Basic introduction to the importance of innovation and entrepreneurship

What kind of weight does innovation and entrepreneurship have for the country and individuals? What role does it play in entrepreneurial reform? The following are articles related to the importance of innovation and entrepreneurship that I have compiled for you. Jia Hongbo: The country’s guiding role in innovation and entrepreneurship should be increased

At the ongoing “Innovation Driven and Capital Leadership” Summit Forum, Jia Hongbo, Secretary-General of the China Asset Management Association, said that management attaches great importance to innovation and entrepreneurship play a driving role in economic transformation. However, there are currently many problems in innovation and entrepreneurship, and more guidance should be provided.

Jia Hongbo pointed out that the main problems in innovation and entrepreneurship are as follows: First, the success rate of entrepreneurship is low and blindness is high, resulting in a waste of social resources. Second, some institutions and individuals strive for preferential policies in the name of "mass entrepreneurship and innovation", but they actually engage in some restrictive industries such as real estate, deviating from the original intention of the country's policies. Third, the original innovation is insufficient and the quality of innovation is not high; there are many superficial and superficial innovations, and some even stay in repetitive, low-threshold, and non-technical innovations. Some projects have too much traces of hype and packaging and are divorced from reality. .

Jia Hongbo said that as a systematic project, innovation and entrepreneurship need to increase guidance and create a good social environment. Compared with countries such as the United States, Britain, Germany, and Japan, China's "mass entrepreneurship and innovation" has just started, and needs to be continuously improved in terms of basic supporting facilities such as innovation training, culture, and education. A brief discussion on the importance of innovation and entrepreneurship plans for college students

Practice is the source of understanding and the inexhaustible driving force for development. Understanding and improving the initiative of practice, correct understanding can actively promote the occurrence and development of practice. develop. People have been discussing how practice and knowledge can be closely combined to create value for mankind, and innovation and entrepreneurship is a process of perfect combination of knowledge and practice. "Innovation and Entrepreneurship Plan" is commonly found among college students in various schools. For example, the preschool education major of the School of Humanities and Education of Shandong Union College held a project discussion meeting on "Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Plan". Each college in our school also held a project application for the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Plan for College Students. pep rally. In order to facilitate readers to further understand the "Innovation and Entrepreneurship Plan", the author makes an in-depth analysis from the following aspects.

1. A brief overview of innovation and entrepreneurship education

Innovation and entrepreneurship education originated in developed countries such as the United States and has gone through three stages of development - start-up, development and maturity. At different stages of development, the focus of innovation and entrepreneurship education is different. In the initial stage, it mainly focuses on imparting entrepreneurial knowledge and classroom teaching; in the development stage, it mainly focuses on cultivating students' comprehensive abilities; in the mature stage, it focuses on cultivating students' professionalism. and pioneering spirit. In the long-term development process, it has also formed three education models, namely, the professional education model based on classroom education; the cooperative education model that combines universities, enterprises, and society; and the college student entrepreneurship model formed through entrepreneurship competitions and entrepreneurship projects. education model. Compared with foreign countries, my country's innovation and entrepreneurship education started late and developed slowly, so it is particularly necessary to learn from relevant foreign education models.

2. The significance of cultivating the innovation and entrepreneurship abilities of college students

1. Cultivating the innovation and entrepreneurship abilities of college students is an effective way to alleviate the severe employment situation of college students. In 2001, there were only 1.07 million graduates from ordinary colleges and universities in my country. In 2003, there were 2.12 million graduates. By 2013, the number quickly rose to 6.99 million. However, the number of jobs in society as a whole has not increased correspondingly with the increase in the number of graduates, that is, an imbalance has occurred. Many college students face the embarrassing situation of being unemployed after graduation. The number of unemployed undergraduate graduates rose from 340,000 in 2001 to 520,000 in 2003, and reached 1.44 million in 2013, and its continued upward trend has not been achieved. Signs of containment. Affected by the international financial crisis and the country's delayed retirement policy, the current employment situation is becoming increasingly severe. Educators are making various thoughts and attempts on how to break through the educational bottleneck and ease employment pressure. As a highly knowledgeable group, college students have a good internal foundation and conditions for innovation and entrepreneurship, and can play a very good leading and leading role in national entrepreneurship. Therefore, in addition to the elective courses on innovation and entrepreneurship organized in schools, Anhui Province has provided free innovation and entrepreneurship training to college students since 2011, and has targeted GYB (Generate Your Business Idea), SYB (Start a Business) Your Business) and other training models help some college students who are willing to start a business to enhance their innovative concepts, clarify their entrepreneurial goals, and master the necessary professional knowledge for entrepreneurship, so that they can stand out in future competition.

