Practice the skills of speaking Mandarin. Find out the corresponding rules between Putonghua and your own dialect, strengthen the rules and strengthen your memory. The differences between various dialects and Putonghua are mainly manifested in phonetics, with little difference in vocabulary and grammar. Pronunciation differences mainly include: in most areas, there is no difference between flat tongue and tip of tongue, no difference between N and L, lack of vowels such as eng, ing, e and uo, no misuse of light tone and children's voice, and most people's vowels are not round. Combining these characteristics, students can find out the corresponding laws between dialects and Putonghua by themselves or under the guidance of professional teachers, and the effect of practicing and remembering more will double!
Second, always listen and practice, and practice again and again. Listening is what we call "listening" or "ear training". Good listening is the basis of learning Mandarin well, so listening more is an aspect that beginners should pay attention to. You can choose the programs of China People's Broadcasting Station and CCTV as listening materials. When watching TV, you should pay attention to the announcer's mouth shape, and you can imitate it while listening. You can also compare the recordings of standard Putonghua speakers with your own recordings to find out the differences. Improve it!
Third, say: when your listening is good, you should move more. Listening is the premise, and speaking is the key. Speaking Mandarin well should be based on accurate pronunciation, so in the process of learning, students must pay attention to the learning steps, otherwise putting the cart before the horse will still make great efforts to correct the pronunciation mistakes. First of all, we should learn Chinese Pinyin well and lay a solid foundation. After laying a good foundation for phonetic comparison, we can try to practice targeted tongue twisters to improve the ability of pronunciation organs to coordinate pronunciation. When you master the pronunciation accurately, you can interpret the works, practice more and cultivate a good sense of language.
Pay attention to the problems in the process of "speaking"
1. Pronunciation Pronunciation: The requirements for pronunciation are: prefix pop-up, accurate location, full breath and strength; The belly of the word opens and stands up, and the breath is even; The suffix is complete and free, the sound is in place, clean and tidy, and tends to be clean. In fact, the interval of a Chinese character is very short, so it is necessary to give attention to both phonology and pronunciation in a short time. Therefore, we should start from daily training and strictly demand: * The pronunciation of the voice should be accurate and flexible.
* Richard asked the rhyme belly to open and stand upright, so that "the mouth is slightly closed and the voice is slightly open".
* Be clean and tidy when you return to the radio station.
Especially when "I, u, n, ng" is used as a vowel, we should pay attention to the change of mouth shape. Pay attention to overcome the problems of insufficient rhyme, insufficient echo and inaccurate tone adjustment. At the same time, we should also pay attention to the pronunciation characteristics of light tone, Hua Er, heavy format and tone.
2. Problems in tongue twister practice: First of all, the function of tongue twister is to make the brain react flexibly, use gas freely and articulate clearly. For tongue twisters, don't be too hasty in tongue twister practice, the speed is too fast. First of all, pronounce according to the correct pronunciation method of Putonghua, and practice from slow to fast. The voice is from small to large, and the paragraph is from easy to difficult. Otherwise, unscientific training will lead to inaccurate pronunciation and vague pronunciation. The faster you pronounce, the more times you repeat the wrong pronunciation, and the farther away from the correct pronunciation standard!
3. When reading the article deductively, we must stop linking, emphasize training and correctly express the emotion of the article. When reading a work, we should pay attention to pause, stress, tone and rhythm. In other words, where to stop and how long to stop; Where there is stress, we should read lightly; In a paragraph, which words should be connected, which words are not connected, and which words are the key points; Whether the sound shape of the whole sentence is rising or falling, whether it is strong or weak, whether it is urgent or slow, we should carefully taste and practice more; How to read the article: read quickly, think steadily, stop less and connect more. Grasp the adjustment of breath and the integrity of the article.
