xunzi

Mr. Wang said: I can't learn.

Green is taken from blue, and green is blue; Ice and water are cooler than water. The wood is straight in the rope, thinking it is a wheel, and its curve is in the gauge; Although there is a crisis, those who stop coming forward will make it happen. Therefore, the wood is straight by the rope, the gold is sharp, the gentleman is knowledgeable, and he saves himself every day, so he knows clearly without fault.

Think all day long, it is better to learn it in a moment; I've tasted it and I'm looking forward to it. Let's go hiking. Climb a trick, the arm does not lengthen, but the person you see is far away; Call with the wind, the sound does not add disease, but the listener is obvious. Those who cheat horses are not good enough, but cause thousands of miles; A man who pretends to be a boat can't swim, but he can't swim. The life of a gentleman is the same, and the goodness lies in personal leave.

Accumulated soil becomes mountains, and the wind and rain are prosperous; The water drops merged into the ocean and the dragon was born; Accumulate goodness into virtue, the gods are complacent, and the sacred heart is prepared. Therefore, you can't take Wan Li Road without accumulating steps; If you don't accumulate small streams, you won't be a river. Leap, not ten steps; This is a great contribution to the success of Ma Xu. Perseverance, rotten wood can't be carved; Perseverance, the stone can be carved. Earthworms do not have the advantages of minions, and their bones and muscles are strong. They eat the earth and drink the yellow land with their hearts. The crab kneels six times and pinches twice. It's not that the snake hole has no sustenance, it's also impetuous.

The teacher said

Han Yu

? Ancient scholars must have teachers. Teacher, so preach and teach to solve doubts. People are not born knowing, who can have no doubt? If you are confused and don't follow the teacher, you will be confused and you will never understand. Before I was born, I studied Tao before I was born, so I learned from Tao. After I was born, I studied Taoism first, so I studied Taoism. I am a teacher, and I don't know that years were born in me. Therefore, there is no nobility, no inferiority, no length, no shortage, and the existence of Tao and the existence of teachers.

? Ha ha! It's been a long time since the teacher passed on the Tao! It's hard to be confused! The ancient sages are far away, and they are still in the teacher's question; Today's people are far from saints, and they are ashamed to learn from their teachers. So saints are good for saints, and fools are good for fools; That's why saints are holy and fools are stupid! Love your son and choose a teacher to teach him. If you are in his body, you will feel ashamed and confused for your teacher! The boy's teacher, the sentence of teaching and learning books, is not the person I am talking about telling his story and solving his confusion. I don't know, I don't understand, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know. Witch doctors and musicians are not ashamed and learn from each other; The families of the scholar-officials called their teacher disciple Yun, and they got together and talked and laughed. When asked, he said, "He is almost the same as that year, and in the same way. Humble and shameful, officials are close. " Oh! The teacher's way is unknown. Witch doctors and musicians are skilled workers, and gentlemen are dismissive. Today, its wisdom is out of reach, strange and embarrassing!

Saint impermanence teacher. Confucius studied under Tan Zi, Changhong, Shi Xiang and Lao Dan. Scorpions' disciples are not as clever as Confucius. Confucius said, "If you have three friends, you must have a teacher." So disciples don't have to be inferior to teachers, and teachers don't have to be superior to disciples. There is a sequence of knowledge, and there is specialization in the industry, that's all.

Li, seventeen years old, is good at classical Chinese and six arts. He knows everything and studies in his spare time. Yu Jiaqi can follow the ancient road and write Shi Shuo to make it last forever.

The full text of Preface to Sending Ma Sheng out of Dongyang

Original text:

I liked studying when I was young. If the family is poor, there will be no books to read. Every time I borrow it from the bookstore, I will record it myself and count the days. It's cold, the ice is solid, my fingers can't bend and stretch, and I'm lazy. I sent it away after recording, and I dare not cancel my appointment. So most people will lend me books so that I can read all kinds of books. Since it is crowned, it is beneficial to admire saints. He also suffers from celebrities and tourists who have no owners. He tastes and asks questions hundreds of miles away from his hometown. Senior honorary person, Yemeni students crowded his room, and his words and attitude were never slightly euphemistic. Around Lishi, he assisted the suspect and leaned over to ask questions; Or the more respectful and polite you are when you meet, you dare not say a word; Please ask again as soon as it is happy. So I was stupid and finally learned a lot.