2. Cultivating college students’ innovation and entrepreneurship capabilities is a need to adapt to the rapid development of modern society. With the rapid development of science and technology in the current society, the competition in the talent market is becoming increasingly fierce, which has led to modern enterprises’ requirements for the comprehensive quality of employees to be higher and higher. This is also a factor that cannot be ignored when it is difficult for college graduates to find employment.

For the chemistry major, the observation and detection of chemical substances and reaction processes has evolved from simple naked eye observation to the accurate positioning of various high-end precision instruments, such as atomic spectroscopy, molecular spectroscopy, chromatography, spectrophotometry, and laser spectroscopy. Method, Raman spectroscopy, etc., coupled with the use of computers, make the detection and analysis more convenient, faster and more accurate. This requires us to master the necessary skills for using high-tech instruments. If we do not improve our comprehensive and innovative abilities, and do not learn and improve our various instruments, then the development prospects of chemistry will become bleak. At work, we must not only have a rigorous and pragmatic style and a strong sense of work responsibility, but also have a solid foundation and extraordinary innovative spirit. Only in this way can we have a place in the fierce competition and become the best among our peers.

3. Cultivating college students’ innovation and entrepreneurship capabilities is a need for building an innovative country and implementing the strategy of “rejuvenating the country through science and education”. Comrade Jiang Zemin once pointed out that innovation is the soul of a nation's progress and the inexhaustible driving force for national prosperity; the competition in comprehensive national strength in today's world is ultimately a competition for scientific and technological strength and a competition for high-quality talents. A country with innovative capabilities and a large number of high-quality human resources will have great potential to develop a knowledge economy. Vigorously cultivating college students' innovation and entrepreneurship capabilities can provide society with a large number of new young people with innovative thinking, and can effectively maintain and promote the establishment of a national innovation system, which is in line with my country's development strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education and building an innovative country.

3. The Importance of Cultivating College Students’ Innovation and Entrepreneurship Ability

The Ministry of Education pointed out in the “Opinions on Vigorously Promoting Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education in Colleges and Universities and College Students’ Self-Employment Work”:? The implementation of innovation and entrepreneurship education in schools is an important way to deepen the reform of higher education teaching and cultivate students' innovative spirit and practical ability; it is an important measure to implement entrepreneurship to promote employment and promote full employment of college graduates. ?The purpose of cultivating innovation and entrepreneurship capabilities is to stimulate and tap students' enthusiasm for innovation and entrepreneurship, so that students can understand the new trends in technological development and new opportunities for entrepreneurship in society, and point the way forward for future learning and entrepreneurship. In recent years, the "Innovation and Entrepreneurship Plan" competition has become more and more important among college students. At present, there are two parallel projects in the national series of science and technology academic competitions for college students, one of which is the extracurricular academic science and technology work competition; the other is the entrepreneurial plan competition, which mainly focuses on entrepreneurial projects. The implementation of this entrepreneurship plan competition is not just to win a few gold medals, but to give students a platform. It is hoped that through this model, students can be given innovative education and improve their innovation and entrepreneurship capabilities. Such activities have played a very good role among college students. For example, on December 16, 2012, in the "Kunshan Huaqiao Cup" Anhui Province 7th College Student Career Planning and Design Competition, the School of Foreign Languages ??of our school won the gold medal in the career planning group and the mechanical The School of Engineering won the Gold Award in the Entrepreneurship Group and the School of Chemical Engineering won the Silver Award in the Entrepreneurship Group. In the competition, the students united as one and cooperated actively. They not only showed their creative and pioneering spirit, but also showed their determination to work hard. They showed the new look and spirit of the post-90s generation and made the public firmly believe in the post-90s generation. confidence. At the same time, it also inspired many students to re-examine themselves, set clear goals, combine theory with practice, be diligent in thinking, and start various innovative and entrepreneurial attempts.

