Under the blue sky of the new curriculum, when angels release homework, we hope that the homework released by angels is true and the crystallization of true feelings; The homework should be alive, and the child's words are unscrupulous, rolling naive and naughty; Practice should be innovative. The flying of little angels is not followed by geese, but the expression of each angel's spiritual personality. To achieve such a flight, angels must have wings with individuality. Only by writing with individuality can we realize the freedom of thought and language expression; Do something unconventional and say something about yourself.
The sea is wide and the fish jumps, and the sky is high and birds fly. The little angel will fly to the sun in the real sky. Even if his wings are not beautiful, he will never jump on the false rosy clouds reflected on the beautiful sea. Personalized writing pays attention to the true nature of students' human nature, which will certainly deny the falsehood and extreme left tendency of moral preaching. Individualized composition naturally adheres to the consistency between characters and literature. If primary school students lose their freedom of mind and true feelings, the higher their intention, the lower their personality. Although primary school students need to learn and master fiction in their compositions, fiction is not allowed in primary school documentary compositions. I accept innocent, lovely and true mistakes that may appear at any time in my child's composition, but I will never tolerate them, let alone breed completely correct lies. Writing novels according to facts violates the highest principle of being a man-truth. If children are constantly guided to fiction at the beginning of writing, encourage three teachers to knead into one. This is not to instill the fact that it is a plasticine. What does it feel like to pinch? Doesn't this mean that everyone can and must lie in order to succeed? If children write more falsely from primary school to college, no one will have a moral burden over time; Immersed in vanity for a long time, then the dual personality will no longer be an individual freak, but will become a bloody indulgence of a nation. Angels will also become crows.
If we fabricate stories with "typical meaning" for the sake of "profound theme" and mislead fiction endlessly, then distorted personality will not bring happiness to a healthy life, let alone bring good news to others and society. Ignoring the truth will bring disaster to those who despise the truth. The experience of primary school students' diary "Rainbow Bridge Will Collapse" in Qijiang is the best example.
Children's writing is faced with a ready-made language with normative attributes. Composition teaching needs language rules and skills. The expression and communication between life and life is of course personalized, but at the same time, we must pay attention to language rules, otherwise this kind of communication will be impossible. This kind of communication is not to communicate after learning the rules; But through communication and expression. The rule is the warm airflow that angels hold up when they fly, and it will never be lightning that makes little angels learn to fly.
When the little angel flies, we should be generous and kind to the curve of flying and the height of falling. We should return children's world and children's language to children. Children in primary schools live in the world of adults and children. They should be free in their own world, feel the happiness of life and experience the beauty of the world and life. When little angels are flying, it is important to teach them to fly with the strength of their wings and the frequency of flapping their wings, instead of forcing them to jump into the blue sky with their grandparents' flying experience and laws. ...
Expressing children's life and emotions in children's language is fluent, natural, beautiful and highly personalized.
Little angel, born with the potential to fly. Writing is a powerful wing for angels to release their individuality.
Expert characteristics
Value Orientation and Implementation Strategy of Individualized Composition Teaching (Outline)
Zhang
First of all, the essence of writing teaching is to promote the development of students' individual life.
1 and 2 1 people who need healthy personality in the century.
2. The new curriculum needs students with healthy personality.
Chinese class should cultivate students' thoughts and feelings of loving the language and characters of the motherland, enrich language accumulation, cultivate language sense, develop thinking, initially master the basic methods of learning Chinese, develop good study habits, and enable them to have the abilities of literacy, reading, writing and oral communication to meet the actual needs, and correctly understand and use the language and characters of the motherland. Chinese course should improve students' moral quality and aesthetic taste through edification and infection, and gradually form a good personality and a sound personality.
Humanism of Chinese curriculum, paying attention to the healthy development of students' personality;
The richness of humanistic connotation of Chinese curriculum determines the inherent differences of the curriculum itself and the feelings and experiences of students in the process of Chinese learning, which must be individual;
Children are unique life individuals, and their personality is born and grows with the growth of life;
3. Writing is the most unique learning for children.
Zankov —— An important purpose of composition teaching is to "give full play to students' personal characteristics and complete personality".
Yu: "composition training, in the final analysis, is the training of expressing and communicating life." Primary school composition is the independent behavior of every student's life, which determines that exercise teaching is naturally personalized.
Liu Xiqing: If the composition is to be realistic, the composition is to write my self-satisfied point of view, express my natural feelings and express my interest in freedom with my free pen. This is character. Primary school students' self-satisfaction and self-discovery in life are very small, but they have realized it themselves. This ability to discover should be encouraged. Natural feelings are the joy, anger, sadness and joy in life, which are naturally expressed. The pen of freedom is essentially a pen of personality, and pen and ink should also have personality. Egoism, writing should be interesting.