When I was looking for my master, I was walking in the mountains of Otani with my book box on my back and Tara shoes on. In winter, the wind was cold and the snow was several feet deep, and my feet and skin were frozen and cracked. After entering the room, my limbs were stiff and I couldn't move. The servant gave me hot water and covered me with a quilt. It took a long time to warm up. If you stay with your host, you will eat it again every day, and it will not taste fresh and fat. All the students are all embroidered, wearing hats decorated with treasures, white jade rings on their waists, swords on their left and smelly faces on their right. In the meantime, I have no desire for beauty. I don't know if my mouth and body are not as good as people. Gaiyu works hard.

Now all the students are studying in imperial academy, and the county officials are obliged to sell them every day, and their parents have Qiu Ge's 20-year-old legacy, so there is no danger of freezing and embarrassment; Sit downstairs and recite "poems" and "books" without running around; Some are teachers, some are teachers, some don't ask, don't tell, and some ask but don't; There should be all the books here. There is no need for others to record them and read them later. If the industry is not refined, the morality is not successful, and the nature is not inferior, then the heart is not specialized. Is it too much for others?

Dongyang Ma Shengjun was in imperial academy for two years, and the younger generation called him a sage. A fellow villager was born in the capital of the Yu Dynasty. I wrote a long book and thought it was a good speech. Debate with it and make peace with it. When you say you are young, you need to make a lot of efforts to study. He is a good scholar. He was going home to visit his parents, and I told him about the difficulties in his studies.

2. Be determined on the importance of classical Chinese famous sayings. If you are not strong, you will be unwise. If you don't believe it, you will decline.

True, sincere and sincere, impure and sincere, not moving.

False bullying cannot last long, emptiness cannot last long, rotten wood cannot be carved, and love cannot last long.

A gentleman's self-cultivation means that his heart is right inside and his appearance is right outside. —— (Song) Ouyang Xiu

Quiet to cultivate one's morality, frugality to cultivate one's morality, not seclusion to clear one's mind, not tranquility to be far away. -Zhuge Liang

The river runs to the sea, and when will it return to the west? A lazy youth, a lousy age.

If you don't fly, you will fly to heaven; If you don't sing, it will be a blockbuster.

Those who have achieved great things in ancient times are not only talented, but also persistent.

It's never too late to see a rabbit love a dog; It is never too late to mend.

Only the great explosive power of lightning can make the land of China exude vitality, but the social and political situation is not angry, but a kind of sadness. I advise God to cheer up and not stick to certain norms to belittle more people.

No one can see the ancient wisdom of the ancient king, only those wise men who can't see the afterlife can see it. I think of heaven and earth, there is no limit, there is no end, I am alone, tears fell down.

If the will is not strong, wisdom can't be reached, and people who don't believe in wisdom won't succeed. Mo Zhai was a thinker in the Warring States Period.

True, sincere and sincere, impure and sincere, not moving.

-Zhuang Zhou, Warring States philosopher

The three armed forces can win the handsome, but ordinary people can't win the ambition. -Zi Han, the famous motto in The Analects of Confucius.

One hundred studies must be identified first. (Zhu)

The edge of the sword comes from sharpening, and the fragrance of plum blossoms comes from bitter cold.

Those who have achieved great things in ancient times are not only talented, but also persistent. (Su Shi)

When you are old and strong, you would rather know the heart of a bald head; Poverty is strong, not falling into the sky. (Wang Bo)

The old horse lurks, aiming at a thousand miles. The martyrs were full of courage in their later years. (Cao Cao)

Don't come back when you are in the prime of life. It is difficult to get up in the morning. Encourage in time, and time waits for no one. (Tao Yuanming)

Where there is a will, there is a way. (Han Shu)

A famous saying about determination

Without ideal motivation, people's activities will become empty and insignificant.