The times call for innovation, and the times call for entrepreneurship. By carrying out innovation and entrepreneurship education among contemporary college students, we are bound to cultivate a large number of talents with innovative abilities, which can bring more jobs to the society and enable Society gets better development. Contemporary college students should strengthen their own experience, improve their various abilities, and more effectively accept the mission given by society, so as to become the leader of society and be at the forefront of the times. The significance of innovation and entrepreneurship

1. The connotation of entrepreneurship and innovation

Entrepreneurship is a way of thinking, reasoning and behavior. It is driven by opportunities and requires comprehensive consideration and ownership of methods. Harmonious leadership. Entrepreneurship requires dedicating time and effort, taking corresponding financial, mental and social risks, and achieving social behavior with the purpose of obtaining financial returns, personal satisfaction and independence.

Innovation refers to using existing thinking patterns to propose insights that are different from conventional or ordinary people's thinking, using existing knowledge and materials, in a specific environment, based on ideal needs or for Behaviors that improve or create new things, methods, elements, paths, and environments to meet social needs and obtain certain beneficial effects.

2. Basic conditions for entrepreneurship and innovation

(1) New technological revolution provides convenient tools for mass innovation and entrepreneurship

(2) Scientific and technological innovation and institutional reform , providing conditions for mass innovation and entrepreneurship.

(3) High-quality talents provide a source of wisdom for mass innovation and entrepreneurship

3. The great significance of innovation and entrepreneurship

(1) Mass innovation and entrepreneurship is a stable New driving force for growth

(2) Mass innovation and entrepreneurship is a new way to adjust structure

(3) Mass innovation and entrepreneurship is a new way to innovate industrial organizations

(4) Mass innovation and entrepreneurship is the new vitality driven by innovation

4. Measures to promote entrepreneurship and innovation

(1) Build a group of low-cost, convenient, all-factor, open of maker space.

(2) Lower the threshold for innovation and entrepreneurship. Deepen the reform of the commercial system and provide convenience for industrial and commercial registration of start-up enterprises.

(3) Encourage scientific and technological personnel and college students to start their own businesses.

(4) Support innovation and entrepreneurship public services.

(5) Strengthen the guidance of financial funds.

(6) Improve the venture capital and financing mechanism.

(7) Enrich innovative and entrepreneurial activities and establish and improve an entrepreneurial guidance system.

(8) Create a cultural atmosphere of innovation and entrepreneurship. Theoretical and practical significance of mass entrepreneurship and innovation

Promoting mass entrepreneurship and innovation is the source of power for development, and it is also the way to enrich the people, to be fair, and to strengthen the country. The 2015 Central Economic Work Conference clearly stated that we must adhere to the in-depth implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy, promote mass entrepreneurship and innovation, and rely on reform and innovation to accelerate the growth of new driving forces and the transformation and upgrading of traditional driving forces. How to understand the significance of mass entrepreneurship and innovation from a theoretical and practical level, and how to release the vitality of entrepreneurship and innovation from a practical level and create new driving forces for economic and social development? We have invited relevant experts and scholars to elaborate on these issues in depth.