Recitation is a very high language art, but it is a big problem for most students, especially beginners, because everyone familiar with recitation knows that learning to recite well requires two basic skills: one is standard fluent Mandarin, and the other is skilled reading skills. In fact, these are not enough. We should know that the biggest difference between reading aloud and reciting lies in this "reciting"; In addition, the former only needs expressiveness, and the latter not only needs expressiveness, but also recreates the work through audio language, and gives the audience the enjoyment of music, composition, feeling and artistic conception through language expression skills; But we can appreciate reciting works through reciting skills taught by teachers. At the same time, to improve our taste and reading ability, through some training, we can gradually master the rules of Chinese grammar, cultivate a sensitive sense of language, and also comprehensively exercise our vocal cords, pronunciation, tone, intonation and language potential, so as to climb to the realm of brotherhood. But in the process of training, we should pay attention to the step-by-step practice method.
The first step is preliminary training (foundation). You can choose an article about 100 words as reading material. The requirements are: accurate pronunciation, loud voice, clear articulation, no addition, omission, mispronunciation or inversion, and appropriate pause according to punctuation and grammatical pause requirements.
The second is transitional training. You can choose two or three hundred words to read aloud. On the basis of the first step, transition to fluency, and you can read different tones and intonations of statements, questions, exclamations, imperative sentences and other sentences.
The third step is to consolidate training. You can choose an article of about 500 words to read aloud, focus on practicing reading skills, and consolidate the training results of the first two steps in combination with listening and reading. On the basis of the first two steps, it is required to further read the pauses and key points in long sentences, and read them properly and naturally according to the ideological content of the article.
The fourth step is to practice comprehensive skills. You can choose an article of about 800 words to read aloud. Apply all kinds of skills gained in sub-training to reading aloud. Language fluency, coherent tone and strong appeal are required.
Through the practice of the above four steps, the level of reading aloud will be improved at different levels, and satisfactory results can be achieved in the Putonghua test. However, it should be noted that when studying, don't read in general. Look at this today, look at that tomorrow, and get twice the result with half the effort. Therefore, for beginners, concentration in learning is particularly important. Remember that sentence: Practice makes perfect.
The correct method, hard training, can be tempered into steel.
Practice the skills of speaking Putonghua Part 2 First, find out the corresponding rules between Putonghua and your own dialect, and strengthen the rules and memory.
The differences between various dialects and Putonghua are mainly manifested in phonetics, with little difference in vocabulary and grammar. Phonetic differences are mainly manifested in the following aspects: in most areas, there is no distinction between flat and warped sounds, no distinction between n and l, no vowels such as eng, ing, e and uo, no misuse of light tone and tongue roll, and most people's vowels are not round enough. Combining these characteristics, students can find out the corresponding rules between dialects and Putonghua by themselves or under the guidance of professional teachers, and the effect of practicing more and remembering more difficulties will double.
Second, always listen, practice and practice again and again.
Listening is what we call "listening" or "ear training". Good listening is the basis of learning Mandarin well, so listening more is an aspect that beginners should pay attention to. You can choose the programs of China People's Broadcasting Station and CCTV as listening materials. When watching TV, you should pay attention to the announcer's mouth shape, and you can imitate it while listening. You can also compare the recordings of standard Putonghua speakers with your own recordings to find out the differences and improve them.
Third, talk more.
Speaking Mandarin well should be based on accurate pronunciation, so in the process of learning, students must pay attention to the learning steps, otherwise putting the cart before the horse will still make great efforts to correct the pronunciation mistakes. Therefore, candidates learn Chinese Pinyin well and lay a solid foundation, and their pronunciation will naturally be standard. They can try to practice targeted tongue twisters to improve the coordinated pronunciation ability of the pronunciation organs. With accurate pronunciation, they can perform more works, practice more, cultivate a good sense of language and improve their Putonghua level.
The teacher also said that when preparing for the Putonghua test, candidates must make full use of the above skills and correct their mistakes in order to cope with the Putonghua test calmly.
The examination content of Putonghua includes four parts.
First, read the words.
Second, read the words.
Third, read the paragraph.
Fourth, play for 3 minutes.
The examination content is divided into four major questions: ** 100.
I monosyllabic words 100
Second, 50 phrases
Third, I'll give you an article to read. The articles are all articles on Putonghua proficiency test. To put it bluntly, many of them are articles I have learned before. There are 30 articles in the book, and you may not have drawn any.
Fourth, speak freely for 3 minutes. Choose one of the two topics.
Skills of practicing Putonghua 3 1. Seize the time.