Chernyshevski

Ideal can bring joy to the unfortunate people in the world!

The original name of NIZHNI NOVGOROD in Gorky City

Eagle strikes the sky and the wind is strong, and Pengfei waves in spring.

Sima guang

With lofty ideals and lofty ambitions, we young people are destined to achieve great success in the future.

Lipper

Everyone has a certain ideal, which determines the direction of his efforts and judgment. In this sense, I have never regarded ease and happiness as the purpose of life itself-this ethical basis I call the ideal of pigsty.

[Name] Albert Einstein (Jewish theoretical physicist)

Hope is the source of life. Without hope, life will wither.

Franklin

Our only sorrow is to live in hope without hope.

Dante

If a person doesn't know which dock he is heading for, then no wind is downwind.

Seneca, Lucius Annaeus

Reality is this shore, and ideal is the other shore. There is a swift river in the middle, and action is a bridge over it.

Krylov

Men are born with eight feet without ambition.

Feng Menglong

People can only survive if they have material things; One must have ideals to talk about life. Do you want to know the difference between life and life? Animals live, while people live.

Hugo

Even if we don't move, time is moving for us, and the passage of days is enough to take away the illusions we want to keep.

Romain Rolland

Nature trapped people in darkness, forcing people to yearn for the light forever.

Goethe

Ideals are like stars, we never reach them, but like sailors, we can navigate by their positions.

Schurz

If we can follow our ideals and live in the spirit of integrity, freedom, tenacity and honesty, we can achieve perfection.

Madame Curie

3. Explain the importance of practicing classical Chinese writing. Explain the importance of practicing calligraphy in modern Chinese: "Practicing calligraphy can cultivate people's habit of observation and thinking, improve language expression ability and promote people's brain thinking. Practicing calligraphy is very important for developing people's intelligence. "

This sentence can be translated into classical Chinese, namely: practice: practice. Write an article: write a poem.

Trainable: trainable. People: people.

Observation and thinking: observation and thinking. The habit of.

Can be improved: liter. Language expression ability: the ability of language narration.

Promoting people's brain thinking: promoting people's brain thinking. Developing people's intelligence: tapping people's intelligence.

Very important: very heavy. "Practicing writing articles can cultivate people's habits of observation and thinking, improve their language expression ability and promote people's brain thinking. Practicing writing articles is very important for developing people's intelligence. " In classical Chinese, it can be said that practicing calligraphy has given people the ability to train their thinking habits, enhanced their language narrative ability, promoted their brain thinking, and tapped their wisdom.

4. What are the classic works of classical Chinese? Compendium of Materia Medica was compiled by Li Shizhen, a great physician in Ming Dynasty. There are 52 volumes in 16, including 65438+0,892 kinds of drugs, and there are more than 65438+0,000 pictures of drugs in the book. This medical book was compiled by Li Shizhen in about 27 years. During the compilation process, Li Shizhen and his disciples visited all parts of China to seek medical advice and collect medicinal materials and specimens. This book includes grass, wood, earth, fire, valley, fruit, scales, animals, poultry, insects, media, vegetables, humans and epigraphy. Besides medicine, it also involves many scientific fields such as pharmacology, biology, mineralogy, chemistry, environment and biology, heredity and variation. This book introduces the names, characteristics, growing environment and growing areas of many plants.

Guiguzi is the work of Guiguzi, a strategist in the Warring States Period. Guiguzi, surnamed Wang, was born in the late Spring and Autumn Period and the early Warring States Period. Guiguzi is the originator of a military strategist and a famous representative of a military strategist. He is proficient in several talents. Guiguzi is fierce, and his disciples are all extraordinary, including Sun Bin and Pang Juan. Military strategists include Su Qin and Zhang Yi. These people are picky people in their own environment.