The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly proposed the implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy as an urgent and important strategic task related to the overall situation of the national economy. The Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China ranked innovation as the first of the five major development concepts, and further pointed out that to adhere to innovative development, we must place innovation at the core of the overall development of the country and continuously promote theoretical innovation, institutional innovation, scientific and technological innovation, cultural innovation, etc. Innovate in all aspects, let innovation penetrate all the work of the party and the country, and make innovation become a common practice in the whole society. Premier Li Keqiang proposed in the 2015 Government Work Report to promote mass entrepreneurship and innovation and cultivate and generate new driving forces for economic and social development. In June this year, the State Council promulgated the "Opinions on Several Measures to Vigorously Promote Mass Entrepreneurship and Mass Innovation," which clearly stated that promoting mass entrepreneurship and mass innovation is an inevitable choice for cultivating and generating new driving forces for economic and social development, and is an important step in expanding employment and enriching the people. The fundamental measure is an effective way to stimulate the innovation potential and entrepreneurial vitality of the whole society. This is the result of carefully summarizing the practical experience and theoretical understanding of development at home and abroad. It is in line with the development reality and innovation trend of the world today and has important theoretical and practical significance.

1. Mass entrepreneurship and mass innovation reveal the scientific connotation and essential requirements of the theory of innovation and entrepreneurship

Economist Schumpeter believed that innovation is the recombination of production factors by entrepreneurs. . Later, the concept and theory of innovation continued to develop. Drucker, an American management scientist, believes that innovation is the act of giving resources new capabilities to create wealth. There are two main types of innovation: technological innovation and social innovation. The famous economist North believes that the development of the world economy is a process in which institutional innovation and technological innovation continue to promote each other. Compared with innovation theory, entrepreneurship research started relatively late and has not yet formed a unified analytical framework. It is generally believed that entrepreneurship refers to the process in which a person discovers and captures opportunities and thereby creates new products or services. The main symbol and characteristic is the creation of new products or services. business or new organization. Entrepreneurship is not limited to the activity of starting a new business, but also exists in existing businesses. Entrepreneurs can refer to both founders of new businesses and innovative entrepreneurs in existing businesses.

In the economics community, innovation and entrepreneurship are two concepts that are closely related but different. The two have a complementary and substitutive relationship to a certain extent. Innovation is the foundation and soul of entrepreneurship, and entrepreneurship is essentially an innovative activity. However, entrepreneurship and innovation are also different. From the existing economic theory and research, innovation places more emphasis on its relationship with economic growth. The more famous one is economist Solow's quantitative measurement of the contribution of technological progress to economic growth. Entrepreneurship has a richer connotation, not only involving innovation, but also involving employment and social development, as well as fairness and justice.

There are many factors that affect innovation and entrepreneurship, including national quality, basic research level, scientific research infrastructure conditions, institutional policy environment, etc., but the core is the human factor, and the key is the development and growth of innovative enterprises. To a certain extent, promoting innovative development means adhering to a people-oriented approach to promoting innovation, improving the education level of the people, and fully mobilizing and stimulating people's entrepreneurial and innovative genes. That is to insist on promoting innovation with enterprises as the main body, vigorously promote the development of entrepreneurial enterprises, and strengthen the role of enterprises as engines of innovation.

The proposal of mass entrepreneurship and mass innovation closely integrates the key elements of entrepreneurship, innovation, people and enterprises. It not only highlights the need to create an engine of economic growth, but also highlights the need to create an environment for employment and social development. The engine not only highlights elite entrepreneurship, but also highlights grassroots entrepreneurship and practical innovation, embodies the general requirements for innovative development of entrepreneurship, innovation, people and enterprises, reveals the scientific connotation and essential requirements of innovation and entrepreneurship theory, and provides innovation Entrepreneurship theory and practice research opens up new and exciting new horizons.

2. Mass entrepreneurship and mass innovation reflect the history of human innovation development and the general laws of economic development

Who should be responsible for innovation and entrepreneurship? How to choose entrepreneurs? What should the government do? What to do? These are questions we often encounter in promoting the development of innovation and entrepreneurship. Nowadays, some people believe that entrepreneurship is a matter for a few "genius" people, who must have such and such qualities and conditions. In fact, this is a misunderstanding.

