1. Classical Chinese translation

Confucius visited the temple of Duke Huan of Lu and saw an instrument that was tilted and easily overturned. Confucius asked the temple guard: "What kind of utensil is this?" The temple guard replied: "This is a utensil for people who are lenient to forgive." Confucius said: "I heard that the seat for lenient people to forgive is empty. It will tilt when it is filled with water, and it will turn upside down when it is filled with water. Confucius turned around and said to the student, "Pour water into it." It was upright. When it was filled with water, it tipped over. When the water was emptied, it tilted again. Confucius said with emotion: "Hey, how can someone be full and not overturn?" Zilu said: "Is there a way to keep it full?" Confucius said: "Those who are smart and wise use stupid methods; the merit is great. Those who conquer the world should use the method of concession; those who conquer the world with courage should use the method of timidity; those who are rich all over the world should use the method of humility. This is the so-called method of constantly filling and constantly depleting.

427 2. Classical Chinese translation

Original text

The Ding family of the Song Dynasty did not have a well, but they often lived alone outside the well. They told people: "I found someone through the well. "

Someone who heard about it said: "Ding got a man through the well. "The people of the country heard about it and heard about it from Song Jun. Song Jun asked Ding to ask him about it.

Ding said to him: "To get a person's envoy, you don't have to get a person in the well. " If you want to hear something like this, it is better to not hear anything.

Notes

① Selected from "Lu Shi Chun Qiu·Chen Xing Lun Second·Cha Zhuan".

② irrigate - draw water from the well. irrigate: gai, water. 憡: draw water from the well

③ji - wait.

④ The people of the country talked about it. The capital of the country in ancient times was also called "guo"

⑤ The king of Song heard about it. .: Pronoun refers to the matter of "Ding got someone by crossing the well". Yu: Preposition: when "being" is used, it introduces the active person.

⑥ Ask Yu Ding about this matter. Yu: Preposition: When speaking "to"

⑦ Shi - used to refer to labor force

Translation

In the Spring and Autumn Period, the Song Dynasty was located in the hinterland of the Central Plains, lacking rivers and lakes, and there was drought and little rain. Farmers mainly relied on well water to irrigate their crops.

At that time, there was a family with a surname. Ding's farm has planted some dry land. Because there are no wells in the land, watering the land depends on horses and donkeys, and water is obtained from distant river branches. Therefore, a person is often sent to live in a thatched field. In the shack, we have to do this kind of farm work all day long. As time goes by, everyone who has lived in this farm and collected water all day feels a little tired and tired.

After discussing with his family, Ding decided to dig a well to solve the irrigation problem that had troubled them for many years. Although he only dug a well more than ten meters deep and less than one meter in diameter, he had to dig, collect and carry out soil underground. Reinforcing the well wall was not an easy task. The Ding family worked hard in the dark for more than half a month to get water for the first time. The Ding family felt like it was a festival. When Mr. Ding lifted the first bucket of water from the well, his whole family was so happy that they could not close their mouths with joy. From then on, their family no longer had to send one person to sleep in the open and work hard to transport water to irrigate the fields. Mr. Ding would say to anyone he met: "I dug a well at home and got a manpower!" ”

After hearing what Ding said, the people in the village congratulated him, and some did not care because they had nothing to do with it. However, no one paid attention to who was responsible for digging Ding’s well. He went to Weidi and spread the news, saying: "The Ding family dug out a man from the ground while digging a well! "As a result, the small Song Dynasty was agitated by this sensational rumor, and even the King of Song was alarmed.

The King of Song thought: "If a living person is really dug out from the ground, he is either a god or a demon. We must find out the truth." In order to find out the truth, the King of Song sent someone to ask Ding. Mr. Ding replied: "The well drilled by my family has brought great convenience to watering the fields. In the past, one person always had to be sent out to irrigate the farmland all year round. Now we don't have to do it. From then on, the family has one more person to work, but this People are not dug out of wells. "It is better not to listen to rumors like this.

Explanation

"surname": surname.

"irrigation": taking water.

"Puer": dig a well (can be interpreted as "drilling a well", "drilling a well" or "sinking a well").

"Use": use.

Explanation of "zhi"

In the Song Dynasty, Ding's family had no well: the particle, of.

Someone who heard about it said: Pronoun refers to "getting a person through a well".

Chinese people say: pronoun, refers to "getting someone through a well".

I heard it from Song Jun: pronoun, referring to "getting someone through the well".

Song Jun asked someone to ask about Ding: the pronoun refers to "finding a person through a well".

To get one person’s envoy: particle, of.

Here’s what you’d like to hear: Attributive postfix.

Passive sentence

I heard about it from Song Jun. ——"Yu" means passive. Translated as: heard by Song Jun.

