Herbert Spencer, British sociologist. He is best known as the "Father of Social Darwinism". He proposed a set of theories that applied the evolutionary theory of survival of the fittest to sociology, especially education and class struggle

Herbert Herbert Spencer (April 27, 1820 – December 8, 1903), British philosopher. He is best known as the "Father of Social Darwinism", who proposed a set of theories that applied the evolutionary theory of survival of the fittest to sociology, especially education and class struggle. However, his work contributes to many subjects, including norms, metaphysics, religion, politics, rhetoric, biology, and psychology, among others. There were many famous philosophers and scientists in Spencer's time, such as John Stewart Mill, Thomas Henry Huxley and Charles Darwin, who are all well-known contemporary figures.

English philosopher, pioneer of the theory of evolution, before Darwin in theoretical elaboration. It is said that Spencer disliked Plato's theory. His sentence "even a third-rate novelist will be better than him (referring to Plato)" is undoubtedly an insult to Plato. This is probably because Spencer is a skeptic, and Plato But he was a dialectician who attacked skepticism. In addition, Jack London admired Spencer a lot. In his masterpiece "Martin Eden", Jack London praised Spencer a lot.

On The Proper Sphere of Government (1842)

Social Statics (1850)

On the Proper Sphere of Government (1842) 1851)

A Theory of Population (1852)

The Philosophy of Style (1852)

Principles of Psychology (1855)

Synthetic Philosophical System (1860)

The First Principle, ISBN 0898757959 (1862)

"Normative Materials" (1879)

"Education" (published in the United States in 1860) [1]

"Man versus State" (1884 Year)

"Autobiography" (1904)

1. As far as the shaping of character through education is concerned, forced training is not in line with moral laws and is also a futile effort.

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2. The main obstacle to correct education lies not with children, but with parents. It is not that children are insensitive to the effects of coercion, but that parents are not morally competent enough to use these effects.

3 .Parents exaggerate the distress caused to them by their children's improper behavior, and always believe that all faults are caused by their children's bad behavior and have nothing to do with their own behavior. But after a little fair self-analysis, we can. Found that the mandatory instructions issued by parents are mainly for their own convenience, not to correct mistakes.

4. The mind, like the body, cannot absorb the knowledge you give it beyond a certain speed. Too much, too fast, makes it impossible to absorb, and soon it will be lost. If the material is not integrated with the mind, it will slip from the memory after the test. What's worse, this method will make learning. It becomes more and more annoying.

5. To educate children effectively, educators must make some preparations for education: they need to study, be rational, be patient, and need self-restraint. Give less orders to children.

6. Painful homework makes knowledge annoying, while pleasant homework makes knowledge attractive. Those who gain knowledge through intimidation and punishment are likely not to continue in the future. Study; and those who acquire knowledge in a pleasant way do so not only because the knowledge itself is interesting, but also because many successful experiences prompt them to educate themselves.

7. Children learn most effectively when they are happy.

8. We all have love, but love and purposeful education require some patience and skills, sometimes even laughable wit or somewhat unpleasant restraint.

9. The long-standing educational misunderstanding is that education is only regarded as an ascetic life in a serious classroom, while neglecting natural education and self-help education that are more meaningful to children.

10. Whether a family debates or talks, praises or reprimands during meals is a good gauge. It can tell whether the family is growing apart or getting closer.

11. Good health and the resulting happy emotions are the best funds for happiness.

12. Education is preparation for a perfect life. Spencer's theory of social organisms is reflected in Volume 1 of his "Principles of Sociology". He made 6 analogies between society and biological organisms and came to 3 conclusions: 1. Society is a system, a close whole composed of interconnected parts. ②This system can only be understood in the sense of its structural operation. ③For the system to exist, its needs must be met. These views pioneered the structural-functional theory and directly influenced French sociologists. Durkheim, as well as the functionalist sociological thoughts of British A.R. Radcliffe-Brown and B.K. Malinowski.