(Wang Bo)

by this wall that surrounds the three Qin districts, through a mist that makes five rivers one ②.

we bid each other a sad farewell, we two officials going opposite ways.

and yet, while China holds our friendship, and heaven remains our neighbourhood.

why should you linger at the fork of the road, children * * * with towels ③.

(Note: ① Shaofu: Tang County Commandant; Shuzhou: refers to Chongchuan City, Sichuan Province today.

② auxiliary: supporting and clamping auxiliary.

③ inaction: no. )

Note:

Du Shaofu, a friend of Wang Bo, is another name of life is unknown, the county commander of Shaofu. "Shuzhou" is called "Shuchuan". The city gate refers to Chang 'an, the capital of Shaanxi Province. Sanqin: the Guanzhong area of Shaanxi Province was Qin in ancient times. After Xiang Yu destroyed Qin, Qin was divided into three countries, namely Yong, Sai and Qu, which were called Sanqin. Its meaning is used here.

Analysis: This is a famous farewell poem by Wang Bo. It is quite different from the general farewell poems, which is full of sad feelings and has a spirit of striving for success. The 56th and 66th sentences in the poem even sublimate friendship to a higher aesthetic realm. The whole poem is a typical work of the Five Laws. From the perspective of leveling and rhyming, this poem meets the requirements of the Five Laws, but it is correct. Parallel couplets are scattered. This shows that the rhythmic poems in the early Tang Dynasty have not yet been finalized.

The author's biography: Wang Bo (649-676) was born in Longmen, Jiangzhou (now Hejin, Shanxi). He is as famous as Yang Jiong, Lu Zhaolin and Luo Binwang, and is known as the "four outstanding poets in the early Tang Dynasty". They strive to get rid of the style of Qi Liang Yan and expand the theme of poems.

I advise you to drink a glass of wine more, and go out to Yangguan for no reason.

Note: A poem titled "Song of Weicheng"

Weicheng: in the northwest of Xi 'an, Shaanxi Province, which is the ancient city of Xianyang in Qin Dynasty.

Chaoyu: the rain in the morning.

Sui: moist.

Yangguan: in the southwest of Dunhuang, Gansu Province, it is the main road to the northwest frontier since ancient times.

Brief analysis. It is better to be close to the person and his feelings when giving poems. To paraphrase the western theory of "this one", farewell must also be written as "this time". Yuan Er, whose historical records are difficult to test, is probably just a general friend of Wang Wei, not necessarily a "buddy" or a "best friend". It is hard to make Anxi do things, but it is also glorious. Wang Wei's sending Yuan Er's feelings is derived from the previous two points, and it is appropriate to express his wishes and slight regrets. Let's look at how Wang Wei handled it according to the poem:

When I started to write about the rain, I actually wrote about the good weather on the day of my mission: the rain gently moistened the earth, so that the nasty dust on the road in Yangguan would not fly all over the sky. For Yuaner, who doesn't have a red flag car to sit in, this is a special care of God. With God's care, the journey in the carriage must be safe, comfortable and faster in the future-Wang Wei didn't say "bon voyage" and "have a nice trip", but these meanings were all included in the poem.

The second sentence is about the guest house where Yuaner will leave. Although the willow branches are waiting for people to fold and bid farewell, seeing the willow will produce a little parting feelings after all. However, Wang Wei obviously wants to downplay that parting, so he emphasizes that the willow color is green, and it is even more radiant under the drizzle. The atmosphere created by the author with this sentence is cheerful rather than heavy. At this point in reading the poem, we should grasp the author's dominant emotion: he has no reason to express sorrow in the next two sentences, otherwise it will be too uncoordinated and will fail as a four-line poem.

After reading this way, the last two sentences, one "turn" and one "combination", are actually not too excited, but they just mean that after all, they are a little sorry that they can still drink together today, and "you" are out of Yang Guan, so I don't know how long it will take to get together again.

