, was the master of Ren Fen Ning (Xiushui), transferred Nan 'an Army Manager to join the army, moved to Guiyang and Nanchang, and was sentenced by Hezhou Judge and Ganzhou. When Ning first learned about Chenzhou, he was transferred to Guangdong as a judge and was sentenced to jail. Wherever I go, I have made great achievements. "In Hezhou County for four years, the people are convinced that the official has no husband's hand and dares not be the master." In his later years, he learned about Nankang Army, where he ruled today's Xing Zi County. I have been to Lushan Mountain and was attracted by its scenery. In his own poem, I said, "I have loved Lushan Mountain for a long time, and I bought Tian Shanyin." Because the house is built under the Lotus Peak of Lushan Mountain, there is a stream in front of it, which joins the Ganjiang River. Named after the former residence of Lianxi Yingdao, he later settled here and moved the tomb of his mother Zheng, who was originally in his hometown, to Sanqi Mountain, Qingquanshe, Lushan Mountain. Dunyi died and was buried next to his mother's grave. The descendants live in Jiangzhou, and the descendants are Mianyan.

Zhou Dunyi is the founder of China's Neo-Confucianism, and his Neo-Confucianism plays a connecting role in the history of China's philosophy. Huang Zongxi, a scholar in the Qing Dynasty, said in the case of Confucianism in the Song Dynasty: "Since Confucius, Chinese Confucianism has only learned to pass on the classics, and it has been a long time since then. The rise of Cheng Cheng's successor Yuan Gong ... If we discuss the subtleties of mind, nature and justice, we will break the darkness of several Yuan Gong. " He inherited the Book of Changes and some thoughts of Taoism, and put forward a simple and systematic theory of the composition of the universe, saying that "Tai Chi is infinite" and "Tai Chi" moves without moving, resulting in everything of yin and yang. "Everything is born with endless changes, but people have to show their beauty, which is the most spiritual ("Tai Chi Map ")." The sage also imitated "Tai Chi" to establish "human pole". "The extreme of human beings" means "sincerity", which is "the wood of the five permanent members, the source of all kinds of actions, and the highest state of morality". Only through the main static, no desire, can we achieve this state. In the following 700 years, it had a wide academic influence, and his philosophical categories, such as infinity, Tai Chi, Yin and Yang, five elements, sports, life, good and evil, became the research topics of later Neo-Confucianism.

Zhou Dunyi was not respected before his death and his academic status was not high. People only know that he is "outstanding in political affairs" and "outstanding in official career", especially "aiming at the mountains", with a free and easy mind and a fairy wind. However, no one knows his Neo-Confucianism. Only Cheng Taizhong, a judge in Nan 'an, knew that his Neo-Confucianism attainments were profound and sent his two sons, Cheng Hao and Huang Cheng, to his door. The latter two are famous neo-Confucianists. Hu Hong, a scholar in the Southern Song Dynasty, highly praised the study of Dunyi, while Zhu, a master of Neo-Confucianism, highly praised him, stood up for him and commented on Taiji Shuo and Yi Tong. Zhang (Mu) called him "the Taoist priest" and his reputation grew. Jiujiang, Daozhou and Nan 'an built Lianxi Temple in memory of him, and Ning Zongci was posthumous title's Yuan, so Dunyi was also called "". In the period of Li Zong, Zhou Dunyi's position as the founder of Neo-Confucianism was confirmed by worshipping Confucius Temple.

Zhou Dunyi's temperament is simple. He said, "Taro dishes can die for many years. Silk cloth is food and clothing, warm and rich, and Corning is priceless. I am willing to cover it, and I am humble and sincere." He believed in the ancient faith since he was a child, and "honed himself with honor." He has never been greedy for money in his life and loves to talk about fame and fortune. He believes that "a gentleman values Tao, and he is safe and rich". Although he is an official in various places, his salary is very small. Even so, when he came to Jiujiang, he gave his savings to the clan in his hometown.

Zhou Dunyi loves elegant, dignified, beautiful and clean lotus flowers. After learning the news of Nankang Army, he dug a pond to grow lotus flowers on the east side of the mansion. This pond is called Ailian Pool, which is more than ten feet wide. There is a stone platform in the middle, a hexagonal pavilion on the platform and a zigzag bridge on both sides. He often strolls in Chi Pan in midsummer, admiring the lotus floating in the wind and reciting the lotus of love. Since then, Lianchi has been well known.