The Classic of Mountains and Seas is a wonderful book in China's pre-Qin period, and it is also the oldest book full of myths and legends. Mainly describes ancient geography, products, myths, witchcraft, religion, as well as ancient history, medicine, folk customs, ethnic groups and so on. Shan Hai Jing recorded some strange events in the form of stories, and there is still great debate about these events. The most representative myths and fables are daily life, goddess mending the sky, jingwei filling the sea, and Yu harnessing the water.

Shi Shuo Xin Yu is a note novel produced in the Southern Dynasties and Song Dynasties in China, which mainly describes anecdotes of characters in Wei and Jin Dynasties. It was written by a group of people organized by Liu Yiqing in the Southern Dynasties. The book is divided into 36 subjects such as morality, language, politics, literature, founder and elegance. And there are more than 1200 books, mainly stories about people's comments and remarks. Shi Shuo Xin Yu focuses on the main figures in Wei and Jin Dynasties. The description of characters in this book is perfect in appearance, knowledge and psychology. The unique character of each character is written through words and manners.

Night Talk Around the Furnace is a popular Confucian reading and a famous literary criticism work in Ming and Qing Dynasties. This book is based on the author's life conversation around the stove. People, events, articles, etc. Evaluate and discuss the literary anecdotes at that time and before. The language of this book is friendly, natural and easy to read, and it occupies an important position in the history of literature because of its unique views. Night Talk Around the Furnace is divided into 22 1 article, with the general theme of "settling down and starting a career", and reveals the profound meaning of "starting a career" from ten aspects: morality, self-cultivation, reading, helping the poor, teaching children, loyalty and filial piety, and frugality.

The most direct importance of learning classical Chinese is to take the exam, otherwise it will be bad luck not to learn the exam. This is a joke. )

Classical Chinese is the carrier of China's cultural accumulation for thousands of years. By studying classical Chinese, we can broaden our horizons and cultivate our own cultural heritage. Chinese civilization is continuous and Chinese culture is integrated. A lot of knowledge we need now can be found in ancient books. If you don't know anything about classical Chinese, you can't study deeply at all. And classical Chinese is not for people who study liberal arts. For example, if you want to be a physicist, there is a lot of physical knowledge in ancient literature, which is recorded in the form of prose or notebook novels. You need to refer to these documents, but no one will help you translate ready-made modern Chinese, so you can only read ancient Chinese with ancient books. For example, if you want to be an entrepreneur, there are many management philosophies to learn from in ancient times. You need to learn ancient books. Isn't it miserable not to know classical Chinese?

From the perspective of personal cultivation, learning classical Chinese can improve one's quality, deepen one's thoughts, and have an impact on one's temperament and attitude towards life.

So, if you are interested, study hard. If you are not interested, at least lay a foundation. It will come in handy one day.

6. What is the importance of ancient classical Chinese in China? Classical Chinese is a language with a history of thousands of years, while vernacular Chinese is a language with a short history.

Classical Chinese has accumulated a lot of expressive allusions, vocabulary and words in the historical development of thousands of years, but it has only been a hundred years since the birth of the May 4th Movement. The vernacular Chinese has not yet created its own "brilliant" and "rich" historical "accumulation". Vernacular Chinese basically comes from classical Chinese. Today, the basic vocabulary of vernacular Chinese is almost attached to and born out of classical Chinese, and the grammar of vernacular Chinese has not surpassed classical Chinese.

To use an inappropriate metaphor, the relationship between classical Chinese and vernacular Chinese is a mother and a son, and a book is in the end. In the "language sensitive period" of children, people start to learn language from the "root", read and recite a certain number of ancient poems and prose, lay a solid foundation for classical Chinese, and then express it in vernacular Chinese. Then, the written words will be concise, clean, pure, elegant, vivid and vivid; On the contrary, learning to use vernacular Chinese is difficult to reach the above level, but it may be procrastinating, lengthy, cumbersome, Europeanized, verbose and abstract.

Five.