Emergency self-help and mutual aid knowledge, in our lives, safety is very important, many of us may not know much about some knowledge of safety, but in times of danger, self-help and mutual aid knowledge is very necessary. Let's take a look at the knowledge of emergency self-help and mutual aid.
Knowledge of emergency self-help and mutual aid 1 Basic principles of self-help and mutual aid
First of all, people-oriented: save people first, then save property. Everything puts people's personal safety first and gets out of dangerous places as soon as possible.
Secondly, treat the seriously wounded first, and then treat the lightly wounded, so as to ensure that the seriously wounded can be rescued in the first time.
Put others before yourself: after getting out of danger, we should actively provide help, especially drivers and flight attendants, and actively organize the rescue of passengers, not just ourselves.
Basic sequence of rescue
On-site call for help: Call for help from the public security, transportation, medical rescue and other departments by using the nearby telephone. You can also intercept passing vehicles for help. Seek emergency help from the nearest industrial and mining enterprises, troops, organs and other units.
On-site rescue: When the wounded are squeezed into the accident vehicle, don't pull it hard, but open or cut the vehicle mechanically, and then rescue the wounded. When a vehicle hits the wounded, don't start the vehicle easily, use jacking tools (such as jacks) or mobilize the masses to lift the vehicle, and then rescue the wounded.
On-site first aid: after the wounded are rescued, they should be examined and given first aid, and then transferred to the hospital.
Extended data
How to save yourself in case of fire
Once threatened by fire, don't panic, calmly determine your position, judge the fire according to the analysis of smoke, light and temperature around you, and don't act blindly.
In a bungalow, if the fire around the door is not big, leave the fire quickly.
If you are in a building, don't run around blindly, let alone jump off a building to escape, which will cause undue casualties. You can hide in the room or on the balcony. Close the doors and windows, cut off the fire road and wait for rescue. Conditional, can continue to water the doors and windows to cool down, in order to delay the spread of the fire.
If the fire is too strong and you need to jump off a building to escape, you can jump off the second floor, but you should choose soft ground. At the same time, we should drop the bedding from upstairs to increase the cushion of the ground, and then slide down the window, so as to minimize the falling height and let our feet land first. If you are sure, you can tie one end of the rope (or tear the sheets together) to the window frame and then slide down the ground along the rope.
If the clothes catch fire, you can take off your clothes quickly, or roll around and put out the fire with your body. You can also jump into a nearby pool or river to put out the fire. In short, you should try to reduce the burn area and reduce the degree of burn.
When a fire breaks out, it often produces toxic gases harmful to human body, so in order to prevent tobacco poisoning, you should
Try to stay in the windward or cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel, hold your breath, try to lower your body height, and bend down to scurry or crawl on the ground; When trapped indoors, block the gap between doors and windows with wet sheets to prevent smoke from spreading indoors.
Knowledge of emergency self-help and mutual rescue 2 When an earthquake occurs, you should first avoid and then escape, and then go out after the shaking stops. Don't stand in the middle of the room when hiding, but find a supportive place to hide in time. When you leave, take the stairs instead of the elevator.
When the vehicle is on fire: the vehicle should call the police in time, and then make full use of the fire-fighting equipment on the vehicle to actively save itself. If there is no fire fighting equipment or the number of fire fighting equipment is not enough, you can use clothes, quilts and other things to put out the fire.
When the subway breaks down: pay attention to the manual broadcast of the subway, obey the unified command and guidance of the staff, and evacuate in the specified direction. It is best to cover your nose with wet clothes, towels, masks and other fabrics, walk against the wind, and don't take a deep breath.
When falling into the water by boat: put on your life jacket quickly and send out a distress signal. Don't abandon the ship unless you have no choice. Once you abandon the ship, you should face the wind, cross your arms on your chest, hold down your life jacket, and cover your nose and mouth with your hands to dive.
When there is a fire in a tall building: don't get into the elevator to escape, use the stairs to save the emergency. When you live on a higher floor, you can tear sheets, curtains and other fabrics in the room into load-bearing strips and connect them into ropes, which are tied to the components of windows or balconies to escape to the fire-proof floor. When all the passages are cut off, the best shelter is the toilet.
In case of food poisoning: immediately call the emergency center 120, then stimulate the tongue root with fingers and chopsticks to induce vomiting, and drink plenty of warm water or light salt water to reduce the absorption of toxins.
When being hijacked: The most important thing is to keep calm as much as possible, and don't fight unnecessarily. At the same time, we should try our best to observe the characteristics of the hijackers and strive for clues for rescue or later case detection.
In case of scald: First aid and early treatment can prevent the injury from getting worse, infection and shock.
Emergency self-rescue and mutual rescue knowledge 3 swimming self-rescue methods
1, leg cramp
If the cramp occurs in shallow water, you can immediately stand up and push hard, or break your thumb with your hand and massage your calf to relieve it. If you are in deep water, you can take the posture of backstroke, straighten the cramped leg, swim to the shore with your hand and the other leg after a little relief, and then deal with it as mentioned above.
2, choking water
Don't panic when you suffocate, just adjust your breathing. If it happens in deep water and you feel too tired to continue swimming, you can ask someone else to help you go ashore and rest.
3. Abdominal pain
It is caused by abdominal shock. Be fully prepared before entering the water, such as massaging the abdomen and navel for a few minutes and wiping the chest, abdomen and whole body with a small amount of water to adapt to the water temperature. If you have abdominal pain in the water, you should go ashore immediately and keep warm. You can bring a bottle of Huoxiang Zhengqi water, and the abdominal pain will gradually disappear after drinking it.
Step 4 be dizzy
Swimming for too long or just on an empty stomach may cause dizziness and nausea, which is caused by fatigue and lack of oxygen. Pay attention to keep warm, massage muscles, drink some sugar water or eat some fruit. You will recover soon.
Self-help and mutual rescue method for critically ill patients
First aid for craniocerebral injury: First aid on site should stop bleeding and bandage. If the nose, ears, eyes and other five senses have been bleeding, do not use tampons and other hemostatic materials to stop bleeding, otherwise blood will accumulate in the skull, causing intracranial hypertension and infection. It should be allowed to flow out, and the spilled blood can be wiped off with a cleaning cloth. If there is a hematoma, apply a cold towel to the lump to promote dissipation. Coma patients should pay attention to keep the respiratory tract unobstructed.
First aid for angina pectoris: Patients should sit down or stay in bed. If they are outdoors, they should squat down and have a rest. Take nitroglycerin or indomethacin orally immediately. When there is no first-aid medicine for the time being, you can acupuncture or pinch the internal joints, which also has the functions of stopping headache, calming and promoting blood circulation.
First aid for acute myocardial infarction: stay in bed absolutely, avoid light and prevent bad stimulation. Oxygen should be inhaled in time when conditions permit. Oral nitroglycerin tablets. Eat fruit juice or semi-fruit juice to ensure the necessary calories and keep the stool unobstructed. Patients can only be transported under the guidance of a doctor.
First aid for stroke: medically speaking, stroke belongs to cerebrovascular accident. Family members or on-site personnel are not allowed to push or flip patients at will. Reduce the stimulation of light and sound. The patient should lie on his back, not put a pillow. To take off the patient's clothes, wrap the patient's tongue with gauze and pull it out, and promptly remove the mucus, secretions and vomit in his mouth to make the respiratory tract unobstructed. Put ice cubes or cold towels on the patient's forehead to help stop bleeding and reduce intracranial pressure. Keep a horizontal posture when carrying the patient.