Enlightenment

Everything must be investigated and studied to find out the truth. Don't believe in rumors and spread false rumors to cause audio-visual confusion.

Don’t follow blindly, follow what others say, and spread falsehoods; investigate and research; use your brain to think about everything and do more analysis to distinguish the authenticity. 3. Classical Chinese Translation

Translation

Zhao Xinchen, courtesy name Wengqing, was a native of Shouchun, Jiujiang. Zhao Xinchen was a diligent, hard-working man with methods and strategies, and he liked to build beneficial projects for the people. He personally encouraged the people to engage in agricultural production, go in and out of the field roads, stay and stay in pavilions in the countryside, and rarely have time to rest leisurely. He inspected the water springs in the county and opened ditches Dozens of sluices and other facilities that can release and block water were built in order to expand the irrigation area. The paddy fields increased every year, up to 30,000 hectares. The people benefited from this and had extra food to store. Zhao Xinchen formulated regulations for the balanced distribution of water resources for the people, which were engraved on stone tablets and erected on the edge of the fields to prevent fights. He also ordered a ban on extravagance and waste at the end of marriages, and must start from frugality. The children of prefecture and county officials like to wander around. , did not treat farm work as an important matter, so he reprimanded and dismissed them. In serious cases, he would hold them accountable and punish them with illegal behavior. In this way, he showed that he admired labor and despised laziness. The place he governed was civilized. After being widely implemented, everyone in the county worked hard to engage in agricultural production. The people turned to him, the number of households doubled, the number of thieves and lawsuits decreased and even stopped. The officials and the people loved Zhao Xinchen closely and called him "Zhaofu". The governor of Jingzhou summoned a trusted minister to do good deeds for the people, and the county under his jurisdiction was enriched. The emperor rewarded the trusted minister with forty catties of gold. He was promoted to the governor of Henan, and his political performance and conduct were often rated first. The emperor repeatedly Increase his salary and reward him with property. 4. Classical Chinese Translation

Sang Yi heard that there were more than ten bandits in Xiangcheng, so he went there alone with a sword, killing a few and capturing the rest alive. As a result, there were no bandits in Rubang County. The transshipment envoy to the west of Beijing reported the matter to the court, and Sang Yi was appointed Jiacheng Lieutenant. . Although Sang Yi had participated in the Jinshi examination in the imperial examination, but his knowledge was not very good, his behavior was in line with the principles in the book. This happened to him many times. When Sang Yi lived temporarily in Yongqiu, he encountered a big flood. He had two grains of millet at home, which he planned to take away on the boat. Seeing some people walking to avoid the water, they threw away the millet and used the boat to carry people. When he saw that the people were suffering from famine, he gathered people from the same village together to provide for them until his own grain was gone.

Sang Yi was good at using swords and iron slips. His strength was greater than that of several people combined and he was very strategic.

Thief: A person who makes a living by robbing homes and properties.

Wei: The responsibility is to manage public security.

Ju: Take the imperial examination.

Millet: an annual herbaceous plant with small round or oval seeds. It is commonly called "millet" in the north, and "millet" after peeling. 5. Classical Chinese translation

My own translation~~~poster~~~has sub-parts

1. Guanyin Stone Pavilion To the west, there are streams, and the streams are all springs [2]; they are all rocks, and the rocks are all on the wall [3]. Its south bank is full of bamboos, surrounded by streams and rocks leaning on them [4]. Yan Gu is difficult for bamboo [5], so far, there are acres and acres of forest [6].

To the west of Guanyin Stone Pavilion, there are criss-crossing streams and rocks everywhere; the streams all come from a spring, and the rocks are all the extra parts that fell from the stone cliff. The south side of the stone pavilion is full of bamboo leaves, growing next to the stones around the stream. Bamboo was rarely seen in Yanjing in the past, but now, there are forests and acres of bamboo, which are very luxuriant.

2. Bamboo, the first branch [7]; bamboo shoots, as long as a basket [8]; bamboo powder grows in the joints, the shoot tips come out of the forest, the root whip comes out of the fence [9], the sun is larger than Mother[10].

When the bamboo grows to a height of ten feet, the branches separate; when the bamboo shoots grow to a height of ten feet, the husks have not yet fallen off.

Bamboo powder grows from the joints of the bamboo, bamboo shoots emerge from the forest, and the shoots at the roots of the bamboo grow outside the fence. The young bamboos are stronger than the old bamboos.

3. After passing Longjiao Temple and heading west, you can hear the sound of spring. The spring flow is long but the sound is short, and the flow is flat. Flowers, canals and springs are close to flowers [11]; bamboos, canals and springs are close to bamboos, and there is no time to make a sound. The flowers and bamboos are not in service[12], and the springs are still like stone springs.