People all over the world always regard "a man who went out to Yangguan for no reason" as an understanding divorced from the whole poem and the background of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. After the prosperous Tang Dynasty, many young literati were trapped in their personal emotional circles and couldn't get out. When they saw the flowers and wept, they were sad about the moon, and they engraved their parting worries in their petty hearts. They had no idea that there were occasions when there was no sorrow in the world. Although there are no old friends going out to Yangguan in the west, there are still achievements in going out to Yangguan in the west! How can you be a woman at the time of parting! It is impossible to measure the arms of poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty with the minds of small literati. Unfortunately, however, the "study" of classical literature is more influenced by the habits of young scholars. Some people actually said that they were bleeding when they read "Out of the Yangguan Pass in the West". I sincerely hope that he won't read "Holding hands and staring at each other with tears, but he is speechless" or "A broken road gives birth to four corners, and pedestrians here pin bones" in order to avoid heart explosion.

We have some mindless prejudices, thinking that what comes out in poetry must be deep affection, but we don't know that the depth of interpersonal affection depends on the relationship. It is true that the deep is deep, but the relationship is not deep but it is written deeply, which makes it seem melodramatic and flattering, and the author's personality will be fall in price. Wang Wei and others regard personality as their lifeblood. How can he send an ordinary friend a feeling beyond ordinary?

The farewell of ordinary friends should really only be about expressing boxing wishes and slight regrets. As soon as this poem came out, many other banquets sang "Yangguan" instead of their own poems. This phenomenon just shows that the mood of Wang Wei's writing is universal and most suitable for ordinary friends to express their feelings. Just think about it, if it's just a casual acquaintance, when leaving, a certain person tears and holds hands with a certain person; Or a C is going to do big business, but a D says he hopes that the road will break and the wheels will have four corners. Isn't this a big joke? As for later, listening to the singing of "Three Layers in Yangguan" will make you feel heartbroken, which is because music has played a role that poetry did not have. < P > Wang Wei's sending Yuan Er off was probably just a social entertainment. People in officialdom, less inevitably have social parties. However, when writing poetry for entertainment, it is good to show unique cultivation. "Send Yuan Er Shi An Xi", with first-class skills. In fact, Wang Wei wrote quite a few such social poems.

at hibiscus inn parting with xin jian

Wang Changling in Tang Dynasty

It was cold and rainy, and he went to Wu at night, seeing off the guests in Chu Mountain.

Relatives and friends in Luoyang were like asking each other, and a piece of ice was in the jade pot.

Note: Furong Building: According to "Unified Records", "Furong Building is in Zhenjiang Fucheng. A hibiscus building was also built in Wang Changling's relegated Dilongbiao (now Qianyang County, Hunan Province). A piece of Bing Xin sentence is a paraphrase of Bao Zhao's poem "As straight as a silk rope and as clear as a jade pot ice".

Brief analysis: this poem is told for generations that "A piece of Bing Xin is in a jade pot", which expresses his eternal pure heart.

Author. Known as the "Seven Wonder Hands", it can express rich feelings in refined language, with profound meaning. Its frontier poems are famous. There is Wang Changling Collection.

Last night, autumn rain poured down on Wudijiangtian.

This morning, I saw off my guests in Furong Building to face the lonely Chu Mountain.

If my relatives and friends in Luoyang ask me about my recent situation,

Please tell them that I'm still in a white jade pot.

To Wang Lun

Tang Libai

Translation

Li Bai was about to go by boat, when he suddenly heard the singing on the shore.

The peach blossom pool was deeper than Wang Lun's.

I was about to go on a long trip by boat, when I suddenly heard the beat on the shore, someone came to see me off while walking. Although the Peach Blossom Pond is as deep as thousands of feet, it is not as deep as the friendship that Wang Lun gave me.

Notes: 1. Wang Lun: The friend Li Bai made in Taohuatan is very generous. When Li Bai visits Taohuatan, Wang Lun often treats him with wine. When he left, Li Bai made this poem as a gift to Wang Lun.

2. Tagge: a folk tune, in which you beat the time with your feet while singing, which is a popular folk singing method in the Tang Dynasty.