Writing truly is the crystallization of every student's true feelings. To do this, personalized writing is necessary.
Practice should be lively, and there is no forbidden area for coverage and genre theme. To do this, writing must have individuality, which can realize the freedom of thought and language expression.
Practice should be new and innovative expressions should appear. If you want to be original, you have to say your own words, which requires individuality.
Second, the unity of personality and style is the value orientation of personalized writing teaching.
Primary school students' writing is not creation, but writing practice, which is to turn oral mother tongue learning into written mother tongue expression ability exercise. Homework is to write about children's life, let children pay attention to the life around them with their eyes, emphasize the expression of true feelings, and emphasize the concrete fluency of words. Individualized writing teaching in the new century will certainly weaken the teaching and teaching function of writing, and will strengthen the catharsis and training (self-entertainment) function of primary school students' writing. Curriculum standards are laws and regulations, and the results of several generations of educational reform. All teachers should be bound by it. Primary school students' composition no longer requires mental health, clear center, typical materials and vivid composition of the whole class. This is a recognition of the authenticity and life of the exercise. In the sense of laws and regulations, every teacher should abide by the curriculum standards.
(1) True personality will determine healthy literature.
Truth is the basis of promoting students' healthy personality development. Personality is the real process of children's life development and the reflection of real life. Writing is like a man. Individualized writing teaching will definitely pay attention to students' true humanity, and will definitely deny the extreme left tendency of falsehood and preaching. We accept innocent and lovely true mistakes that may appear at any time in children's compositions, but we will never tolerate them, let alone breed completely correct lies.
A vain literary work will create a dual personality. Literary quality is the quality of everyone's discourse system, which directly affects the truth and quality of emotional expression and communication. Discourse quality should be the core of discourse system. Only by persistently cultivating the consistency of students' thoughts, words and deeds can the integrity of students' discourse system be established.
If primary school students lose their freedom of mind and true feelings, the higher their intention, the lower their personality. There are many false articles written, and over time, no one will have a moral burden; Over time, vanity and dual personality will no longer be a personal matter, but will become a bloody indulgence of a nation. Respect for others is the foundation of personality.
Different types of exercises will follow different rules. Pupils need to learn and master novels, and composition teaching in primary schools needs novels. The differences in goals, nature and tasks between writing in primary school and imaginary writing lead to different laws. Documentary composition resolutely opposes fiction; Imagination, looking at pictures, etc. encourage children to imagine boldly and be good at fiction.
Different ball games have different rules, so the spiking rules of volleyball cannot be applied to football. Virtual composition is a fictional component that should be fictional.
My dad's shock in Xinmin Evening News
Students' interpretation of Macao's return to China
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Ignoring real facts and misusing fiction bring shame and disaster. For the so-called profound theme, shaping tall people, compiling stories with "typical significance" and endlessly encouraging students to make fiction, then distorted personality will not bring happiness to healthy individuals, let alone bring good news to others and society.
Ignoring the truth will bring disaster to those who despise the truth. Diary of Rainbow Bridge and the Collapse of Primary School Students in Qijiang: A Fiction of the Soviet Spaceship Komalov Air Disaster in Middle School of Publishing House.
(2) Respect for others is the foundation of personality.
A multi-dimensional and colorful world needs people with different personalities. Everyone has the right to develop their own healthy personality, and at the same time they have the obligation to safeguard the healthy personality of others. Respecting others is a kind of personality, a kind of civilization and the soil on which personalized composition teaching depends. On the premise of respecting others, let each student's personality grow healthily.
Thirdly, individualized composition teaching should build an open primary school writing teaching system.
(1) Open the writing. Composition teaching in primary schools should let students' feelings, thoughts and emotions stand in front, and let our moral education, language rules and logic teaching hide behind.
We need to open up the time and space for students to express themselves, and strive to increase students' freedom of choice in writing topics, content, theme, genre, language, completion time and so on. And take good care of each child's writing personality.
(2) Open writing language. Let children communicate and express with others in their own way of speaking and language, and then leave the adult language, develop the children's language first, and then standardize the language. This is an escalator, not a bondage.
(3) Smooth writing channels. Complex personality should develop healthily, the space for development should be as open as possible, and the path of development should be as colorful as possible.
Write short message compositions in groups, compile books and compositions.
Photographic composition online composition
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(4) Open writing evaluation. None of the students we face are the same. For their expression full of personality, it is natural to refuse to look at the object, not to talk about the development and changes of the unified format of the composition, and to evaluate it across the board.
We must change the concept of evaluation: subject participation; Sharing resources; Harmonious atmosphere; Highlight the key points.
The evaluation time moves forward and the evaluation methods are diverse.
Fourthly, individualized composition teaching should implement three priority strategies.