Passing by Longquan Temple, then heading west, I finally heard the sound of spring water. The spring water flows through a long distance, but the sound is very short because the terrain downstream is low and flat. Flowers need canals to bring spring water to take care of them, and bamboos need canals to bring spring water to take care of them; so the spring water doesn't care about making sounds.

If the flowers and bamboos are not taken care of well, the spring water will be like a bare stone spring water (that is, otherwise it has no meaning of existence)

4. Stone turbulence [13], people are shouting [14], people are stepping on rocks, and water drops are gradually falling on clothes [15]. The small fish folds in the cracks of the rocks [16], and when it hears the sound of the sea turtle, it falls down [17] and rests on the sand [18].

Spring water flows freely between the cracks in the stones, and the sound of many streams gathering is soft and uninterrupted. Tourists step on the stones to cross the river, and the water drops wet the corners of their clothes. The little fish swam quietly and calmly among the cracks in the rocks. They hid when they heard the footsteps, some burrowed into the floating grass, and some burrowed into the sand.

5. There are various flowers and algae that the old man in the mountain monk garden cannot name [19]. The grass is too big to be planted [20], and the guests are fighting with flowers [21], picking hundreds of ears [22], and coming out from each other [23], which are half different [24].

The types of flowers are so diverse that even the monks or old gardeners who live on the mountain can’t name them.

Flowers grow everywhere like weeds, to the point where it is impossible to distinguish the species, so tourists regard picking flowers as a competition. They went everywhere to pick flowers, but it was only a hundred steps away. When they took out the flowers they picked and put them together, there were only half as many flowers and they were different from each other.

6. However, the flowers of spring are not as good as the persimmon leaves of autumn [25]. The leaves are purple, the essence is elixir[26], the wind and sun are flowing beautifully[27], the dawn trees are full of stars[28], and the evening fields are all on fire: Xiangshan is called apricot[29], Yangshan is called pear, and Shou'an Mountain is called persimmon.

But the flowers in spring are still not as good as the persimmon leaves in autumn. The leaves are faint purple, but the fruits are bright red; when the wind is gentle and sunny, at dawn, every tree seems to be covered with stars, and in the evening, the whole mountain seems to be on fire: in Xiangshan, The sun is like an apricot; in Yangshan Mountain it is like a pear; in Shou'an Mountain the sun is like a persimmon.

7. Go west to Yuantong Temple and look in front of Taihe Nunnery. People in the mountains point to the end of the water [30], where the spring comes from.

When it reaches the point, the two stone corners in Leilei are like ridges [31], and the spring cover comes out of it.

Climb up Yuantong Temple from the west and look at the place in front of Taihe Nunnery - people in the mountains point to that place with their fingers, saying that it is the source of the spring water. As soon as we arrived, we saw two stone corners between the many stones, which looked like two small pits. The spring water probably flowed from here.

8. The sound of birds and trees is strong, but the sound of springs cannot be heard suddenly [32]. After sitting for a long time, he said goodbye [33] and said: "The sound of that bird, the sound of that tree, is also the sound of this spring."

The birds are calling, the big branches are leafy, and the sound of the spring is gentle, It cannot be heard immediately. After sitting for a long time, he finally figured it out and said, "That's the sound of birds, that's the swaying of leaves, and this, it's the sound of spring water."

9. Go west to Guangquan Abandoned Temple , half a mile north of Wuhua Temple. However, the tourist who looked at the reclining Buddha often returned [34] and said: "There is no spring [35] for the reclining Buddha."

Then he climbed up to the abandoned temple next to Guangquan from the west again, and walked another half mile to the north. It’s Wuhua Temple.

After seeing the Temple of the Reclining Buddha, the tourists immediately turned back and said, "There is no spring water at the Temple of the Reclining Buddha." 6. How to say "just afraid" in classical Chinese

One morning, I went to my neighbor's house to play on my scooter. After a while, a yellow dog chased me. I hid behind my friend's door. When I came back, I saw another one, but luckily it didn't notice me.

I went home and told my mother about this. My mother said: "Don't be afraid when you see a dog in the future, and don't run. The more you run, the more it will chase you. Just stand there and pretend to beat it." , it will run away." I tried it, and it worked really well. From now on, I am no longer afraid of dogs.

(Go swimming) Today, the weather is very hot, and the sun has almost turned me into a Peking duck. Grandpa said: "Let's go swimming."

I went to get my swimming suit like a pony. Grandpa took us off and arrived soon.

I couldn't wait to put on my swimming suit and was about to jump off. Grandma pulled me and insisted that I bring a swimming ring. I took the swimming ring and walked down.

I went into the cave and slid down the slide and drank a lot of water. I came to a big round ball again. The ball was transparent and could be seen clearly from the inside out. I took a step inside the ball and fell, but couldn't stand. I stopped playing.

When I came to the big swimming pool, a wave came and knocked me over, but I floated back up. I started swimming. I paddled my hands to both sides and lifted my feet back and forth. The water was cold and comfortable.