There is a time limit for the Putonghua exam. It is very important to make full use of time and how to make words, phrases, essays and speeches natural and clear within the specified time. In order to make good use of time and give full play to yourself, you must practice more before the exam.
2. Distinguish the pronunciation of vowels, tone changes and Hua Er's pronunciation.
This is the first and second part of the Putonghua test. In order to get grades smoothly, we need to find some words to practice, pay attention to and avoid pronunciation. What are the skills of Putonghua test? For example, one group at a time, one group at a time, not only remains unchanged, but also is not surprised by its originality, publicity, journalistic, documentary, unity, manuscript, understanding, daily newspaper, Guangxi, harmony, criticism, Chinese, aeroplane, dominance, strictness and charging.
3. Practice reading aloud according to the outline.
The exam is selected from the reading materials (No.65438 +0-60) in the fifth part of the exam outline, and the score is calculated with the first 400 words (excluding punctuation marks) of each material. You need to look at the selected materials in advance, but pay attention to the number of words and the speed of speech, so that there will be no major problems in the exam.
4. Usually communicate in Mandarin.
There are no words to follow in the last part of the exam. Once you draw a topic, you need to say a lot about it. In order to cope with this situation, you should communicate with friends, classmates and strangers in Mandarin to improve your adaptability.
Actually, tricks are just tricks. What we really need to do is to practice more at ordinary times and adjust our mentality during the exam. This is the most critical.
Skills of practicing four monosyllabic words in Putonghua
1, pay attention to the reading order, from left to right, and never serialize.
2. If a word is found to be wrong in the reading process, you can re-read it, and the judgment will be based on the second time; If you read it correctly the first time and correct it wrong the second time, the judgment will be based on the second time.
3. There should be a gap between syllables, otherwise there will be a sound change.
4. The syllables should be complete. Tone runs through the whole syllable, so pay special attention to it. You can't read it according to the usual reading method. Pay special attention to the sound above in tone. In language flow, we often read the upper tone as a semitone, but when reading monosyllabic words, we must read them as a whole, lest we read them incompletely and gild the lily. If we exaggerate and interpret it as a style of falling and rising, we will also lose points.
Be careful not to mispronounce, because the lines are almost the same. Because of nervousness, candidates often mispronounce similar glyphs, such as "bang" and "hug", "chuai" and "end", "flash" and "text"
6. When reading words, don't make mistakes because of association, such as reading "Lan" as "Zhan" and "Ping" as "Pang".
Polysyllabic words
This item not only examines the pronunciation of phonology, but also examines the standardization of tone sandhi, er-hua words and light tone. In addition to the first item, there are words with children, tone sandhi, softly. Generally speaking, there are no fewer than four "children" on it. The key to tone sandhi is the tone sandhi of ligatures, not less than three times.
Read a short passage aloud.
1, accurate and clear pronunciation, avoid missing words, adding words and typos.
2. Don't stress, even if you find that a word is mispronounced, don't stress. Reading back will cause incoherence and the examiner will deduct points.
3, don't appear the phenomenon of words, words. Many candidates jump out to read word for word or word for word in order to read correctly, which sounds very unsmooth and destroys the overall feeling of the article.
4. Pay attention to intonation, be natural and fluent, and don't bring a recitation cavity or a broadcast cavity, because once you don't grasp it well, it will make people feel too exaggerated and unnatural. In addition, we should pay attention to the correction of dialect intonation, especially the problem of light and heavy tones. Dialect intonation is mainly manifested in word tone, sentence tone, light tone, tone and rhythm. If you want to do well in the exam, you must make great efforts to correct the dialect intonation.
5. Speak at a moderate speed, neither too fast nor too slow. When candidates are unfamiliar with the works they have read, or the level of Putonghua is poor, in order to read every word correctly, they will read word by word, which will slow down the speech speed; When you are too nervous, you will speak too fast. This will lose points. Speaking too fast is also easy to miss words, add words and eat words.
6. Pay attention to the handling of "er" and judge when to pronounce "er" rhyme and when to pronounce "er" syllable directly.
7. ABB-type and AABB-type in overlapping adjectives can be read together with tone sandhi in reading, except for some cases of tone sandhi in oral reading.