1, focusing on students' experience and respecting students' individual feelings.
The first rule of children's life development is that the development of sensory system precedes the development of writing system. If students are not allowed to fully experience and appreciate the true and profound unique feelings, there will never be a personalized composition.
The failure of traditional composition teaching often ignores students' true feelings. Composition teaching emphasizes unified requirements, the group objectively "observes life" and pays attention to the regular knowledge of guiding writing. Often divorced from students' feelings and experiences, they stir up cold meals about examination, thinking, beginning and end, and layout. Individualized composition teaching should emphasize the importance of individual subjective reaction and "experiencing life". Successful individualized composition teaching is first of all the students' feelings. Facing life, the attitude of "experience" should be profound rather than superficial, penetrating life rather than just reflecting it. Only when the building is based on real feelings and unique experiences, the individual composition is the composition with real meaning and value. Only such a composition can become an important element of students' spiritual life and promote the formation of students' healthy personality.
The case of "eating watermelon" in the fourth grade taught by the author.
2. Students should give priority to thinking and open up the space for individualized thinking.
The development of thinking system precedes the development of language system, which is the second law of children's life development. In order to make students realize personalized expression, we must promote students' personalized thinking. Descartes famously said, "I think, therefore I am." From the perspective of composition teaching, this "existence" is the object that composition needs to describe and pay attention to. Due to the confusion, ambiguity and uncertainty of "existence" and the influence of various bad habits and accumulated disadvantages of traditional composition, this "existence" cannot spontaneously jump out of the students' language and become an infinitely wonderful "existence" of "me". Therefore, the composition must have a "I want to" cut. Only the tentacles of "I think" can uncover all kinds of fog around "I am" and make composition a powerful carrier and platform for "I am".
The case of "knowledge of falling eggs" and "I found ……" taught by the author.
3. Give priority to students' emotions and guide students to express themselves individually.
Zankov said that writing a composition according to the traditional method may appear "rigorous" and "organized". But this kind of "rigor" and "order" is arranged by the teacher in advance, not the students' own things. The ability to write a composition is not taught. "The systematization of consciousness-the unity of cognition and feeling-is the source of thinking logic."
Primary school students are faced with a ready-made language with normative attributes when writing. Composition teaching needs language rules and skills. The expression and communication between life. In the process of children's life development, emotion precedes morality. Homework should also be filled with emotion in the language, and morality should be hidden behind the homework content.
Children's exercises are of course personalized, but at the same time, we must pay attention to language rules, otherwise this kind of communication is impossible. This kind of communication is not to communicate after learning the rules; But through communication and expression to learn and learn from. Language rules are handrails and ladders for children to express themselves individually and communicate with others, but they should never become obstacles for students to communicate.
Living works and touching exercises are deep feelings, not cold morals. Speech is a language used by individuals to express their inner passion and imagination based on their own life experience, and its personalized color deserves attention and attention. As long as teachers fully trust students and try to encourage students to refine what their eyes find from their own perspective and language, the personalized language presented is still exciting. For example, in the same experiment of throwing eggs, students wrote various composition topics: the adventure of eggs, an interesting composition class, an interesting teacher Zhang, an interesting experiment, iron eggs, birds flying out of eggs, mission impossible, difficult and bold experiments. Success, the story of eggs, eggs should be safe, me and my eggs, I-genius, the ending of eggs? 》……
While fully affirming and supporting each student's personalized expression, we should demonstrate, guide and train the language norms of primary school students in a timely, moderate and organic manner.
First, let students gradually understand and master the laws of language and characters through diversified reading and writing practices. Mr Wei Shusheng appeared in My Good Friend and made a sentence.
Second, while fully affirming students' simple and true language, encourage and advocate children's unique poetic language. Before Teachers' Day, in the atmosphere of respecting teachers and attaching importance to teaching, the second-grade teachers guided the children in the class to express their blessings and thanks to the teachers more beautifully. In a specific classroom teaching atmosphere, children's passion and personality collide with the wisdom of teachers and partners, resulting in many amazing poems.
Thirdly, through the revolution of evaluation methods, the study of language norms is completed in the practice of students' self-evaluation and mutual evaluation, appreciation of successful examples of partners' personalized language, and group repair of personalized language expression defects.
The core of personalized expression is of course children's language. Secondly, we should pay attention to the role of composition structure in personalized expression. The form here is not only a simple division of writing styles such as narration, explanation and discussion, but also a "form" as an organic and important part of the composition itself. In 1980s, the combination of composition teaching and school teaching formed an example of harmonious teaching as a whole.
References:
Ministry of Education revised Chinese curriculum standards in 2004.
Liu Xiqing's Reading Easily, New Composition,No. 1 2003.
Zhou's Life Monologue and Spiritual Dialogue, a new composition, the first issue in 2003.