3. Taohuatan: The name of Shuitan is in the southwest of Jingxian County, Anhui Province.

The Yellow Crane Tower in a farewell to meng haoran on his way to yangzhou

Tang Libai

An old friend left the Yellow Crane Tower in the west, [1] fireworks went down to Yangzhou in March. [2]

Lonely sails were far away from the sky, [3] only the Yangtze River flowed in the sky. [4]

Notes: Go, go. Guangling: Yangzhou .. From west to east.

Meaning: the author said goodbye to his old friend at the Yellow Crane Tower.

[2] Fireworks: gorgeous spring scenery. Downstream.

Meaning: In March when the spring is blooming, my old friend went down to Yangzhou by boat.

[3] Solitary sail: a single boat. From a distance, it seems to have disappeared into the clear sky.

[4] Only. Sky: Horizon.

Meaning: I only saw the mighty Yangtze River water rolling towards the horizon.

Analysis: this farewell poem was written around the 2th year of Kaiyuan (732). The poet's description of the scenery and his words are extraordinary, which makes people admire! The third and fourth sentences are not only about scenery, but also about feelings. The shadow of the lonely sail has disappeared, and only the thoughts flow in my heart forever like the Yangtze River.

a Song of White Snow in Farewell to Field-Clerk Wu Going Home

Tang Censhen

the north wind rolls the white grasses and breaks them, and the Eighth-month snow across the Tartar sky.

is like a spring gale, come up in the night, blowing open the petals of ten thousand pear trees. [1]

it enters the pearl blinds, it wets the silk curtains, a fur coat feels cold, a cotton mat flimsy.

bows become rigid, can hardly be drawn, all of them are hard to protect their iron clothes. Clouds are gloomy, Wan Li condenses.

but we drink to our guest bound home from camp, and play him barbarian lutes, guitars, harps,

till at dusk, when the drifts are crushing our tents, and our frozen red flags cannot flutter in the wind.

we watch him through Wheel-Tower Gate going eastward, into the snow-mounds of Heaven-Peak Road.

and then he disappears at the turn of the pass, there are horses and horses on the snowy sky.

Note:

[1] This sentence is a metaphor, and pear blossoms are a metaphor for white snow.

Brief analysis: This is the thirteenth year of Tianbao (754. This is a very special environment. The poet's strange metaphor, rich imagination and multi-level description of the real scene make people feel cold and full of spring. They have been sent to nowhere, and the scene of the horseshoe print on the snow is deeply engraved in the reader's mind.

Author's biography: Cen Can (715-77), a native of Nanyang (now Henan). Tianbao was a scholar with Gao Xianzhi. The momentum is heroic, the words are generous, and the language changes freely. There are Poems of Cen Jiazhou.

it is hard to go (1)

Tang Libai

pure wine costs, for the golden cup, ten thousand coppers a flagon, and Yupanzhen are ashamed of ten thousand dollars.

I fling aside my food-sticks and cup, I cannot eat nor drink, I pull out my dagger, I peer four ways in vain.

I would cross the Yellow River, but ice chokes the ferry, the Taihang Mountain will be covered with snow.

Come fishing and sit on the stream, but I suddenly dream of riding a boat, sailing for the sun.

it is hard to go! Journeying is hard Don't go astray! Whither today.

I will mount a long wind some day and break the heavy waves, and set my cloudy sail straight and bridge the deep, deep sea.

Yu Lin Ling

Song Liuyong

The original text

is cold and mournful, and it is late for Changting, and the shower is early. There is no mood for drinking in Doumen's tent (4), and there is no place for nostalgia (5), and Lanzhou (6) urges hair. Holding hands and staring at tears, I was speechless and choked. When I think about it, it will be a thousand miles away, and the dusk will be heavy and the sky will be wide.

Affection hurts parting since ancient times, and it is even more worthy of being neglected in the autumn festival. Where do you wake up tonight? Yang Liuan, the morning breeze and the waning moon. This past year [13] should be a good time and a good scene in name only. There are thousands of customs [14], and who to talk to!

