There are brave dogs and pigs, brave businessmen and thieves, brave villains and brave gentlemen. There is no shame in fighting for food and drink, no sense of right and wrong, no consideration of casualties, no fear of everyone's strength, and envy only sees eating and drinking. This is the courage of dogs and pigs. Doing things only for profit, fighting for money without shirking, acting decisively, being bold and inspiring, being fierce, greedy and violent, and only jealous of profits, this is the courage of businessmen and thieves.

This is a villain's desperate and tyrannical courage. In a moral place, he will not yield to power, will not disregard his own interests, and will not change his views. Although he values life, he insists on justice and is indomitable. This is the courage of a gentleman.

Second, the original text

There are brave dogs, thieves, villains and gentlemen. It is the courage of dogs to fight for food and drink, to be shameless, to know right and wrong, not to kill or hurt, not to be afraid of strong enemies, and to be greedy for food and drink. It is Jia thief's courage to strive for profit, goods and money, not to give in, to be bold and vigorous, to be greedy and violent, and to be selfish.

It is the courage of a villain to die lightly and be violent severely. It is the courage of a gentleman not to rely on powerful people, not to care about their interests, not to change the view of the whole country, not to be flexible about death and to uphold justice.

Third, the source

xunzi

Extended data

First, the creative background

Xunzi is the most important work of Confucianism at the end of the Warring States Period.

There are 32 books in Xunzi, which were written by him and his disciples to sort out or record the words and deeds of others, but their views are consistent with Xunzi's consistent views. Among the first 27 articles, there are still a few articles, such as "On Soldiers" and "Outline", which may be compiled by his students.

Second, the appreciation of works

Xunzi's thought has comprehensive characteristics because of his critical summary and absorption of various thoughts, and it is unique in Confucianism in terms of human nature, heaven and man, social morality, politics and education.

Three. Brief introduction of the author

Xunzi (about 365438 BC+03-238 BC), Ming Qing, Han nationality. It is also called "Xun" because it is taboo to announce the Emperor in the Western Han Dynasty, and because the two words "Xun" and "Sun" are homonyms. During the Warring States Period on weekends, Zhao people. A famous thinker, writer, politician and one of the representatives of Confucianism, he is known as "Xun Qing".

He went to Gong Xue, Xia Ji, the State of Qi for three times, and was later ordered by Lan Ling of Chu (now Lan Ling of Shandong). Xunzi developed Confucianism and advocated the theory of evil nature, which is often compared with Mencius' theory of good nature. It has also made considerable contributions to the collation of Confucian classics.

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