8. Stop and break sentences properly, otherwise it may cause ambiguity or split the integrity of sentences.
Propositional speech
1, grafting. During the examination, if the topic of the proposition is inconsistent with the candidate's preparation in advance, grafting can be used to deal with it. For example, the topic prepared by candidates is my study life, and the topic of the exam is my holiday life. The candidate can say, "My holiday life is rich and colorful, and my favorite is studying. I like reading some famous literary works during my holidays.
2. Make a makeover. During the exam, candidates can repeat what they have recited in advance, which can avoid being deducted a lot of points because of insufficient preparation. When retelling, try to dilute the traces of reciting, so that the tester can't hear that he is reciting the manuscript. The emphasis is on technical treatment. First, make the prepared content colloquial, for example, fully consider this when preparing the manuscript, and use common spoken words; Second, the modal particles "ba" and "ma" or some buzzwords "this" and "that" can be used appropriately, but attention should be paid to avoiding excessive use; Third, use less words in classical Chinese and words with strong colors, and use more simple sentences and short sentences to avoid using long sentences with complex structures; The fourth is to strive for simplicity, flexibility and fluency.
3. broaden the topic. Some topics are not more limited, so candidates should not limit themselves to topics. For example, the topic "My favorite festival" is mistaken for "My favorite festival" by some candidates, which will lead to nothing to say because of the self-limitation of the topic. Candidates should not only talk about a certain festival, but even talk about New Year's Eve from the first day of the first month. During the exam, if the prepared content is finished and the specified time has not yet arrived, you can contact the relevant content to continue speaking. For example, on the topic of "my favorite animal", the examinee said, "My favorite animal is a dog. I used to have a dog at home. After talking about "dogs", if the time is not up yet, candidates can go on to say, "Besides dogs, I also like cats. My family used to have a cat. "
4. Read common words correctly. In the test, there are some common words that cfangidates often mispronounce, such as because (wèi pronounced wéi), comparison (jiào pronounced jiǐ o), management (jǐn pronounced Jiěn), reason (chǔ pronounced chù), result (jié pronounced jiē) and.
There are too many dry goods for "proposition speaking". In this part, testers are more concerned about whether there are problems in pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar. , and whether it is fluent. They don't pay much attention to the content of the speech, as long as they don't digress too much, they are generally more tolerant. As long as we take the right method, make full preparations, relax and take the exam calmly, we will certainly achieve satisfactory results.
Skills of practicing Putonghua 5 1, Putonghua test skills
First of all, the first question should read monosyllabic words correctly and not wrongly; Pronunciation should be full in place (opening); Tones should be in place, and every tone should be pronounced in place, especially three tones; Pay attention to your key and difficult sounds. Most of them are nasal sounds and flat tongue (whether the tongue is rolled or not).
2. Putonghua test skills
Secondly, the second question reads disyllabic words, and words can't be mispronounced, especially mispronounced words and disyllabic words, which can't be looked up; Each set of questions has 3-4 light words, of which 3 light words must be read (must be read softly); If there are children's words, we should master the spelling rules and pay attention to the pronunciation of special words such as "neck, pear";
The rules of tone sandhi should be mastered, such as "Guo", where the first word is pronounced in two tones and the second word in three tones; Is there three sounds after a word or must it be read in place?
3. Putonghua test skills
The third problem is to be familiar with the work when reading a short passage, not too many words and too few words, and not to pause improperly.
4. Putonghua test skills
Fourth, speak naturally and fluently, never recite the manuscript, just say it as usual.
If you only want to score 80 points, then you can read the second and third questions word by word and pursue the accuracy of each word. If you want to get high marks, you must listen more, practice more and imitate more, and pursue natural fluency.
Practice the skills of speaking Mandarin 6 1. Pay attention to the eating rules before the exam.
A few days before the exam, a normal diet is also very important. You don't need to drink too many so-called supplements to avoid some unexpected situations such as stomach pain and discomfort during the exam.
2. Come to the examination room 15 minutes in advance.
No matter how far your home is from the examination room, try to come to the examination room 10- 15 minutes in advance. If you can't enter the examination room, you can also go to the entrance of the examination room in advance to familiarize yourself with the environment here to avoid being affected by the environment.
