From south to north, from east to west, almost everywhere is a "battleground for military strategists." Later, Nana Ogawa also understood, on the one hand, who made us a big country with a vast territory and rich resources, and a good place really doesn't know how many times more than a tiny place. On the other hand, this kind of thing, urban marketing, seemed to have been played in full swing at that time. How can local officials in one city and one place attract the attention of the central government and ensure that screaming children have milk to eat? Then you have to tell the emperor that I am a strategist here. No matter what you say, the emperor has to give me more food and grass, right?
Tired of seeing "a battleground for military strategists", Nana Ogawa became interested in China again. But after research. Nani, even the name "The First Biography" has blossomed everywhere?
Shanhaiguan: the first pass in the world
Let's talk about this Shanhaiguan first. Shanhaiguan, also known as Guan Yu, Guan Yu and Lu Linguan, is located in the northeast of Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province 15km, and is one of the northeast passes of the Great Wall of Ming Dynasty. Before 1990, it was considered as the starting point of the eastern end of the Great Wall in Ming Dynasty, and it was also known as the "Three Wonders" of the Great Wall in China (Shanhaiguan in the east, Zhenbeitai in the middle and Jiayuguan in the west).
There are different opinions about the origin of the title of Shanhaiguan, the first pass in the world. Even the author of this plaque hanging on the gate of Shanhaiguan is still inconclusive. One was written by Xiao Xian, a scholar in Chenghua eight years in Ming Dynasty and a native of Shanhaiguan. This theory can be found in Linyi County Annals, which was compiled by Guangxu in Qing Dynasty for four years. The second theory was written by Yan Song, a university student in Wuyingge during Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty. This theory can be found in Guan Yu's History of Anti-Japanese War published by 1933. Of course, there are some gossips, but the spread is really endless, and Nana Ogawa enjoys it here.
Shanhaiguan, as the first pass east of the Great Wall in Ming Dynasty, its military importance mainly concentrated in the middle and late Ming Dynasty. In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the main threat to the north came from Walla. From the azimuth, it mainly guards the northwest of Beijing. The famous battle of Beijing led by Qian (not the man who smokes and drinks and burns his head) is precisely because after the defeat and capture of Tubao in Ming Yingzong, Vala, who has the courage to overcome, took Yingzong as the carrier and divided his troops into Beijing in two ways. All the way through Fu Xuan to break Juyong Pass, all the way through Datong to break Amethyst Pass, and finally arrived at the gates of Beijing. Shanhaiguan at this time has not really surfaced.
By the late Ming Dynasty, Daming's main threat became jurchen. Why was Shanhaiguan so important in the Ming and Qing Dynasties that it was awarded the title of "the first pass in the world"? Nana Ogawa mentioned a man named Yuan Chonghuan, a famous overseer of Ji Liao in the late Ming Dynasty. Yuan Chonghuan's important victories in the early stage of the Anti-Japanese War, such as Ningyuan Victory (now Xingcheng, Liaoning Province) and Ningjin Victory (now Jinzhou, Liaoning Province), were all located in Liaoning Province. Today, the junction of Liaoning and Hebei provinces is still Shanhaiguan. Shanhaiguan, for the Ming Dynasty, was the last line of defense against Jurchen. Lost shanhaiguan, nuzhen fighters can basically unimpeded, enemy at the gates of Beijing.
Shanhaiguan was indeed synonymous with "the world" in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. Whoever owns Shanhaiguan will own splendid china and Wan Li in Shanhaiguan.
Jiayuguan: the first pass in the world
Jiayuguan, known as "the first male pass in the world", is also a "first in the world". Jiayuguan is located in the middle of the narrowest valley 5 kilometers west of Jiayuguan City, Gansu Province. The walls on both sides of the city pass through the desert Gobi, connecting the Great Wall of Montenegro in the north and the first pier in the world in the south. It is the westernmost part of the Great Wall in the Ming Dynasty. It was once called the throat of Hexi in history. Because of its steep terrain and magnificent architecture, it is called lock key. Jiayuguan is the traffic fortress of the ancient Silk Road and one of the three wonders of the Great Wall of China (Shanhaiguan in the east, Beitai in the middle and Jiayuguan in the west).
Jiayuguan is guarded by the famous Hexi Corridor. Badain Jaran Desert and Tengger Desert are in the north, and Qilian Mountain is in the south. The melting of glaciers in Qilian Mountain has formed a banded oasis at the foot of the mountain, which has become the only way to connect Xinjiang and the Central Plains, that is, the so-called "Silk Road" in later generations.
In the second year of founding ceremony in the Western Han Dynasty (12 1 years ago), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Huo Qubing, a general in title of generals in ancient times, to leave Gansu, right-click the Xiongnu and bring the whole Hexi region into the territory of the Western Han Dynasty. On the basis of Longxi County and Beidi County, Hexi, Wuwei, Zhangye, Jiuquan and Dunhuang counties were added to defend this traffic artery. The name of Gansu Province also comes from two counties, namely Ganzhou in Zhangye and Suzhou in Jiuquan.
At present, the main road connecting Wuwei, Zhangye, Jiayuguan and Dunhuang in Gansu Province is G30 Lianhuo Expressway. Its route direction is still the same as that of the ancient Hexi Corridor. In fact, the routes of many important transportation hubs in China still coincide with the old China roads. It is enough to see the importance of these roads since ancient times.
Yanmenguan: the first pass in China
Yanmenguan, located about 20 kilometers north of Daixian County, Xinzhou City, Shanxi Province, China, is an important pass on the Great Wall. Known as "the first pass in China", "there are nine jams in the world, and the Wild Goose Gate takes the lead". It is called "three customs" together with Ning Wuguan and Pianguan.
Nana Ogawa introduced the important geographical and military values of Shanxi and Datong in detail in his previous book "Why it is easy to win the world in Shanxi and not easy to win the world in Sichuan (Shanxi)". And this Yanmenguan is an important pass to guard Datong Basin and Taiyuan Basin.
In ancient times, if Datong fell, Taiyuan was in danger, and losing Taiyuan meant losing Shanxi, so North China, Guanzhong and the Central Plains were in danger. If North China, Guanzhong and Zhongyuan all fall, it will be the most famous partial security regime in history-Southern Song Dynasty. Everyone knows the final outcome of the Southern Song Dynasty.
In addition, there are nine fortresses in the world (from Lu Chunqiu's Lv Chunqiu), which generally refer to Yanmenguan, Juyongguan, Badaling Great Wall, Zijingguan, Chu Great Wall, Huangcaoliang, Jingxingguan, Sai and Pingjingguan.
Also, there are four famous customs in China, namely Shanhaiguan, Jiayuguan, Tongguan and Youyiguan.
Finally, post a map of the important pass in China. Behind every pass on the map is a "battleground for military strategists." Behind the battleground of military strategists is the history of countless Chinese sons and daughters' struggle and blood and tears for defending their homeland and nation for thousands of years.
By the way, the North China Plain with Beijing as the center and the Guanzhong Plain with Xi 'an as the center are surrounded by dangers, which is really amazing! Interested friends can look at the pictures carefully by themselves ~