The Yanshui Pavilion in Jiujiang was originally built by Zhou Dunyi. Because the pavilion is in the middle of the lake and looks like the moon, it is named "Moon Immersion Pavilion". Later, he continued to advocate waste, taking the artistic conception of "thin cage smoke on the top of the mountain" and renamed it "Yanshui Pavilion". In the seventeenth year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty, inspector Cui Lunqi restored the Yu Yan Pavilion and established the Five Sages Pavilion, and Zhou Dunyi was named one of the Five Sages. There are Lianxi Road and Lianxi Neighborhood Committee in Jiujiang City.

Zhou Dunyi is the author of Zhou Ziquan's book. Lianxi Academy is his lecture platform, and his theory has a great influence on the development of Neo-Confucianism in the future.

Zhou Dunyi is an advocate of systematic discussion on the origin of the world as a philosophical issue.

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In the fourth year of Song Xining (A.D. 107 1), Zhou Dunyi, a famous neo-Confucian, came to Xing Zi with Nankang Army. Zhou Dunyi was honest and indifferent, and loved Lian all his life. After Zhou Dunyi came to Xing Zi, he dug a pond on the east side of Junya and planted all the lotus flowers. When Zhou Dunyi came to Yukiko, he was old (55 years old) and sickly, so whenever he was alone after dinner, he invited friends from the three or five aides to enjoy flowers and tea in Chi Pan and wrote a well-known essay "Love Lotus". Although The Story of Ailian is short, it has been told by people all the time. A year later, Zhou Dunyi resigned due to old age and infirmity, and settled in a church at the northwest foot of Lushan Mountain to give lectures. He left behind the lotus pond and the article "Love Lotus", which has always been cherished by future generations.

In the sixth year of Xichun (AD 1 179), Zhu was transferred to Nankang Zhijun. With admiration for Zhou Dunyi, he rebuilt the lotus pond and established the Lotus Hall. He got the ink of Zhou Dunyi's "Ailian Shuo" from Zhi Qing Zhou, Zhou's great grandson, and asked someone to carve it on a stone and by the pool. Zhu wrote a poem: it is unusual to hear the roots move to a jade well and flowers bloom for ten miles; The bright moon is high and cold, and no one sees it, only for the husband to grow up. Appreciation of "The Theory of Ailian" focuses on "getting rid of the mud without dyeing, and clearing the lotus without evil", which is the central theme of the full text. The ancients generally used things to express their feelings. The same sentence has two meanings, one is metaphor and the other is expression. Similarly, "Stained with mud but not stained, clear lotus is not demon" also has a second meaning. Metaphorically, the author himself has the noble character of "emerging from mud without dyeing, purifying lotus without demon". In fact, what he means is that officialdom is dark, so it is as difficult for you to maintain a noble character in officialdom as it is for a lotus to emerge from the mud without being defiled.

This is also a summary of his experience as an official, because he doesn't want to go along with it. And "Zhuo Qing Lian has no demon" is just a good wish of the author. Walking by the river often, how can you not wet your shoes? Therefore, it is commendable to be able to stand alone in a hundred flowers. This is also the author's sigh, because he can't be immune to the big environment, except to escape and stay away. Or, like him, guard one of his festivals conscientiously. Zhou Dunyi's "Love Lotus Theory" began with "the flowers of land and water vegetation are very lovely".

The opening part is profound and atmospheric, which not only points out that the lotus in Ailian is also a flower of land and water, but also points out that the lotus is lovely, and it is just one of the "extraordinary" people. This laid a logical foreshadowing for his "single love lotus" below. So, the pen is extraordinary and eye-catching. Next, Zhou Dunyi did not entangle in Fan Fan, but simply narrowed down the scene. The sentence "Tao Jin loves chrysanthemums" makes this question more clear. Tao Yuanming can express his feelings by loving chrysanthemums. How can I not love Lotus alone? The next sentence, "Since Li Tang came, the world loves peonies very much", which seems to be repetitive, but actually deepens the meaning. Moreover, this sentence makes the sense of contrast stronger, and it also paves the way for him to seek the nobility of lotus. Zhou Dunyi's love for lotus flowers is different from Tao Jin Yuanming's love for chrysanthemums. In order to keep a noble and pure life, he would rather die in Nanshan. He wants to be a gentleman in the world. This mentality of staying innocent in a dirty world and seeking truth alone is essentially different from the herd mentality that everyone envies wealth (peony). This paves the way for Ailian's theory of "getting out of the mud without being stained".

