Group members Li Yinzhang, Ding Junchen, Yang Jingchen, Zhao Xinuo, Wang Yifei, and Zou Ruiqi 1. Zhang Heng, a scientific sage who made outstanding contributions to the development of astronomy and seismology in China during the Eastern Han Dynasty 2 "Morality is flowing, and articles are floating. Mathematics Poor heaven and earth, making a fortune [móu] in harmony with God. "n) (quoted from the inscription he wrote for Zhang Heng) - Cui Yuan (yuà? Excellent in both "morality" and "articles", and "numerology" and "numerology". "Production" Qi Fei; ? Great scientist and great writer; ? "Be in harmony with God" 3 Main contents 1 2 3 4 5 Life introduction Main achievements Main inventions Seismometer Introduction Prize-winning questions and answers 4 Life introduction --- (1978). —139 years) --- named Pingzi --- a native of Nanyang (now Nanyang, Henan Province) --- Eastern Han Dynasty --- one of the four great masters of Han Fu (the other three are Sima Xiangru, Yang Xiong, and Ban Gu) --- Astronomer, mathematician, inventor, geographer 5 major achievements - major works Zhang Heng has authored 32 scientific, philosophical, and literary works. In terms of astronomy, he has "Lingxian" and "Annotations on the Armillary Sphere". ” and other works, the mathematical works include “Suan Wang Lun”, and the literary works are represented by “Er Jing Fu” and “Guitian Fu”. 6 Main Achievements - Astronomy 1. Created the first instrument to test earthquakes. —hòu wind and seismometer, 2. Created the world’s first leaky armillary sphere that can perform celestial phenomena more accurately, 3. Observed and recorded 2,500 stars, 4. Pointed out that the moon itself does not emit light, the moonlight In fact, it is the reflection of sunlight; correctly explains the cause of the lunar eclipse? Due to his outstanding contribution, the United Nations Astronomical Organization named a crater on the back of the moon "Zhang Heng Crater", and the 1802 asteroid in the solar system was named "Zhang Heng Star" .

7 Main inventions: Seismometer - the earliest seismograph. Armillary sphere - using water from a clepsydra to control the armillary image, making it rotate synchronously with the celestial sphere to show the movement of the stars. Automatic calendar, its function is equivalent to the date display in today's clocks? Compass car - using mechanical principles and gear transmission, no matter which direction the car turns, the outstretched arm of the wooden figure on the car points to the south? Guiligu Car - a machine used to calculate mileage? Flying alone wood carving - is a gliding airfoil design that imitates birds flying high in the sky. 8 Introduction to seismograph In 132 AD (the first year of Yangjia), Zhang Heng invented the earliest seismograph, called Hou Wind and Earthquake Instrument. 9 According to the "Book of the Later Han·Zhang Heng Biography" (author: Fan Ye), the Houfeng Earthquake Instrument was reproduced in the first year of Yangjia. It was made of fine copper, with a diameter of eight feet, a raised cover, and a shape like a wine statue. It is decorated with the shapes of turtles, birds and beasts in seal script. There are capital pillars in the middle, eight roads running beside them, and eight dragons on the outside, with a copper pill in the head and a toad at the bottom. Its teeth are ingeniously made. , the cover is endless. If there is an earthquake, the dragon will vibrate, and the toad will hold it. Its aspect is to know where the earthquake is. Test it with things, and the harmony is like a god. Since it is recorded in the book, it has not been found. When a dragon's machine appears but the ground doesn't move, the scholars in the capital blame him for not having any action. A few days later, when the post arrived, there was an earthquake in Longxi, so everyone was impressed by its wonderfulness. From then on, historians were ordered to record the origin of the earthquake. 10 The Houfeng seismometer was reproduced in the first year of Yangjia, time, name, texture, shape, made of fine copper. The members are eight feet in diameter and the cover is raised in the shape of a wine statue. The seismometer collected by the National Palace Museum in Taipei is decorated with seal script and carved in the shape of turtles, birds and beasts. The external structure 11 Introduction to the seismometer There are capital pillars in the middle and eight paths running beside them. There are eight dragons outside. There are eight dragons holding bronze pills. Under the copper pills, there are toads opening their mouths to hold them. The ingenious mechanism of the tooth mechanism is hidden in the statue. It covers a dense and boundless internal mechanical structure. 12 seismometers are introduced. Waiting for the wind and seismometers. If there is an earthquake, the statue will Then the dragon vibrates, and the machine spits out pills, and the toad picks them up.

The vibrating sound is exciting, and the waiter is aware of it. Even if the machine is turned on and the seven heads do not move, if you look for its direction, you will know where the vibration is. Test it with things, and the harmony is like a god. It has not been recorded since it was recorded in the book. When a dragon's machine appears, the ground does not move, and the scholars in the capital blame him for not having any action. A few days later, there was an earthquake in Longxi, so everyone was convinced of its wonderfulness. After the evaluation and verification of the effect, historians were asked to record the origin of the earthquake. Introduction to the use of 13 seismographs The seismographs are made of fine copper, with a diameter of eight feet, shaped like a wine bottle, and decorated with images of turtles, birds and beasts written in seal script.

There is a large pillar in the middle, which has eight directions. Each direction has a dragon with a copper bead in its mouth, and under each dragon there is a toad corresponding to it. If an earthquake occurs in any direction, the copper beads contained in the dragon's mouth in that direction will fall into the toad's mouth, and the direction of the earthquake can be determined. After testing, it is consistent with the facts. This has never happened since the beginning of recorded history. 14Ask and answer 1. Zhang Heng is a scientist from the Eastern Han Dynasty in China. Pingzi 2. Zhang Heng’s nickname is _______________ 3. What did Zhang Heng invent? KEY: Seismometer, Armillary Sphere, Calendar Drum Cart, Solo Wood Carving, Ruilun Pod, Compass Cart 15Ask and answer 4. Which of Zhang Heng’s inventions is equivalent to the automatic calendar in today’s clocks? A: B: C: D: Armillary Sphere, Ruilun Pod, Jili Drum Cart, Solitary Flying Woodcarving key: B16Ask and answer 5. Zhang Heng’s invention of the seismograph is recorded in detail in "Book of the Later Han·Biography of Zhang Heng". The book is ______________ 6. Please briefly introduce the structure of the seismograph. key: The seismograph is made of fine copper. It has eight directions, and in each direction there is a dragon with a copper bead in its mouth, and under each dragon there is a toad corresponding to it. If an earthquake occurs in any direction, the copper beads contained in the dragon's mouth in that direction will fall into the toad's mouth. From this, the direction of the earthquake can be measured. 1718