Note

① This tune was originally a Tang Jiaofang tune. According to legend, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty avoided An Lushan and went into Shu in disorder. When it rained for days, the bell was heard on the plank road. In order to mourn Yang Guifei, this song was composed, and later Liu Yong used it as a tune. Also known as "the rain is ringing slowly". Up and down, 13 words, rhyme. This word is selected from Song Ci, and the rain bell is also called the rain bell. This word was written when he left the capital Bianjing (now Kaifeng, Henan), expressing his inseparable feelings with his lover.

② Evening for the pavilion: Facing the pavilion, it is in the evening.

③ showers: showers.

④ Doumen tent drinking: A tent was set up in the suburbs of Kyoto to hold a farewell dinner. No mood; No mood, listless.

⑤ nostalgia: write "Stay where you are".

⑥ Lanzhou: According to the Book of Stories, Lu Ban once carved a magnolia tree as a boat. Later used as the laudatory name of the ship.

⑦ choking: I am choked with grief and unable to speak. It is "calming the throat".

⑧ Go: Go forward one journey after another (farther and farther after breaking up).

⑨ twilight: clouds in the evening.

⑩ heavy: profound appearance.

⑾ Chutian: During the Warring States Period, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangsu and Zhejiang belonged to the State of Chu, and here "Chutian" generally refers to the southern sky.

⑿ clear autumn festival: bleak autumn.

[13] years: after one year or many years, this means year after year.

14. amorous feelings: affection (love between men and women).

Translation

After autumn, cicadas are so sad and hurried. Facing the pavilion, it is in the evening when a sudden rain just stopped. Outside the Kyoto city, there was a farewell dinner, but there was no mood to drink. When I was reluctant to part, the people on board had already urged me to start. Holding hands and looking at each other, my eyes were full of tears, and I was speechless until the end, and I couldn't say a thousand words in my throat. Thinking of going back to the south, this journey is another journey, a thousand miles away, a smoke wave, and the dark night sky is endless.

since ancient times, the most sad thing for passionate people is to leave, not to mention this bleak and cold autumn, how can this sadness be endured! Who knows where I am when I wake up tonight? I'm afraid it's only the willow bank that faces the piercing morning breeze and the waning moon at dawn. It's been a long time, (people who love each other are not together,) I guess even if we meet good weather and beautiful scenery, it's just like nothing. Even if there is full of affection, who will tell it with? !

Appreciation

Liu Yong wrote more slow words and was good at narration. This word shows the farewell scene of the long pavilion when the author left Beijing for the south. The last farewell film, from the rain break at dusk, to the farewell of the capital, to the farewell of the blue boat, tearfully facing each other and holding hands, described the farewell scene and the farewell modality of both sides in turn, like a dramatic song with a story, showing a sad scene. This is different from the Tang and Five Dynasties' poems, which also show parting feelings, but are more exciting than others. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Liu Ci was not only sung, but even as far away as Xixia. "Where there is a well water to drink, you can sing Liu Ci" ("Summer Stories"). Liu Ci is popular in the streets, which has something to do with his simple and expressive style. The next film tells the story, bearing the word "read", and envisions other scenes. Liu Xizai's Outline of Art Volume 4: "Words are a little tainted. Liu Yiqing's "Yulinling" says, "Affection hurts parting since ancient times, and it is even more worthy of snubbing the Qing Autumn Festival. Where's the wine tonight, Yang Liuan, Xiaofeng waning moon'. The last two periods leave the cold shoulder, and the sentence "tonight" is the meaning of the last two sentences. " Indeed, the reason why the sentence "tonight" was promoted to be a famous sentence is not only that there is truth in the emptiness, but also that the scenery is used to "dye" the feelings and melt them into the scenery. "Where will I wake up from the wine tonight?" A piece of "Zhang Drink" is connected remotely, which shows that although I am "in no mood", I still drown my sorrows in wine and get drunk. "Yang Liuan, Xiao Feng, the waning moon" concentrates a series of images that are easy to touch and leave sorrow, creating a desolate and desolate realm of cherishing people. Below "this is going", it is not too heavy to write straight with emotion.