Wu Ligang's Correctly Handling the Relationship between Free Expression and Chinese Basis in Exercise Teaching, the first issue of primary and secondary school textbooks in 2004.
Zhang's composition and the teaching of modern primary school exercises. China Press, 2002.
Zhang's practice and thinking on primary school life writing, Writing Teaching Ideas and Teaching Monthly, 2003 1 1.
On the Value Orientation of Mr. Zhang's Composition Teaching, published in China Primary School Chinese Teaching Forum,No. 1 2004.
Three thoughts on the reform of composition teaching in primary schools
Ke Kongbiao, Teaching and Research Section of Zhejiang Education Department
First, the possibility of writing in advance
Starting low-level composition in advance is an important measure in the reform of composition teaching in many primary schools. Can junior children write compositions? Or, what is the possibility of writing in advance in theory and practice? To answer the above questions, we should first talk about the similarities and differences between spoken and written language. According to traditional linguistic works, written language is the recording symbol and recording form of spoken language, with language (spoken language) before writing.
Recent research shows that the historical origins of spoken and written languages are synchronous, but their functions are different. Spoken language originated from shouting, and words originated from graffiti. The pictographs depicted by primitive people in caves, pottery and clay in the Neolithic age may be the original forms of characters in all countries of the world. Spoken language is an auditory symbol, which is mainly responsible for daily communication; Written language is a kind of visual symbol, which mainly expresses the image in the heart. From the origin of characters, although spoken and written languages are related, they are two symbol systems with different functions and properties, which can be studied separately.
This relationship between synchronization and separation can also be found in the special case of individual language development. For example, when children learn to speak, they can know Chinese characters, symbols and numbers at the same time. Sometimes children can recognize Chinese characters and numbers without saying a word. For another example, in the past, most village party secretaries and village heads in rural areas were illiterate, but they talked about it in Kan Kan, which was logical and convincing; On the contrary, deaf people can't speak since childhood, but they can learn words and communicate with people in sign language and written language, which can basically meet the needs of daily life and study.
Students studying in primary and secondary schools are all healthy children. Living in a modern civilized society full of written language since childhood, it is rare to see the complete separation of spoken and written language development. The author has an assumption that every child is born with the potential to learn all languages, and the situation that children are ahead in spoken language and behind in written language is caused by acquired factors such as life and education. Therefore, the task of Chinese teaching is to promote the synchronous and coordinated development of children's spoken and written language by learning Chinese. After children enter primary school, they should focus on learning written language and improve their oral communication ability. The focus of Chinese teaching is to let children learn to communicate with themselves in written language. If you don't understand this, it will artificially widen the gap between oral and written language development and affect children's future study and development.
Writing in advance is not only possible, but also necessary. Experiments show that writing in advance meets the needs of children to express their inner world in words, and promotes children's psychological development and overall improvement of Chinese literacy. Of course, in the process of operation, teachers must understand that low-level compositions can only be graffiti-style compositions, which are limited to the physical and mental level and literacy of primary and secondary school students. The main purpose of writing in advance is to stimulate children's desire for expression and interest in homework. The standards should not be too high, the requirements should not be too rigid, and "writing guidance" should not be engaged, weakening the teaching of literacy and reading. Otherwise, it will increase the burden on children in vain and extinguish their interest in homework, which is counterproductive. The basic requirement of low-level composition is still to "write all the words", but when training, let children write in certain situations, write a few words or a meaningful paragraph, write whatever they want, and write as much as they want, so that children can find the composition interesting and express their thoughts and feelings. At this time, the overall appearance of the composition written by the children may be: most sentences are unreasonable, incoherent, punctuation is wrong, and typos are constant. However, children write in a very relaxed and free state of mind, and there are always one or several sentences in the composition that are complete, which not only completes the knowledge and ability goals of the composition, but also permeates the emotion, attitude and values goals of the composition. Is this more meaningful than simply repeating "four elements in one sentence"?
Second, what are the difficulties in composition teaching?
Since the founding of New China, the research results of composition teaching in primary schools have been fruitful and there are many teaching schools. However, the problem of "difficulty in writing, fear of writing" has been puzzling teachers and students. People have analyzed many reasons, but few people have thought about this question from the perspective of language learning itself: I often wonder why children are born afraid of speaking and writing. Why can three-year-old children basically learn language communication, and many students can't write coherent sentences until they graduate from primary school? As long as we compare and analyze the differences between oral and written language learning conditions, we can find the social communication needs during the composition learning period, so we lack the internal motivation to learn written language. It can be seen that the study of written language is compulsory in general. Without the support of external motivation, children can't continue to actively read and write. In fact, most people can not write articles all their lives, but they can't remain silent for a day.
Comparison table of learning conditions of spoken and written language