The history of human social development is actually a history of mass entrepreneurship and innovation. For example, many major technologies in the steam engine revolution were invented by mechanics. my country's practice since its reform and opening up fully illustrates this point. For example, after the reform of the rural system in the early 1980s with the household contract system as the core, farmers' enthusiasm for entrepreneurship was greatly stimulated. A large number of township enterprises suddenly emerged, creating a number of entrepreneurial enterprises represented by Wanxiang Group today. . Since then, with the reform of the economic system and the scientific and technological system, a large number of scientific researchers and employees of state-owned enterprises have gone abroad to start their own businesses, which has led to the sudden emergence of a large number of private enterprises, creating a number of entrepreneurial enterprises represented by Huawei, Lenovo, Haier, etc. today. Many of these are "grassroots entrepreneurship", mass entrepreneurship and innovation. Moreover, looking back now, many successful enterprises are often "grassroots" completed.

Therefore, to promote innovation and entrepreneurship, we must change the way we select athletes. We should promote innovation and entrepreneurship in the whole society, create a market environment for fair competition, and allow the broad masses of the people to participate in the tide of innovation and entrepreneurship. Let a large number of outstanding talents stand out in the great practice of innovation and entrepreneurship.

3. Mass entrepreneurship and innovation are the key ways to adhere to innovative development and implement innovation-driven development strategy

When attending the National Science and Technology Strategy Symposium, Premier Li Keqiang pointed out that the implementation of innovation-driven development strategy The development strategy must insist on placing scientific and technological innovation at the core of the overall development of the country, not only giving full play to the leading role of scientific and technological innovation and the backbone role of scientific and technological personnel, but also maximizing the infinite wisdom and strength of the masses, forming a mass entrepreneurship and mass entrepreneurship A new dimension of innovation. It is necessary to rely on the "Internet +" platform to gather the wisdom of the public to engage in innovation, cultivate the social soil for scientific and technological progress, open up channels for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, realize the effective connection between the innovation chain and the industrial chain, and shape new competitive advantages for my country's development. In order to integrate science and technology with the creativity of the people on a larger scale, at a deeper level, and at a higher level, we must not only stand up to the sky, strive to break through core key technologies, and bravely climb the world's technological peaks, but also stand on the ground and pass through Mass entrepreneurship and innovation transform scientific and technological achievements into real productivity. This requires that we must focus on improving the quality of education, promote the reform of the science and technology system, strengthen the talent and science and technology cornerstones of innovative development, deeply promote mass entrepreneurship and innovation, vigorously promote the spirit of innovation and entrepreneurship in the whole society, and enable entrepreneurial enterprises to continue to emerge and develop. , including entrepreneurship and innovation of newly founded enterprises and existing enterprises, constantly injecting new strength and vitality into the innovation engine of enterprises, and gathering together to form a new driving force for economic development.

On the one hand, we must vigorously promote the continuous emergence and large-scale development of start-ups. Numerous studies show that start-ups are a source of innovation. The commercialization of many major technologies and inventions in history was initially completed by these enterprises. At the same time, start-ups are also an engine of employment growth. According to a latest US analysis report, startups accounted for 3% of the 20% of new jobs created in the US in recent years. It is those entrepreneurs who continue to create new products and services, profoundly change our production and lifestyle, and create a large number of job opportunities. At present, it is those entrepreneurs in the fields of clean energy, biomedicine, advanced manufacturing, information technology, etc. who are promoting the development of emerging industries such as new energy, biology, and new generation information technology, and solving major issues facing the world such as resources, environment, and health. challenge.