The next sentence, Zhou Dunyi, goes straight to the theme, "Love lotus is not stained with mud, clear lotus is not demon, and communicates directly with the outside world, but it is not a play from a distance." Writing the language of lotus, loving lotus and expressing Yu Lian's ambition can be described in one go, which seems to be an intuitive description of lotus. In fact, every word is based on the appearance of the lotus. The exquisiteness of this pen is amazing. It can be said that the whole reader has no chance to breathe. The language is extraordinary, but the aftertaste is meaningful and long, and the more delicious it is, the more delicious it is. At the end of the article, Zhou Dunyi first takes flowers as a metaphor, and makes the characteristics of flowers compare with people. Although dull, the metaphor is to the point, which makes people have a different taste. "To" chrysanthemum, flower hermit escape also; Peony, blooming with wealth; Lotus, the gentleman of flowers. This plain sentence is followed by "Tao Jin loves chrysanthemums roundly; Since Li Tanglai, the world loves peony very much; Love the lotus alone ... "It can be said that it is seamless without any trace. More importantly, the metaphor of flowers vividly describes Tao Yuanming's isolation and pursuit of a prosperous life, without a word of direct accusation.

Through this comparison, Zhou Dunyi compared himself to a gentleman. It is better to avoid the world than to be a gentleman. From this perspective, Zhou Dunyi is somewhat narcissistic. However, Zhou Dunyi also had some self-knowledge, and then he sighed deeply, "The love between chrysanthemums and flowers is unknown after pottery;" Who gave the lotus love? Peony love is suitable for all ages. "Yes, the world of mortals is rolling, and how many people can avoid the world for a reason? There was Tao Yuanming in Jin, but I haven't heard of anyone who can do it now. Or, like me, how many people in the world can stay together in a pure and gentlemanly manner like me? Most people just follow the crowd in the world of mortals. It can be seen from this that Zhou Dunyi is arrogant, and his mentality of seeking purity without conformity is commendable in the secular world. He lamented that it was because the world was getting worse and worse, and most people were defiled by it. This article is elegant and refined, concise and catchy, and it is really a rare short story in ancient Chinese. Moreover, it has a double interpretation, heavy content and far-reaching artistic conception. In addition, its writing is similar to that of the vernacular, which is easy to read and understand, so it has become a masterpiece handed down from generation to generation. When enjoying this article, if you can be moved by the chronicle in the article, this is the best income from reading this article.

A New Interpretation of the Theme of Ailian Shuo The same metaphor is either positive or negative, which is called two-sided treatment. Lotus grows in the sludge, but its roots are still white and clean, and its flowers are still fragrant and elegant. Throughout the ages, it is often used to describe the noble quality of people, and it is not stained with mud. For example, Historical Records and Biography of Qu Yuan adopted Liu Anzan's Qu Yuan's Mud Without Me. Mr. Qian pointed out that "calling lotus a noble person" and "expressing ambition" is a common saying of the stone family and a compliment. But after entering the Ming Dynasty, this metaphor changed and gradually became a good name for prostitutes. For example, the book "Lotus in the Green Mud" records all the talented prostitutes. The title of the book is called "Lotus in the Green Mud", which means that they are humble and noble. Qian's evaluation of female writers and Liu praised them with "self-help mud" and "lotus flowers in mud", which was already derogatory. Zhou Dunyi, a pioneer of Neo-Confucianism, wrote The Theory of Love Lotus, which is highly praised by historians. Its theme "The Theory of Teaching Fingers" is quite representative: the author shows a noble interest by praising the lotus. As for the specific connotation of this "noble taste", the Teaching Reference and many appreciation articles are confidential. In my opinion, the inner thought of Ailian's Theory is worth discussing.

Mr. Qian Zhongshu pointed out that "Lotus is often talked about by stone scholars as a noble person", and ridiculed Zhou Dunyi's famous sentence "Love Lotus only grows out of mud and is not stained" as "although the famous sentence is sung, it is suspected of learning from others" (pages 322 and 624). Qian's definition of the causes of Buddhism is a key to understand the main idea of this article.