As I was paddling, I took off the swimming ring and went swimming. Unexpectedly, my grandma discovered it. I jumped into the small swimming pool to swim. The water level here was very low. The water was neither cold nor hot. It was very comfortable. I threw it away. I got the swimming ring and wanted to swim by myself, but my grandma discovered me again. Grandma pulled me and said, "I won’t swim anymore. Let’s go home." Grandma pulled me away.

(Shopping for clothes) Today, my mother took me to buy clothes. When we came back, my mother and I were thirsty, and there was no one selling water outside.

As we were walking, I suddenly saw a water dispenser behind the watch counter. My mother asked me to ask my aunt for water, but I didn’t dare to go. Then my mother supported me. At this time, I thought again, "The brave man is not brave." As the saying goes, I went to ask, but the aunt said: "I am very busy now and can't pour me water." Then I asked the aunt next door and she poured me water.

I said: "Thank you." When I got home, my mother praised me as a brave man.

During the National Day, my grandfather and mother went to pick cotton. I thought picking cotton was a fun thing, so I followed suit.

When we got to the field, we tied the bags and started picking cotton. The fields were quiet, there was no sound at all, it was very boring.

Fortunately, my mother brought her mobile phone and had music to listen to. Picking cotton, I thought it was fun, but within ten minutes, I felt impatient. Fortunately, my mother was beside me and told me to be patient in everything.

When picking cotton, my hands and feet were hurt by cotton branches.

Because the cotton is very prickly, there are many unknown bugs and spider webs on the cotton, and I was forced to wear shorts.

So I am always on guard, for fear that bugs will crawl on me. Finally, the cotton was picked, and then I realized how hard the farmer uncle worked. 7. Classical Chinese Translation

As soon as I get up in the morning, I brush off the dust on the table without wearing a hat, pour water into the inkstone, grind the ink, cinnabar, and lead powder, and dip the pen into it to get ready. . He took out a book at random and sat down at the desk to read. After a while, I read something that I had insights into, and I used a pen to make comments on the paper. Most of the handwriting on the book was unclear because of this. Sometimes I sing a song, sometimes I sigh; sometimes I laugh, sometimes I cry; sometimes I get angry and scold, sometimes I am depressed to death; sometimes I shout loudly and express my happiness, sometimes I am amazed and amazed; sometimes I am amazed; I would lie down and think quietly, and sometimes I would get up and run around. The servants who saw these scenes were frightened and surprised, and could not guess what I meant, so they talked secretly and waited until I gradually calmed down before they dispersed and left. The maid brought wine and tea, but she didn't even remember to drink it. Sometimes I bumped into it accidentally, knocked it over and wet the book, so I scolded him angrily, and the maid stopped bringing it. Sometimes time passes and I haven’t eaten yet, and no one dares to come forward and invite me to eat. Only my wife would sometimes observe me through the door curtain, and when she found a gap, she would walk in and say, "It's already noon, can we have dinner?" I agreed. After his wife left, he forgot about her again. The soup and meat were cold and had to be reheated many times for me to eat. When I go to eat, I still take a book with me and read while eating. Even if the soup and meat are cold or the taste is about to change, I don't notice. Sometimes I even mistakenly used a pair of chopsticks to make dots on the book I was reading. It took a long time to realize that it was not a pen, and my wife and maids all laughed secretly. I often studied until midnight at night. When I looked back at the servants, no one was around. After a while, there was a loud snoring around me. When I got up, I saw that they were all sleeping scattered on the floor. A guest came to visit me. After the name card was delivered, I was studying at school and did not go out to meet the guest immediately. When a customer waits for me, he gets very angry and scolds me, or asks for a reply to his name, I don't know. Probably because of my impatience, people at home scolded him and kicked him out when he complained that the time was inappropriate, but ignored the urgency of the matter, so they failed to tell me in a hurry. My wife was in charge of all the trivial matters at home, such as salt and rice, and was very orderly, so I had no scruples or worries, and my hobby of reading became more and more eccentric.

One day I suddenly regretted it and planned to swear off it, so I discussed it with my wife. The wife smiled and said: "You are not following Liu Ling's method of quitting drinking, just to deceive me into drinking and meat to make up for the hard work of the five internal organs, right? I can only sit and watch you indulge in books, but I can't Help you realize your plan." I was disappointed and unhappy for a long time, so I thought that my love for books is indeed the same as Liu Ling's love for wine, and I was worried that I would break my oath immediately; besides, my hobby is writing, not the same. Can it be cured by women? So I answered her with a smile: "It's good to do what you said, but it's not easy to be the wife of Li Bai and Zhou Taichang!" So I no longer mentioned quitting my book addiction, but adopted her semantics to help me. The study was named "Drunken Study".