On the other hand, we must vigorously promote entrepreneurship and innovation in existing enterprises, especially large enterprises. Research on entrepreneurship theory and practice shows that although many entrepreneurs start from scratch, entrepreneurship can also occur within existing businesses. Existing enterprises, especially large enterprises, need to promote entrepreneurship in order to win more profits and achieve long-term development. Large enterprises are the "field army" for innovation and development because of their advantages in talents, technology, brands, and markets. They are also promoting mass entrepreneurship. , plays a decisive role in mass innovation, not only because large companies can quickly commercialize innovative products by acquiring small and medium-sized enterprises, but also because large companies themselves can cultivate and incubate many small businesses. From our country's perspective, many large companies are currently actively promoting entrepreneurship and innovation, playing an important role in mass entrepreneurship and innovation. For example, large enterprises such as Tencent, Kingfa Technology, and Da'an Gene have established incubators in a targeted manner around the needs of the entire industry chain, incubating and cultivating a large number of technology-based startups and creating an agglomeration effect.

Haier proposes to turn corporate employees from their original employers and executors into entrepreneurs and partners, vigorously promote "self-entrepreneurship" within the company, and realize the transformation of the company from producing products to creating customers.

IV. Mass entrepreneurship and innovation are major structural reforms that promote supply innovation.

Promoting supply-side structural reform is a major task for my country's current economic development. Taken together, supply-side structural reform mainly refers to major reforms and key reforms on the factor input side and production side. The core is to promote the reform of factors such as finance and land and the reform of the production side to improve corporate efficiency and competitiveness, rejuvenate entrepreneurial spirit, create high-quality products and services that can stimulate consumer demand, meet new needs, open up new markets, and promote New technologies, new industries, and new business formats are booming, accelerating the transformation of development momentum. The most important thing is to allow more social capital to participate in investment through government system reform and fully stimulate the vitality of microeconomic entities.

Mass entrepreneurship and innovation can significantly increase effective supply, enhance microeconomic vitality, accelerate the development of emerging industries, expand employment, increase residents’ income, and promote vertical social mobility and fairness and justice. engine of economic development. Under the current situation, we must focus on building mass entrepreneurship and innovation, the new engine and driving force for China's economic growth, and vigorously promote key links such as government supervision, investment and financing, and science and technology systems, as well as biomedicine and health, new energy, energy conservation and environmental protection. , general aviation, cultural tourism and other key areas of reform. For example, we should focus on cultivating small and micro enterprises and promoting innovation of large enterprises, vigorously promote the reform of investment, financing and capital markets, and strive to solve the problem of difficult and expensive financing for enterprises. It is necessary to vigorously promote the reform of energy, electricity, logistics and other systems and mechanisms, and strive to reduce the cost of entrepreneurship and innovation. It is necessary to "release water to raise fish", promote structural reform of the fiscal and taxation system, and reduce the tax burden of small and micro enterprises. On the production side, it is necessary to liberalize market access for the service industry and expand opening up to allow more new enterprises to enter on a fair basis and enhance the driving force for the development of the service industry. It is necessary to further promote entrepreneurship and innovation in traditional industries, encourage employees of enterprises to actively use new technologies such as Internet + and big data, promote process innovation and equipment upgrading, carry out extensive technological innovation, and accelerate the advancement of traditional manufacturing industries to mid-to-high-end. It is necessary to adapt to the current rapid development trend of new technologies, new products, and new business formats, improve the government management system, strengthen the support of talent, technology, finance and other elements, and strive to create a environment that is conducive to the continuous emergence and development of emerging enterprises, conducive to new technologies, new products, A good ecosystem for rapid commercialization of new business formats.

If you don’t accumulate steps, you won’t be able to reach a thousand miles; if you don’t accumulate small streams, you won’t be able to reach a river or sea. Currently, a new round of global technological revolution and industrial transformation is gaining momentum, and our country's economy has entered a critical period of speed change, structural transformation, and power conversion. Facing the new situation, we must further promote mass entrepreneurship and innovation, and strive to create a social environment and cultural atmosphere that is conducive to the continuous emergence of outstanding scientists, inventors, technical experts and entrepreneurs, and the emergence of mass entrepreneurship and innovation, so that everyone can Those who are full of dreams and willing to work hard for them will succeed and achieve steady and sustained economic growth, a strong country, affluent people, and social fairness and justice.

(Original source: Economic Daily Author: Wang Changlin, Vice President of the Institute of Macroeconomics, National Development and Reform Commission)