A man of noble character

1. Ideal personality-gentleman

"Benevolence" is the highest realm of Confucian ethics, but, as far as personal cultivation is concerned, "gentleman" is its ideal personality model. Zeng Shen emphasized that "a gentleman makes friends with his words and helps others with his friends" (The Analects of Confucius? Yan Yuan "). Try to establish a gentleman to help realize the cultivation of benevolence or put the high standard of benevolence into concrete practice-gentleman's personality. ?

Confucius once said: "A gentleman has Jiu Si: he can see clearly, listen attentively, look gently, look respectfully, speak faithfully, think respectfully, ask questions in doubt, think hard, and see what he thinks." ("The Analects of Confucius Ji's") is relatively extensive, but it only tells the truth in all aspects of words and deeds. Zeng Shen entered more specific requirements. He said: "gentlemen have three expenses, and diet is not one of them." A gentleman has three pleasures, and Zhong Qing is not one of them ... It is a pleasure to have an awesome relative, a gentleman who works and a son who is left behind. Having relatives to be afraid, a king to go and a son to be angry are two kinds of pleasures; There are gentlemen to compare with, and friends to help. These three pleasures are also ... It is also a cost to learn less and forget long. If you do something meritorious, you will lose it, and if you do, you will lose both. Keep friends for a long time, and you will never get them. These three expenses are also incurred. . "In addition, Ceng Zi Shili has many strict requirements for gentlemen, such as:" All gentlemen are happy to enjoy the happiness of others, and are courteous to others. Those who come unprepared and those who leave unintentionally. The deceased does not slander and is innocent, which can be described as loyalty. A gentleman is respectful but not difficult, comfortable but not comfortable, humble but not flattering, generous but not vertical, generous but not frugal, straight but not going, which can be described as the unity of knowledge and action. "He also said:" When a gentleman enters a country, he is not shy, not forbidden, not obedient to Chinese clothes, and not afraid of risks. So he said: "It is better to be frugal than to be extravagant; It's better than embarrassment. "

Obviously, the definition of a gentleman is much more specific and strict than "Jiu Si", although it is not beyond the scope of "Jiu Si". In the whole history of China's ideology and culture, this style of mentoring inheritance is very representative. Because the Zeng Shen school is too strict with the "gentleman", it sometimes reveals some Taoist flavor. The article "Ceng Zi Shili" also said: "A gentleman is never too small, nor is he too small. If people know, they will be willing. If others don't know, they will know. A gentleman should keep it for life. " "A gentleman sees profit and is ashamed, evil and ashamed, lewd and ashamed, angry and bitter. The gentleman will keep this battle for life. " Although this cautious attitude towards life is basically within the scope of Confucianism, it is obvious that the logic of Taoism is used to demand gentlemen, and its tendency of passive avoidance is obvious. This tendency may have been avoided by Zeng Shen at the beginning, but the development of ideas, like many others, can be involved, and it will be difficult to grasp its own deformation after a certain degree. Zeng Shen's requirements for gentleman's cultivation.

2. The concept of modern people

What is a gentleman?

Also want to borrow the metaphor of the ancients:

Confucius called him a "villain" when he swore, and there is a famous saying that "a gentleman is righteous and a villain benefits." The oldest gentleman

Meaning, mainly refers to educated people with good moral character, while ordinary people have no opportunity to receive education, so they are also with uneducated people.

People with high moral character are also called "villains" ...

What is a gentleman?

To borrow a friend's words:

At dinner, talking about "what is a good man", I asked my friend, do you think you are a good man?

He thought for a moment and said, "I don't know what the definition of a good man is, but I am a man of my word and can be called a' gentleman', because the definition of a gentleman is that he has a sense of responsibility and doesn't promise easily, but he can definitely keep his word." Of course, he will say whatever he says and judge the crux of the matter. In modern society, it is difficult to be responsible for various interpersonal relationships and roles. "

I also thought about it and replied: "In fact, not only men who are trustworthy, but also men who wait on time, don't stand in line easily, and don't act arbitrarily easily, such as' drunken crimes', can also be included as gentlemen and good men!"

In fact, we girls are shouting every day that we should find a good man, have the bearing of a gentleman and have the demeanor of a general. In fact, our requirements are not very high. Unfortunately, it may be difficult for men. Because people who bear the name of a gentleman must be very considerate of the feelings of people around them and take care of their families. Unfortunately, for gentlemen, the details of life they are used to are definitely a burden that they have never really been free and easy.

The benefits of a gentleman

It is popular to say that men are not bad and women don't love them.