Look for ways to relieve tension
Facing the exam, everyone will be more or less nervous. The more people pay attention to the exam results, the more nervous they will be. So when they feel nervous, they can take a deep breath and hint at themselves to relieve their nervousness.
4. Pay attention to the pronunciation of flat tongue.
In pronunciation, southerners and northerners are very different, but in any case, we must pay attention to the standard of pronunciation, and we can practice our flat tongue pronunciation before the exam.
5. Reduce what you take for granted in your mind.
We will unconsciously use the reading speed we have developed before when we are in the exam and reading the test questions. Many words and new words are actually glanced at without careful reading, and then taken for granted in our minds. In fact, many words will be very different as long as they are read by one radical, so you must read them carefully.
6. Pay attention to your own rhythm when reading aloud
In reading aloud, it is very important to grasp the rhythm. Not too fast. If you are too fast, you will easily miss or make mistakes. It is suggested that you can slow down the pace and speed appropriately. In the process of recovering, it is also a process of gradually relieving tension. Of course, you need to pay attention to time.
7. Skills of speaking freely
This is the last question that many people are worried about. They worry that they have nothing to say, then they get nervous, and then they feel worse. In view of this, we can use a fixed framework when practicing oral English. No matter what the topic is, the settings of the beginning and the end are fixed, and the difference is only a slight change in the middle. For example, the opening remarks are set as follows: I have three opinions on this XX, and the closing remarks are set as follows: This is my opinion on XX, point 1, point 2 and point 3. The argument in the middle varies according to the topic. No matter what the topic is, it is easy for everyone to think of the first point, so let's talk about the first point first, then the second and third points. If you are in the first place,
Practice the Skills of Speaking Mandarin Chapter VII Speaking and Doing
The hardest thing for people to do is to keep what they say, but we still have to keep what we say. Because: First, it's a long story. Only by doing things can we do things. Second, if you don't keep your word, you will beat yourself and ruin your image. Praise equals self-mockery, and praise equals self-destruction. Honesty is the foundation of being a man. If you don't keep your word, aren't you slandering yourself and hitting yourself?
Beauty of language and beauty of form
A bad word turns ugly. The beauty of a person's language determines the beauty and ugliness of his image. Everyone may have this experience: seeing a beautiful woman with a high response rate on the street, I want to see more. But when you hear her swearing and swearing, she immediately becomes a pig in your eyes, and you don't want to look at her again. In fact, the ugliness of language is only the external expression of the relationship between spiritual beauty and image beauty. Because people are so rude and dirty because they are "thick-hearted"
When talking about small things, people are small and often say ordinary things to show people's customs. I'm talking about the influence of swearing, swearing and swearing on people's image beauty. In fact, even talking about trivial and vulgar things often will damage your image. When he was a teenager, our respected Premier Zhou set himself a goal of "three noes". That's why.
Speech and heart (including moral cultivation)
The way and content of speech are closely related to psychological factors such as people's morality, quality and personality (the relationship between speech and psychological factors is discussed separately). For example, people who are straightforward, honest and frank tend to react quickly and unobtrusively. This is because: the straight road is fast and the heart is fast. Soon, the heart will be straight, and the heart will be straight. You don't pretend to be good, but you don't pretend to be good. Selfless, fearless, swift, rash and calm.
However, not all words are really expressed. For example, social conversation is not a bosom friend. Unintentional words represent sincerity, and intentional words represent hypocrisy. Fancy is not beautiful, and words are not good.
Speech and thinking
Language should be a tool for the flow of ideas and an external manifestation of thinking. But many people seem to speak without thinking, just a simple external stab. As a result, of course, express trains are prone to accidents and troubles.
Think more when you do things, and think more when you say things. Think before you write, and think more before you speak. Wash more when you eat and think more when you talk. Talking without saying anything is "saying something stupid". It is better to be dumb than to lose too much. It's best to say nothing, but say nothing. People who can't control themselves will hurt themselves. Think more about what to bring when you go out and what to avoid when you speak.
Words and emotions
The way of speaking has a lot to do with the content and the mood when people speak. Hungry people eat, angry people speak. "A brain, forget everything." No matter when people are excessively angry or excited, it is easy to say something that is not their intention, or something that should not be said. This is because emotions will reduce people's reason and disturb people's thinking.