Some men like to pretend to be "gentlemen", obedient to the woman they like, and make themselves fall into the gentle trap and make a 180-degree change.

Women are naturally curious animals, so they will feel puzzled, pursue, incredible, love and hate!

In fact, a careful and keen observation of a man depends not on pure superficial gentlemanly demeanor, but on knowing more about his living conditions, treating people with things and whether everyone is equal. Don't believe that the world only loves you and only pleases you. As long as he is kind to you, he will not consider anything.

The faults of a gentleman:

If you really fall in love with a gentleman, I advise you to be prepared to accompany him under pressure, because he will have many friends, a lot of entertainment and even take part in accidental amusement.

At this time, sensitive women will have a very sour taste, secretly admit bad luck, so many men in the world, why choose a gentleman and let themselves pay for him silently?

But I believe that the human heart is made of meat, and a gentleman should know how to be grateful and be full of expectations and beautiful fantasies. Because they are the most perfect in their own world, they have been expecting the perfect you to appear beside him and grow old together.

Gentleman = persistence

Because a gentleman treats things and things with dignity, it is a kind of consciousness that drives him to persist, which we can define as "persistence"

Persistent people will treat life emotionally and always pursue perfection. Because the reputation of a gentleman is gorgeous and glamorous, I sincerely wish such people can stand out, find their own goals in life and find a world of their own!

The Description of Gentleman in The Analects of Confucius

(1) "A gentleman's righteousness is beneficial to a villain." ("The Analects of Confucius")

"Righteousness" means "propriety", that is to say, a gentleman is always on the right path. The villain attaches great importance to self-interest, and it is easy to go astray driven by self-interest.

(2) "A gentleman is wild, and a villain is pregnant with soil. The gentleman is pregnant with punishment, and the villain is pregnant. " ("The Analects of Confucius")

In other words, gentlemen and villains think differently every day.

A gentleman cares about his moral restoration every day, while a villain remembers his hometown; There is always a rule and statute in a gentleman's heart that cannot be surpassed, while a villain is full of small favors.

(3) "Compassion without dispute, group without party" (The Analects of Wei Linggong).

In other words, gentlemen are gregarious. Although his heart is solemn and sacred, he never argues among a large group of people. At the same time, he will never pull gangs and seek personal gain. This is what Confucius called "gentlemen are harmonious but different" (The Analects of Confucius, Lutz). The villain is just the opposite. He is "harmonious but different" (The Analects of Lutz).

In life, we often see such a scene: when we discuss a thing, before the leader finishes, someone will immediately jump out and say, yes, yes, the leader said it well, and there are a lot of praise words such as strategic thinking and foresight; But after the meeting, he will turn to others and say, hey, what is this leader saying? I totally disagree with him!

Regarding the difference between a gentleman and a villain, Confucius has another expression, which is called "A gentleman is not as good as a week, and a villain is not as good as a villain" ("The Analects of Confucius").

Zhou can unite and take care of many people. He associates with people based on morality, so he has many like-minded friends. No matter how many friends a real gentleman has, he will make his friends feel happy and cared for like oxygen in the air. The glyph "Bi" is like two people standing side by side, indicating that the villain likes to form a small circle and he will not blend into a large group.

(4) the sentence magnanimous, a petty man is anxious and worried.. "(The Analects of Confucius)

The villain likes to collude with each other because he has a ghost in his heart and wants to seek personal gain and safeguard vested interests through this collusion. This is what the so-called "nepotism" means. The gentleman is open-minded, because he is calm and selfless, so he can be peaceful and come together with everyone sincerely.

(5) "A word from a gentleman is a promise. Don't say it; It also allows people, this device. It's easy for the villain to say something difficult. Although it doesn't matter, it is also said; It also makes people want to be prepared. " (The Analects of Confucius Lutz)

Say "Yue" and everyone will be happy. A gentleman is easy for you to get along with, but difficult for you to please. If you try to please him by unfair means, he will be unhappy instead. Never say that if you give him a small favor, he will give you the green light and open the back door. When he really uses you, he will arrange a suitable seat for you according to your talents. This is the so-called "device"

The characteristic of a villain is that you can please him easily, but it is difficult for you to get along with him. There are not a few such people in life. For example, if you give him a little favor, do him a small favor, or even buy him a drink, this person will be very happy. Even if the way you please him is immoral and unfair, he will still be happy. But it is not easy for such people to * * *. Don't think that if you win his favor for a while, he will give you a green light loyally in the future. Although you have spent a lot of effort and money to get through the joints, when he really wants to hire people, he will not arrange a job for you according to your talents. On the contrary, I feel that you are not qualified here and there, and everything you have done before is in vain. He will try his best to make things difficult for you and make you feel embarrassed. So it's hard for you to get along with such people.

"Zhouyi" said: Tian Xingjian, the gentleman constantly strives for self-improvement; The capacity of the earth is limited, so a gentleman must constantly cultivate his own virtue to undertake the world.

The last sentence, "Heaven is healthy, and gentlemen are constantly striving for self-improvement", is more widely circulated. But for two thousand years, many people know and few people can understand. Moreover, there are different explanations in academic circles. At present, there seems to be no recognized correct explanation.

Zhouyi original text

The first divination in the Book of Changes is to do work for heaven.

The elephant said: Heaven is healthy, and gentlemen are constantly striving for self-improvement. If you don't use the hidden dragon, Yang is next. See Long Zaitian, Deshipu also. Do it all day, over and over again. Or jump into the abyss and have no regrets. Fei long is in the sky, and Niu San is also there. Kang long has regrets and cannot last long. With nine, Tiande can't be the first.

……

People who work hard are also people who start from scratch. Chastity, temperament also. In the beginning, we can use beauty to benefit the world, not words. Great! What a big deal! Strong and upright, pure and free from vulgarity. Give full play to six ideas and bypass feelings. Take six dragons to rule the sky. Clouds are raining and the world is flat.

A gentleman's virtue can be seen every day. Implicit words are also hidden, but not seen, which is also used by gentlemen. A gentleman learns to gather, argue, tolerate and be kind.

The second divination, Kun Kun, is Di Kun from top to bottom.

Hunan and Guangdong: the terrain is Kun, and the gentleman carries things with virtue.

……

Classical Chinese says: Kun is soft, but dynamic and firm, quiet and virtuous, winner is constant, inclusive of everything, and turned into light. Kunqi's road is smooth sailing! Inherit the sky and do what you want. If you accumulate a good home, there will be celebration; If you accumulate bad houses, the damage will be even greater.

Interpretation 1:

I ching thinks:

Dry for the horse, Kun for the cow.

Symbolize the sky in Malay.

So it is not difficult to understand that a good horse is constantly striving for self-improvement; Kun is a cow, and cows are used to interpret people's morality.

Some ancient sentences don't need to be elaborated, but the key lies in personal taste.

Interpretation 2:

The Book of Changes says: Heaven is healthy, and gentlemen are constantly striving for self-improvement; The capacity of the earth is limited, so a gentleman must constantly cultivate his own virtue to undertake the world. "Tian Xingjian" and "Terrain Kun" lost their symmetry. What happened?

The silk book Zhouyi records that "Gan" is the key, "Tian Xingjian" is the key of heaven, "Key" is the ancient word of "Gan", and "Key" is also trained as "Sword", which are strung together:

God, okay, damn it. Fuck, Kenya.

According to the Silk Book of Changes, "Kun" means "Chuan", "Stone" means "Perseverance", "Terrain Kun" means "Earth holds Chuan", "Chuan" is the ancient word of "Kun", and "Chuan" is also trained as "Shun", which means:

Di, Cao Ye, Kun (Chuan). Kun, Shunya.

"Earth" also has the power of the original, and "holding" is "potential", so "earth holding Kun" becomes "terrain Kun". "Hold" hold; The meanings of "potential", "force" and "potential" are great.

The people's counselor transformed heaven and earth, participated in "all being", could "recover" and "see the heart of heaven and earth". Heaven and earth, three talents and two talents, walking in the middle, what is the confusion?

God forbid, fuck. Fuck, Kenya. A gentleman strives for self-improvement.

The first place, Kun. Kun, Shunya. A gentleman carries things with virtue.

Interpretation 3:

"Tian Xingjian" comes from Zhouyi: "Tian Xingjian, the gentleman strives for self-improvement" (dry divination) and "the terrain is Kun, and the gentleman carries things with morality" (Kun divination).

It means: the movement of heaven (that is, nature) is strong and healthy, and accordingly, a gentleman should be firm and eager to be strong; The potential of the earth is thick and slippery, and the gentleman is tolerant.

A gentleman should run like Tianyu, indomitable even if he is displaced; If you are a gentleman, the measurement of objects should be like the earth, and nothing can't be carried.