Many people regard other people's vows as "good words", which is really naive. Not to mention that many people with ulterior motives swear, even if they are "sincere", they must not be credible. Because, when moved, vows of eternal love are like drunk words. How many innocent girls have ruined their youth, their marriage and even their lives because they believe in the oath of "I only want you, and I will always love you".
The way and effect of the speech
It doesn't have to be bitter to cure a disease, and it doesn't have to be ugly to say it. Liang, how to throw up as soon as you eat is good for your illness? Good words, listening is boring. How can it be good? It only works if you eat it, and it only works if you listen to it. If you treat the disease again, you will not be able to swallow it; No matter how good you are, it's no use not listening. Eat according to the curative effect and speak according to the effect. Don't just pursue good motives, but pursue good results. Production and sales should be market-oriented, and words and deeds should be result-oriented. A good slope lies in flatness, and a good word lies in cleverness. What is mainly said here is that you should pay attention to your attitude and respect your personality.
In addition, pay attention to the frequency of speaking. Too much pulp is not sticky, and it is useless to say too much. Tired of eating too many delicacies and listening to too many good words. Therefore, don't talk too much, don't "say a thousand words", you know, the frequency of speaking is not proportional to the effect, or even proportional.
Therefore, when giving advice, persuading people, criticizing people and educating people to express their ideas in order to accept them, we must pay attention to the ways and means such as attitude, occasion, language and frequency. Otherwise, no one listens to good words, no one receives goodwill, and even goodwill is not returned.
Speak and obey
Only by listening well can you speak well. Only by listening well can we learn speaking skills from easy-going people; Only by listening well can we deeply understand the gist of what others are saying and help us to deal with it correctly. Only by being a "good listener" can you be a "good talker".
The beauty of "kind words"
An easy-going person not only dares to speak, but the most important thing is to say-say what he should say and what others want to hear. The word "talk" refers to one's own purpose, principle, theme, etc. Say not only what you should say, but also what others want to hear. Because what you want to say is not necessarily what people want to hear, or even what people are bored with. Everyone wants to drink sweet things and listen to good things. Therefore, those "easy-talking people" only say what others want to hear, while those "bad-talking people" only say what they want to say.
When talking to people, it should be timely, suitable for people and suitable for places. "Right time and right place" mainly means that you should divide your speech into different occasions to melt the atmosphere. "Suitable for people" means that speaking depends on the object. For example, seeing adults say "big talk" is not looked down upon; See people say "words" and don't be deceived; See malicious people say "malicious words" without being intimidated.
What you said is difficult to answer, but you can refute what you said. It's better to ask directly than to answer directly. If you meet someone who deliberately wants to embarrass you, at this time, saying or asking can not only solve your own problems, but also effectively fight back.
Articles are written for specific people, and words are believed by specific people. Concreteness is not only easy to recreate imagination and visualize language, but also easy to believe. Therefore, when we describe things and express our thoughts, we should be as specific as possible. People who make up lies take advantage of this by saying that they have eyebrows and eyes.
Don't procrastinate and speak hesitatingly. Procrastination will give people a feeling of being ignored, and speaking slowly will give people a feeling of dishonesty. The latter can also give people an uncomfortable feeling.
There is room for turning things around, but there is also room for discussion. You can't stir the pot when it is full, and you can't change it when it is full. Talking too much is too dead, as if the thread had tied a fast knot, as if it had cut off the back road for itself. The sentence "Don't exaggerate" makes sense.
What most people want to write but can't write is that they can write; Say what most people want to say but can't, that is, say it. Famous poems are true, famous sayings are true. Famous poems and famous sayings are actually very true reflections (sincerity) of objective facts. It's just that most of us don't do it easily. However, as long as we make unremitting efforts, we can greatly improve ourselves.
If words are to have power, they must have priority first. The main aspects of speech are like the main force and elite soldiers of the army, so speech that does not distinguish between primary and secondary is bound to be powerless.
If you want to settle accounts, you have to explain. It's best not to remember accounts that you can't remember, and it's best not to say if you don't know them. In fact, speaking clearly is the basic requirement of speaking.